Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors related to hypertension among urban adults in Inner Mongolia 2014: differences between Mongolian and Han populations

Authors: Guoju Li, Hailing Wang, Ke Wang, Wenrui Wang, Fen Dong, Yonggang Qian, Haiying Gong, Guodong Xu, Yanlong Li, Li Pan, Bin Wang, Guangjin Zhu, Guangliang Shan

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Han and Mongolian populations constitute approximately 96 % of the population of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the two ethnic groups have different genetic backgrounds and lifestyle. We aim to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and related risk factors of hypertension among urban adults in Inner Mongolia, with the comparison of the differences between Mongolian and Han populations in this respect.

Methods

Three thousand two hundred fifty-one individuals aged 20–80 years (2326 Han and 925 Mongolian) were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method from Inner Mongolia in 2014. The adjusted prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were evaluated by the Logistic regression. In addition, possible interactions were also tested. When interactions were found significant, strata-specific analysis were performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used for estimating independent associations between risk factors and hypertension.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension was 27.47 % for Han population, 31.46 % for Mongolian population. The adjusted prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 26.45, 65.43, 78.24 and 48.28 % in Han, and 31.30, 68.22, 85.57 and 50.55 % in Mongolian, respectively. There was no significant difference in the adjusted awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among Mongolian and Han adult residents (all P >0.05). Lower prevalence of hypertension was associated with younger age and healthy weight in both Mongolian and Han adults. Within Han adults, high education, moderate physical activity and non-alcohol drinkers were additionally associated with lower prevalence of hypertension, whereas within Mongolian adults, lower prevalence was associated with being female. Among residents with medium education level, nondrinkers had 0.60 times lower odds of having hypertension than current drinkers (OR = 0.60, 95 % CI: 0.44–0.82); among residents with high education level, nondrinkers has 0.65 times lower odds of having hypertension than current drinkers (OR = 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.43–0.97).

Conclusions

Mongolian population had a higher prevalence of hypertension than Han population. There were no significant difference between Mongolian and Han population in awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, which suggested that there was no difference between the two ethnicities in the distribution of health resources.
Literature
1.
Narayan KM, Ali MK, Koplan JP. Global noncommunicable diseases--where worlds meet. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(13):1196–8.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005;365(9455):217–23.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Joshi P, Islam S, Pais P, Reddy S, Dorairaj P, Kazmi K, Pandey MR, Haque S, Mendis S, Rangarajan S et al. Risk factors for early myocardial infarction in South Asians compared with individuals in other countries. JAMA. 2007;297(3):286–94.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Teo KK, Liu L, Chow CK, Wang X, Islam S, Jiang L, Sanderson JE, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S. Potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in China: the INTERHEART China study. Heart. 2009;95(22):1857–64.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Hu SS, Kong LZ, Gao RL, Zhu ML, Wang W, Wang YJ, Wu ZS, Chen WW, Liu MB. Outline of the report on cardiovascular disease in China, 2010. Biomed Environ Sci. 2012;25(3):251–6.PubMed
6.
Egan BM, Zhao YM, Axon RN. US Trends in Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension, 1988–2008. JAMA. 2010;303(20):2043–50.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Hotchkiss JW, Davies C, Gray L, Bromley C, Capewell S, Leyland AH. Trends in adult cardiovascular disease risk factors and their socio-economic patterning in the Scottish population 1995–2008: cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open. 2011;1(1):e000176.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Chen X, Wei W, Zou S, Wu X, Zhou B, Fu L, Wang H, Shi J. Trends in the prevalence of hypertension in island and coastal areas of china: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Am J Hypertens. 2014;27(12):1503–10.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Ma YQ, Mei WH, Yin P, Yang XH, Rastegar SK, Yan JD. Prevalence of hypertension in Chinese cities: a meta-analysis of published studies. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58302.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Xi B, Liang Y, Reilly KH, Wang Q, Hu Y, Tang W. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among Chinese adults 1991–2009. Int J Cardiol. 2012;158(2):326–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Liang YJ, Xi B, Hu YH, Wang C, Liu JT, Yan YK, Xu T, Wang RQ. Trends in blood pressure and hypertension among Chinese children and adolescents: China Health and Nutrition Surveys 1991–2004. Blood Press. 2011;20(1):45–53.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zhai F, He Y, Wang Z, Hu Y. [Status and characteristic of dietary intake of 12 minority nationalities in China]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2007;36(5):539–41.PubMed
13.
Roalfe AK, Holder RL, Wilson S. Standardisation of rates using logistic regression: a comparison with the direct method. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:275.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Basu S, Millett C. Social epidemiology of hypertension in middle-income countries: determinants of prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and control in the WHO SAGE study. Hypertension. 2013;62(1):18–26.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Meng XJ, Dong GH, Wang D, Liu MM, Lin Q, Tian S, Xu LX, Hou H, Ren YF, Lee YL. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and risk factors associated with hypertension in urban adults from 33 communities of China: the CHPSNE study. J Hypertens. 2011;29(7):1303–10.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Li H, Xu T, Tong W, Liu Y, Zhao L, Zhang Y. Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors between prehypertension and hypertension in a Mongolian population, Inner Mongolia, China. Circ J. 2008;72(10):1666–73.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Organization WH. World Health Statistics 2015. 2015.
18.
Tunstall-Pedoe H, Connaghan J, Woodward M, Tolonen H, Kuulasmaa K. Pattern of declining blood pressure across replicate population surveys of the WHO MONICA project, mid-1980s to mid-1990s, and the role of medication. BMJ. 2006;332(7542):629–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Li N, Wang H, Yan Z, Yao X, Hong J, Zhou L. Ethnic disparities in the clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among the Kazakh, Uygur, Mongolian and Han populations of Xinjiang: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:499.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Quan H, Chen G, Walker RL, Wielgosz A, Dai S, Tu K, Campbell NR, Hemmelgarn BR, Hill MD, Johansen H, et al. Incidence, cardiovascular complications and mortality of hypertension by sex and ethnicity. Heart. 2013;99(10):715–21.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Yao XG, Frommlet F, Zhou L, Zu F, Wang HM, Yan ZT, Luo WL, Hong J, Wang XL, Li NF. The prevalence of hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia in individuals of over 30 years of age belonging to minorities from the pasture area of Xinjiang. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Yang S, Liu S, Wang Y, Wan H, Zhao D, Li Y, Chen SS, Wu Y, Dustin L, Azen S, et al. High blood pressure in Chinese ethnic minorities: report from rural Yunnan province. Am J Hypertens. 2011;24(11):1209–14.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Hasi T, Hao L, Yang L, Su XL. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 SNP rs671 and susceptibility to essential hypertension in Mongolians: a case control study. Genet Mol Res. 2011;10(1):537–43.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Black ML, Wang W, Bittles AH. A genome-based study of the Muslim Hui community and the Han population of Liaoning Province, PR China. Hum Biol. 2001;73(6):801–13.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Chang PY, Zhao LG, Su XL. Association of TSC gene variants and hypertension in Mongolian and Han populations. Genet Mol Res. 2011;10(2):902–9.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, White A, Cushman WC, White W, Sica D, et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension. 2008;51(6):1403–19.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Chow CK, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Gupta R, Avezum A, Bahonar A, Chifamba J, Dagenais G, Diaz R, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. JAMA. 2013;310(9):959–68.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Gu H, Li W, Yang J, Wang Y, Bo J, Liu L. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among Han and four ethnic minorities (Uygur, Hui, Mongolian and Dai) in China. J Hum Hypertens. 2015;29:555–60.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zaman MJ, Patel A, Jan S, Hillis GS, Raju PK, Neal B, Chow CK. Socio-economic distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and knowledge in rural India. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41(5):1302–14.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Prince MJ, Ebrahim S, Acosta D, Ferri CP, Guerra M, Huang Y, Jacob KS, Jimenez-Velazquez IZ, Rodriguez JL, Salas A, et al. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among older people in Latin America, India and China: a 10/66 cross-sectional population-based survey. J Hypertens. 2012;30(1):177–87.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Cutler JA, Sorlie PD, Wolz M, Thom T, Fields LE, Roccella EJ. Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates in United States adults between 1988–1994 and 1999–2004. Hypertension. 2008;52(5):818–27.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Papathanasiou G, Zerva E, Zacharis I, Papandreou M, Papageorgiou E, Tzima C, Georgakopoulos D, Evangelou A. Association of high blood pressure with body mass index, smoking and physical activity in healthy young adults. Open Cardiovasc Med J. 2015;9:5–17.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors related to hypertension among urban adults in Inner Mongolia 2014: differences between Mongolian and Han populations
Authors
Guoju Li
Hailing Wang
Ke Wang
Wenrui Wang
Fen Dong
Yonggang Qian
Haiying Gong
Guodong Xu
Yanlong Li
Li Pan
Bin Wang
Guangjin Zhu
Guangliang Shan
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2965-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

BMC Public Health 1/2016 Go to the issue

Research article

Factors associated with secondhand tobacco smoke in the home: an exploratory cross-sectional study among women in Aleta Wondo, Ethiopia

Research article

Are recent attempts to quit smoking associated with reduced drinking in England? A cross-sectional population survey

Erratum

Erratum to: Scaling-up an efficacious school-based physical activity intervention: Study protocol for the ‘Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers support Activity in Youth’ (iPLAY) cluster randomized controlled trial and scale-up implementation evaluation

Research article

Methamphetamine use is associated with high levels of depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults in Rural Chiang Mai Province, Thailand

Research article

The risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in underground copper miners in Zambia exposed to respirable silica: a cross-sectional study

Research article

Spatial modeling of HIV and HSV-2 among women in Kenya with spatially varying coefficients