Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research article

Evaluation of the Families SHARE workbook: an educational tool outlining disease risk and healthy guidelines to reduce risk of heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer and colorectal cancer

Authors: Laura M. Koehly, Bronwyn A. Morris, Kaley Skapinsky, Andrea Goergen, Amanda Ludden

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Common diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer are etiologically complex with multiple risk factors (e.g., environment, genetic, lifestyle). These risk factors tend to cluster in families, making families an important social context for intervention and lifestyle-focused disease prevention. The Families Sharing Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation (SHARE) workbook was designed as an educational tool outlining family health history based risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. The current paper describes the steps taken to develop and evaluate the workbook employing a user-centered design approach.

Methods

The workbook was developed in four steps, culminating in an evaluation focusing on understanding and usability of the tool. The evaluation was based on two Phases of data collected from a sample of mothers of young children in the Washington, D.C., area. A baseline assessment and follow-up approximately two weeks after receipt of the workbook were conducted, as well as focus groups with participants. The design of the workbook was refined in response to participant feedback from the first evaluation Phase and subsequently re-evaluated with a new sample.

Results

After incorporating user-based feedback and revising the workbook, Phase 2 evaluation results indicated that understanding of the workbook components improved for all sections (from 6.26 to 6.81 on a 7-point scale). In addition, 100 % of users were able to use the algorithm to assess their disease risk and over 60 % used the algorithm to assess family members’ disease risk. At follow-up, confidence to increase fruit, vegetable and fiber intake improved significantly, as well.

Conclusions

The Families SHARE workbook was developed and evaluated resulting in a family health history tool that is both understandable and usable by key stakeholders. This educational tool will be used in intervention studies assessing the effectiveness of family genomics health educators who use the Families SHARE workbook to disseminate family risk information and encourage risk reducing behaviors.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01498276. Registered 21 December 2011
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Yoon PW, Scheuner MT, Peterson-Oehlke KL, Gwinn M, Faucett A, Khoury MJ. Can family history be used as a tool for public health and preventive medicine? Genet Med. 2002;4(4):304–10.PubMed
2.
Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Haffner SM, Solomon CG, Willett WC, Manson JE. Elevated risk of cardiovascular disease prior to clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(7):1129–34.PubMed
3.
Wang C, Sen A, Ruffin MT, Nease DE, Gramling R, Acheson LS, et al. Family history assessment: impact on disease risk perceptions. Am J Prev Med. 2012;43(4):392–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Hovick SR, Wilkinson AV, Ashida S, de Heer HD, Koehly LM. The impact of personalized risk feedback on Mexican Americans’ perceived risk for heart disease and diabetes. Health Educ Res. 2014;29(2):222–34.PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Ruffin MT, Nease DE, Sen A, Pace WD, Wang C, Acheson LS, et al. Effect of preventive messages tailored to family history on health behaviors: the family healthware impact trial. Ann Fam Med. 2011;9(1):3–11.PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Ashida S, Wilkinson AV, Koehly LM. Social influence and motivation to change health behaviors among Mexican-origin adults: implications for diet and physical activity. Am J Health Promot. 2012;26(3):176–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Koehly LM, Ashida S, Goergen AF, Skapinsky KF, Hadley DW, Wilkinson AV. Willingness of Mexican-American adults to share family health history with healthcare providers. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40(6):633–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Kelly K, Ferketich AK, Sturm AC, Porter K, Sweet K, Kemp K, et al. Cancer risk and risk communication in urban, lower-income neighborhoods. Prev Med. 2009;48:392–6.PubMed
9.
Petruccio C, Mills SK, Boughman J, Fernandez C, Harlow I, Kruesi M, et al. Healthy choices through family history: a community approach to family history awareness. J Community Genet. 2007;11(6):343–51.
10.
Kelly K, Shedlosky-Shoemaker R, Porter K, Remy A, DeSimone P, Andrykowski M. Cancer family history reporting: Impact of method and psychosocial factors. J Genet Couns. 2007;16:373–82.PubMed
11.
Sweet K, Sturm AC, Rettig A, McElroy J, Agnese D. Clinically relevant lessons from Family HealthLink: a cancer and coronary heart disease familial risk assessment tool. Genet Med. 2015;17(6):493–500.PubMed
12.
de Hoog CL, Portegijs PJ, Stoffers HE. Family history tools for primary care are not ready yet to be implemented. A systematic review. Eur J Gen Pract. 2014;20(2):125–33.PubMed
13.
O’Neill SM, Rubinstein WS, Wang C, Yoon PW, Acheson LS, Rothrock N, et al. Familial risk for common diseases in primary care: the Family Healthware™ Impact Trial. Am J Prev Med. 2009;36(6):506–14.PubMed
14.
Ashida S, Goodman MS, Stafford J, Lachance C, Kaphingst KA. Perceived familiarity with and importance of family health history among a medically underserved population. J Community Genet. 2012;3(4):285–95.PubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Black L, McClellan K, Avard D, Knoppers B. Intrafamilial disclosure of risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: points to consider. J Community Genet. 2013;4(2):203–14.PubMed
16.
Hay J, Shuck E, Brady M, Berwick M, Ostroff J, Halpern A. Family communication after melanoma diagnosis. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:553–4.PubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Segrin C, Flora J. Family communication. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2005.
18.
Ashida S, Schafer EJ. Family health information sharing among older adults: reaching more family members. J Community Genet. 2015;6:17–27.PubMed
19.
Koehly LM, Peters JA, Kenen R, Hoskins LM, Ersig AL, Kuhn NR, et al. Characteristics of health information gatherers, disseminators, and blockers within families at risk of hereditary cancer: implications for family health communication interventions. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(12):2203–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Koehly LM, Peterson SK, Watts BG, Kempf KK, Vernon SW, Gritz ER. A social network analysis of communication about hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer genetic testing and family functioning. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12(4):304–13.PubMed
21.
Fisher EB, Walker EA, Bostrom A, Fischhoff B, Haire-Joshu D, Johnson SB. Behavioral science research in the prevention of diabetes status and opportunities. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(3):599–606.PubMed
22.
Schroy PC, Barrison AF, Ling BS, Wilson S, Geller AC. Family history and colorectal cancer screening: a survey of physician knowledge and practice patterns. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(4):1031–6.PubMed
23.
Lewis MA, McBride CM, Pollak KI, Puleo E, Butterfield RM, Emmons KM. Understanding health behavior change among couples: An interdependence and communal coping approach. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(6):1369–80.PubMed
24.
Lyons RF, Mickelson KD, Sullivan MJ, Coyne JC. Coping as a communal process. J Soc Pers Relat. 1998;15(5):579–605.
25.
Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1991;50:179–211.
26.
Ajzen I, Fishbein M. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall; 1980.
27.
Menon G, Raghubir P, Agrawal N. Health risk perceptions and consumer psychology. In: The Handbook of Consumer Psychology. Edited by Haugtvedt CP, Herr PM, Kardes FR: Taylor & Francis group, New York; 2008:981-1010.
28.
29.
Gail MH, Costantino JP, Bryant J, Croyle R, Freedman L, Helzlsouer K, et al. Weighing the risks and benefits of tamoxifen treatment for preventing breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91(21):1829–46.PubMed
30.
Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Boland CR, Hamilton SR, Henson DE, Jass JR, Khan PM, et al. A national cancer institute workshop on hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome: meeting highlights and Bethesda guidelines. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89(23):1758–62.PubMed
31.
Vasen HF, Mecklin JP, Khan PM, Lynch HT. The international collaborative group on hereditary Non-polyposis colorectal cancer (ICG-HNPCC). Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34(5):424–5.PubMed
32.
Berg A, Baird M, Botkin J, Driscoll D, Fishman P, Guarino P, et al. National institutes of health state-of-the-science conference statement: Family history and improving health. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(12):872–7.PubMed
33.
Snyder LA, Soballe DB, Lahl LL, Nehrebecky ME, Soballe PW, Klein PM. Development of the breast cancer education and risk assessment program. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2003;30(5):803–8.PubMed
34.
Warner E, Goel V, Ondrusek N, Thiel EC, Chart PL, Meschino WS, et al. Pilot study of an information aid for women with a family history of breast cancer. Helath Expect. 1999;2(2):118–28.
35.
Gilpin CA, Carson N, Hunter AG. A preliminary validation of a family history assessment form to select women at risk for breast or ovarian cancer for referral to a genetics center. Clin Genet. 2000;58(4):299–308.PubMed
36.
Assmann G, Cullen P, Shulte H. Simple scoring scheme for calculating the risk of acute coronary events based on the 10-year follow-up of the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) Study. Circulation. 2002;105:310–5.PubMed
37.
Dunder K, Lind L, Zethelius B, Berglund L, Lithell H. Evaluation of a scoring scheme, including proinsulin and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio, for the risk of acute coronary events in middle-aged men: Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM). Am Heart J. 2004;148(4):596–601.PubMed
38.
Mohan V, Deepa R, Deepa M, Somannavar S, Datta M. A simplified Indian diabetes risk score for screening for undiagnosed diabetic subjects. J Assoc Physicians India. 2005;53:759–63.PubMed
39.
Morise AP, Haddad WJ, Beckner D. Development and validation of a clinical score to estimate the probability of coronary artery disease in mena and women presenting with suspected coronary disease. Am J Med. 1997;102:350–6.PubMed
40.
Rolka DB, Bacall D, Venkat Narayan KM, Benjamin EM, Thompson TJ, Lamb B, et al. Performance of recommended screening tests for undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(11):1899–903.PubMed
41.
Wright L, Murcer S, Adams K, Welch S, Paris D. The factor analytic structure of seven physical CHD risk factors: a replication study. J Clin Psychol. 1994;50(2):216–9.PubMed
42.
Anderson E, Berg J, Black R, Bradshaw N, Campbell J, Cetnarskyj R, et al. Predicting breast cancer risk: implications of a “weak” family history. Fam Cancer. 2008;7:361–6.PubMed
43.
Baan CA, Dekker JM, Ruige JB, Heine RJ, Stolk RP, Feskens EJM, et al. Performance of a predictive model to identify undiagnosed diabetes in a healthcare setting. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(2):213–9.PubMed
44.
Brinton LA, Benichou J, Gammon MD, Brogan DR, Coates R, Schoenberg JB. Ethnicity and variation in breast cancer incidence. Int J Cancer. 1997;73:349–55.PubMed
45.
Byeon J-S, Yang S-K, Kim TI, Kim WH, Lau JYW, Leung W-K, et al. Colorectal neoplasm in asymptomatic Asians: a prospective mulinational multicenter colonoscopy survey. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65(7):1015–22.PubMed
46.
Cauley JA, Song J, Dowsett SA, Mershon JL, Cummings SR. Risk factors for breast cancer in older women: the relative contribution of bone mineral density and other established risk factors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007;102:181–8.PubMed
47.
Claus EB, Schildkraut J, Iversen ES, Berry D, Parmigiani G. Effect of BRCA1 and BRCA2 on the association between breast cancer risk and family history. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;90(23):1824–9.PubMed
48.
Chien K-L, Hsu H-C, Su T-C, Chang W-T, Chen P-C, Chen M-F, et al. Sibling and parental history of type 2 diabetes risk among ethnic Chinese: the Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008;15:657–62.PubMed
49.
Colditz GA, Rimm EB, Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Willett WC. A prospective study of parental history of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease in men. Am J Cardiol. 1991;67:933–8.PubMed
50.
Djousse L, Gaziano JM. Parental history of myocardial infarction and risk of heart failure in male physicians. Eur J Clin Investig. 2008;38(12):896–901.
51.
Dodani S. Distribution and determinants of coronary artery disease in an urban Pakistani setting. Ethn Dis. 2005;15:429–35.PubMed
52.
Ferrer J, Neyro JL, Estevez A. Identification of risk factors for prevention and early diagnosis of a-symptomatic post-menopausal women. Maturitas. 2005;52 Suppl 1:S7–22.PubMed
53.
Eaton CB, Bostom AG, Yanek L, Laurino JP, McQuade W, Hume A, et al. Family history and premature coronary heart disease. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1996;9(5):312–8.PubMed
54.
Gidding SS, McMahan CA, McGill HC, Colangelo LA, Schreiner PJ, Williams D, et al. Prediction of coronary artery calcium in young adults using the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Risk Score. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2341–7.PubMed
55.
Glumer C, Lauritzen T, Carstensen B, Jorgensen T, Sandbaek A, Borch-Johnsen K. A Danish diabetes risk score for targeted screening. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(3):727–33.PubMed
56.
Halapy E, Chiarelli AM, Klar N, Knight JA. Accuracy of breast screening among women with and without a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;90:299–305.PubMed
57.
Haron Y, Hussein O, Epstein L, Eilat D, Harash B, Linn S. Type 2 diabetes among Circassians in Israel. Isr Med Assoc J. 2006;8:622–6.PubMed
58.
Hippe M, Vestbo J, Ole Hein H, Borch-Johnsen K, Jensen G, Sorensen TIA. Familial predisposition and susceptibility to the effect of other risk factors for myocardial infarction. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999;53:269–76.PubMedPubMedCentral
59.
Johns LE, Houlston RS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of familial colorectal cancer risk. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(10):2992–3003.PubMed
60.
Jousilahti P, Puska P, Vartiainen E, Pekkanen J, Tuomilehto J. Parental history of premature coronary heart disease: an independent risk factor of myocardial infarction. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49(5):497–503.PubMed
61.
Kanaya AM, Goodpaster BH, Wassel Fyr CL, Newman AB, de Rekeneire N, Harris T, et al. Predicting the development of diabetes in older adults. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(2):404–8.PubMed
62.
Keesukphan P, Chanprasertyothin S, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Puavilai G. The development and validation of a diabetes risk score for high-risk Thai adults. J Med Assoc Thail. 2007;90(1):149–54.
63.
Kojo K, Pukkala E, Auvinen A. Breast cancer risk among Finnish cabin attendants: a nested case-control study. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62:488–93.PubMedPubMedCentral
64.
Lee E-O, Ahn S-H, You C, Lee D-S, Han W, Choe K-J, et al. Determining the main risk factors and high-risk groups of breast cancer using a predictive model for breast cancer risk assessment in South Korea. Cancer Nurs. 2004;27:400–6.PubMed
65.
Leu M, Reilly M, Czene K. Evaluation of bias in familial risk estimates: a study of common cancers using Swedish population-based registers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:1318–25.PubMed
66.
Magno CP, Araneta RMG, Macera CA, Anderson GW. Cardiovascular disease prevalence, associated risk factors, and plasma adiponectin levels among Filipino American women. Ethn Dis. 2008;18:458–63.PubMed
67.
Patel MJ, de Lemos JA, Philips B, Murphy SA, Vaeth PC, McGuire DK, et al. Implications of family history of myocardial infarction in young women. Am Heart J. 2007;154:454–60.PubMed
68.
Pharoah P, Day N, Duffy S, Easton D, Ponder B. Family history and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 1997;71:800–9.PubMed
69.
Piegas LS, Avezum A, Pereira JCR, Neto JMR, Hoepfner C, Farran JA, et al. Risk factors for myocardial infarction in Brazil. Am Heart J. 2003;146:331–8.PubMed
70.
Piros S, Karlehagen S, Lappas G, Wilhelmsen L. Risk factors for myocardial infarction among Swedish railway engine drivers during 10 years follow-up. J Cardiovasc Risk. 2000;7:395–400.PubMed
71.
Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Vijay V, Wareham NJ, Colagiuri S. Derivation and validaton of diabetes risk score for urban Asian Indians. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005;70:63–70.PubMed
72.
Sandhu MS, Luben R, Khaw K-T. Prevalence and family history of colorectal cancer: implications for screening. J Med Screen. 2001;8:69–72.PubMed
73.
Sesso HD, Lee I-M, Gaziano JM, Rexrod KM, Glynn RJ, Buring JE. Maternal and paternal history of myocardial infarction and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women. Circulation. 2001;104:393–8.PubMed
74.
Silberberg JS, Wlodarczyk J, Fryer J, Robertson R, Hensley MJ. Risk associated with various definitions of family history of coronary heart disease. The Newcastle Family History Study II. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147(12):1133–9.PubMed
75.
Simon MS, Korczak JF, Yee CL, Malone K, Ursin G, Bernstein L, et al. Breast cancer risk estimates for relatives of white and African american women with breast cancer in the Women’s contraceptive and reproductive experiences study. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(16):2498–504.PubMed
76.
Sivapalaratnam S, Boekholdt SM, Trip MD, Sandhu MS, Luben R, Kastelein JJP, et al. Family history of premature coronary heart disease and risk prediction in the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. Heart. 2010;96:1985–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
77.
Slattery ML, Kerber RA. Family history of cancer and colon cancer risk: the Utah Population Database. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86(21):1618–26.PubMed
78.
Snowden CB, McNamara PM, Garrison RJ, Feinleib M, Kannel WB, Epstein FH. Predicting coronary heart disease in siblings - a multivariate assessment. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;115(2):217–22.PubMed
79.
Vitullo F, Marchioli R, Di Mascio R, Cavasinni L, Di Pasquale A, Tognoni G. Family history and socioeconomic factors as predictors of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and stroke in an Italian population. Eur J Epidemiol. 1996;12(2):177–85.PubMed
80.
Washburn NJ, Sommer VK, Spencer SE, Simmons SK, Adkins BW, Rogers MR, et al. Outpatient genetic risk assessment in women with breast cancer: one center’s experience. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2005;9(1):49–53.PubMed
81.
Wilson PWF, Meigs JB, Sullivan L, Fox CS, Nathan DM, D’Agostino RBS. Prediction of incident diabetes mellitus in middle-aged adults. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1068–74.PubMed
82.
Yasui Y, Newcom PA, Trentham-Dietz A, Egan KM. Familial relative risk estimates for use in epidemiologic analyses. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164(7):697–705.PubMed
83.
Zodpey SP, Kulkarni HR, Vasudeo N, Chaubey B. A risk scoring system for prediction of coronary heart disease based on multivariate analysis: development and validation. Indian Heart J. 1994;46(2):77–83.PubMed
84.
Friedlander Y, Arbogast P, Schwartz SM, Marcovina SM, Austin MA, Rosendaal FR, et al. Family history as a risk factor for early onset myocardial infarction in young women. Atherosclerosis. 2001;156:201–7.PubMed
85.
Butterly LF, Goodrich M, Onega T, Greene MA, Srivastava A, Burt R, et al. Improving the quality of colorectal cancer screening: assessment of familial risk. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(3):754–60.PubMedPubMedCentral
86.
Berger H, Crane J, Farine D, Armson A, De La Ronde S, Keenan-Lindsay L, et al. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2002;24(11):894–912.PubMed
87.
Hudson SV, Hahn KA, Ohman-Strickland P, Cunningham RS, Miller SM, Crabtree BF. Breast, colorectal and prostate cancer screening for cancer survivors and non-cancer patients in community practices. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24 Suppl 2:S487–490.PubMed
88.
Nelson HD, Huffman LH, Fu R, Harris EL, Walker M, Bougatsos C. U.S. Preventive services task force evidence syntheses, formerly systematic evidence reviews. In: Genetic risk assessment and BRCA mutation testing for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2005.
89.
McBride CM, Koehly LM, Sanderson SC, Kaphingst KA. The behavioral response to personalized genetic information: will genetic risk profiles motivate individuals and families to choose more healthful behaviors? Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:89–103.PubMed
90.
Janz NK, Champion VL, Stretcher VJ. The health belief model. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Lewis FM, editors. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research and practice. 3rd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2002.
91.
Mokdad A, Marks J, Stroup DF, Gerberding J. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA. 2004;29:1238–45.
92.
Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART Study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364:11–7.
93.
Mozaffarian D, Kamineni A, Carnethon M, Djousse L, Mukamal K, Siscovick D. Lifestyle risk factors and new-onset diabetes mellitus in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Med Assoc. 2009;169:798–807.
94.
Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Liu S, Solomon CG, et al. Diet, lifestyle, and risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in women. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:790–7.PubMed
95.
Anand P, Kunnumakara AB, Sundaram C, Harkumar KB, Tharakan ST, Lai OS, et al. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharm Res. 2008;25:2097–116.PubMedPubMedCentral
96.
Danaei G, Vander Hoorn S, Lopez A, Murray CJ, Ezzati M. Causes of cancer in the world: Comparative risk assessment of nine behavioural and environmental risk factors. Lancet. 2005;366:19–25.
97.
Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381–95.PubMed
98.
Yaroch AL, Tooze J, Thompson FE, Blanck HM, Thompson OM, Colon-Ramos U, et al. Evaluation of three short dietary instruments to assess fruit and vegetable intake: the National Cancer Institute’s food attitudes and behaviors survey. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(10):1570–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
99.
Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL, Macera CA, Bouchard C, et al. Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 1995;273(5):402–7.PubMed
100.
Krosnick JA, Presser S. Question and questionnaire design. In: Wright J, Marsden P, editors. Handbook of survey research. Secondth ed. West Yorkshire: Emerald Group Publishing Limited; 2010.
101.
Riessman C. Narrative methods for the human sciences. Los Angeles: Sage; 2008.
102.
Smith J, Osborn M. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In: Smith J, editor. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 2003.
103.
Wolpert C, Speer M. Harnessing the power of the pedigree. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2005;50:189–96.PubMed
104.
105.
Rudd R. Health literacy skills of U.S. Adults. Am J Health Behav. 2007;31:S8–S18.PubMed
106.
Brown S, Culver J, Osann K, MacDonald D, Sand S, Thornton A, et al. Health literacy, numeracy, and interpretation of graphical breast cancer risk estimates. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;83:92–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
107.
Lipkus IM, Peters E. Understanding the role of numeracy in health: proposed theoretical framework and practical insights. Health Educ Behav. 2009;36:1065–81.PubMedPubMedCentral
108.
Nutbeam D. The evolving concept of health literacy. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67:2072–8.PubMed
109.
Reyna VF, Nelson WL, Han PK, Dieckmann NF. How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making. Psychol Bull. 2009;135:943–73.PubMedPubMedCentral
110.
Speros C. Health literacy: concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2005;50:633–40.PubMed
111.
Rogers RW. Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: A revised theory of protection motivation. In: Cacioppo J, Petty R, editors. Social psychphysiology. New York: Guilford Press; 1983.
112.
McBride CM, Persky S, Wagner LK, Faith MS, Ward DS. Effects of providing personalized feedback of child’s obesity risk on mothers’ food choices using a virtual reality buffet. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013;37(10):1322–7.
113.
Ashida S, Hadley DW, Goergen AF, Skapinsky KF, Devlin HC, Koehly LM. The importance of older family members in providing social resources and promoting cancer screening in families with a hereditary cancer syndrome. Gerontologist. 2011;51(6):833–42.PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Evaluation of the Families SHARE workbook: an educational tool outlining disease risk and healthy guidelines to reduce risk of heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer and colorectal cancer
Authors
Laura M. Koehly
Bronwyn A. Morris
Kaley Skapinsky
Andrea Goergen
Amanda Ludden
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2483-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

BMC Public Health 1/2015 Go to the issue

Research article

The association between social position and self-rated health in 10 deprived neighbourhoods

Research article

Effectiveness of a problem-solving based intervention to prolong the working life of ageing workers

Research article

Engaging families in physical activity research: a family-based focus group study

Research article

Predictors of marked weight gain in a population of health care and industrial workers following smoking cessation

Research article

Effect of motivational group interviewing-based safety education on Workers’ safety behaviors in glass manufacturing

Research article

Leisure time computer use and overweight development in young adults – a prospective study