Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research article

Anticipating rotavirus vaccines – a pre-vaccine assessment of incidence and economic burden of rotavirus hospitalizations among children < 5 year of age in Libya, 2012-13

Authors: Salem Alkoshi, Eyal Leshem, Umesh D Parashar, Maznah Dahlui

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Libya introduced rotavirus vaccine in October 2013. We examined pre-vaccine incidence of rotavirus hospitalizations and associated economic burden among children < 5 years in Libya to provide baseline data for future vaccine impact evaluations.

Methods

Prospective, hospital-based active surveillance for rotavirus was conducted at three public hospitals in two cities during August 2012 - April 2013. Clinical, demographic and estimated cost data were collected from children <5 hospitalized for diarrhea; stool specimens were tested for rotavirus with a commercial enzyme immunoassay. Annual rotavirus hospitalization incidence rate estimates included a conservative estimate based on the number of cases recorded during the nine months and an extrapolation to estimate 12 months incidence rate. National rotavirus disease and economic burden were estimated by extrapolating incidence and cost data to the national population of children aged <5 years.

Results

A total of 410 children <5 years of age with diarrhea were enrolled, of whom 239 (58%) tested positive rotavirus, yielding an incidence range of 418-557 rotavirus hospitalizations per 100,000 children <5 years of age. Most (86%) rotavirus cases were below two years of age with a distinct seasonal peak in winter (December-March) months. The total cost of treatment for each rotavirus patient was estimated at US$ 679 (range: 200–5,423). By extrapolation, we estimated 2,948 rotavirus hospitalizations occur each year in Libyan children <5 years of age, incurring total costs of US$ 2,001,662 (range: 1,931,726-2,094,005).

Conclusions

Rotavirus incurs substantial morbidity and economic burden in Libya, highlighting the potential value of vaccination of Libyan children against rotavirus.
Literature
1.
Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, the WHOcGRSN, et al. 2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(2):136–41.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Hanane K, Isla O, El Khoury Antoine DY, Mireille G. Burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the Middle Eastern and North African pediatric population. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2009;11(1):9.
3.
NCIDC, (National Center for Infectious disease Prevention and Control in Libya). Annual report for infectious disease in Libya. NCIDC: Surveillance department; 2009. p. 61–-64.
4.
Gray J, Vesikari T, Damme V. Economic Burden of Rotavirus Disease. Health Protection Agency, London, UK, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition: Centre for Infections; 2008.
5.
WHO. Guidelines for estimating the economic burden of diarrhoeal disease with focus on assessing the costs of rotavirus diarrhoea. The Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals: WHO; 2005. p. 2–5.
6.
Cortese MM, Parashar UD, Centers for Disease C, Prevention. Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Dept of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009;58:1–25.
7.
WHO. Generic protocol for monitoring impact of rotavirus vaccination on gastroenteritis disease burden and viral strains. Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals.2008.
8.
WHO. Rotavirus vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2009;51-52(84):533–40.
9.
Patel MM, Steele D, Gentsch JR, Wecker J, Glass RI, Parashar UD. Real-world impact of rotavirus vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30(1):S1.CrossRefPubMed
10.
CDC. Rotavirus vaccine. Atlanta: National Immunization Program, US Department of health and human service; 2010.
11.
12.
WHO. Rotavirus vaccines:an update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2009;84(50):533–40.
13.
General Authority for Information. Statistical Book. Tripoli, Libya: Libya Government; 2009.
14.
Abugalia M, Cuevas L, Kirby A, Dove W, Nakagomi O, Nakagomi T, et al. Clinical features and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus and norovirus infections in Libyan children. J Med Virol. 2011;83(10):1849–56.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Ghenghesh KS, Franka EA, Tawil KA, Abeid S, Ali MB, Taher IA, et al. Infectious acute diarrhea in Libyan children: causative agents, clinical features, treatment and prevention. Libyan J Infect Dis. 2008;2:10Ö19.
16.
Ghenghesh KS, Kreasta M, El-Bakoush M, Tobgi R. Rotaviruses-Associated gastroenteritis. Med J. 2002;2:12–7.
17.
Kalaf RN, Elahmer OR, Zorgani AA, Ghenghesh KS. Rotavirus in children with diarrhea in Tripoli, Libya. Libyan J Med. 2011;6:10.CrossRefPubMedCentral
18.
NCIDC, (National Center for Infectious disease Prevention and Control in Libya). Annual report for infectious disease in Libya. Surveillance department at NCIDC 2007;61-64.
19.
NCIDC, (National Center for Infectious disease Prevention and Control in Libya). Annual report for infectious disease in Libya. Surveillance department at NCIDC 2008; 61-64.
20.
Tucker AW, Haddix AC, Bresee JS, Holman RC, Parashar UD, Glass RI. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a rotavirus immunization program for the United States. JAMA. 1998;279(17):1371.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Constenla DO, Linhares AC, Rheingans RD, Antil LR, Waldman EA, da Silva LJ. Economic impact of a rotavirus vaccine in Brazil. J Health Popul Nutr. 2008;26(4):388.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Nelson EAS, Tam JS, Yu L-M, Ng Y-C, Bresee JS, Poon K-H, et al. Hospital-based study of the economic burden associated with rotavirus diarrhea in Hong Kong. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(Supplement 1):S64–70.CrossRefPubMed
23.
NCDC. Annual report for infectious disease in Libya. Surveillance department at NCDC 2007.
24.
Patel MM, Patzi M, Pastor D, Nina A, Roca Y, Alvarez L, et al. Effectiveness of monovalent rotavirus vaccine in Bolivia: case-control study. BMJ. 2013;346:f3726.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Cortes JE, Curns AT, Tate JE, Cortese MM, Patel MM, Zhou F, et al. Rotavirus vaccine and health care utilization for diarrhea in U.S. children. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(12):1108–17.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Anticipating rotavirus vaccines – a pre-vaccine assessment of incidence and economic burden of rotavirus hospitalizations among children < 5 year of age in Libya, 2012-13
Authors
Salem Alkoshi
Eyal Leshem
Umesh D Parashar
Maznah Dahlui
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1400-7

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

BMC Public Health 1/2015 Go to the issue

Research article

Antiretroviral treatment coverage in a rural district in Tanzania – a modeling study using empirical data

Research article

Quantifying disparities in cancer incidence and mortality of Australian residents of New South Wales (NSW) by place of birth: an ecological study

Research article

Human papillomavirus infection and cervical dysplasia in female sex workers in Northeast China: an observational study

Research article

Healthy or Unhealthy on Sale? A cross-sectional study on the proportion of healthy and unhealthy foods promoted through flyer advertising by supermarkets in the Netherlands

Research article

Food habits, physical activities and sedentary lifestyles of eutrophic and obese school children: a case–control study

Research article

Parental perceptions of barriers and facilitators to preventing child unintentional injuries within the home: a qualitative study