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BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Impact of neighborhood resources on cardiovascular disease: a nationwide six-year follow-up

Authors: Susanna Calling, Xinjun Li, Naomi Kawakami, Tsuyoshi Hamano, Kristina Sundquist

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

Living in a socially deprived neighborhood is associated with lifestyle risk factors, e.g., smoking, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet, as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, i.e., coronary heart disease and stroke. The aim was to study whether the odds of cardiovascular disease vary with the neighbourhood availability of potentially health-damaging and health-promoting resources.

Methods

A nationwide sample of 2 040 826 men and 2 153 426 women aged 35–80 years were followed for six years for first hospitalization of coronary heart disease or stroke. Neighborhood availability of health-damaging resources (i.e., fast-food restaurants and bars/pubs) and health-promoting resources (i.e., health care facilities and physical activity facilities) were determined by use of geographic information systems (GIS).

Results

We found small or modestly increased odds ratios (ORs) for both coronary heart disease and stroke, related to the availability of both health-damaging and health-promoting resources. For example, in women, the unadjusted OR (95 % confidence interval) for stroke in relation to availability of fast-food restaurants was 1.18 (1.15–1.21). Similar patterns were observed in men, with an OR = 1.08 (1.05–1.10). However, the associations became weaker or disappeared after adjustment for neighborhood-level deprivation and individual-level age and income.

Conclusions

This six year follow-up study shows that neighborhood availability of potentially health-damaging as well as health-promoting resources may make a small contribution to the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. However, most of these associations were attenuated or disappeared after adjustment for neighborhood-level deprivation and individual-level age and income. Future studies are needed to further examine factors in the causal pathway between neighborhood deprivation and cardiovascular disease.
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Metadata
Title
Impact of neighborhood resources on cardiovascular disease: a nationwide six-year follow-up
Authors
Susanna Calling
Xinjun Li
Naomi Kawakami
Tsuyoshi Hamano
Kristina Sundquist
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3293-5

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