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BMC Psychiatry
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Research article

Regional brain volume predicts response to methylphenidate treatment in individuals with ADHD

Authors: Jung-Chi Chang, Hsiang-Yuan Lin, Jinglei Lv, Wen-Yih Issac Tseng, Susan Shur-Fen Gau

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Background

Despite the effectiveness of methylphenidate for treating ADHD, up to 30% of individuals with ADHD show poor responses to methylphenidate. Neuroimaging biomarkers to predict medication responses remain elusive. This study characterized neuroanatomical features that differentiated between clinically good and poor methylphenidate responders with ADHD.

Methods

Using a naturalistic observation design selected from a larger cohort, we included 79 drug-naive individuals (aged 6–42 years) with ADHD without major psychiatric comorbidity, who had acceptable baseline structural MRI data quality. Based on a retrospective chart review, we defined responders by individuals’ responses to at least one-month treatment with methylphenidate. A nonparametric mass-univariate voxel-based morphometric analysis was used to compare regional gray matter volume differences between good and poor responders. A multivariate pattern recognition based on the support vector machine was further implemented to identify neuroanatomical indicators to predict an individual’s response.

Results

63 and 16 individuals were classified in the good and poor responder group, respectively. Using the small-volume correction procedure based on the hypothesis-driven striatal and default-mode network masks, poor responders had smaller regional volumes of the left putamen as well as larger precuneus volumes compared to good responders at baseline. The machine learning approach identified that volumetric information among these two regions alongside the left frontoparietal regions, occipital lobes, and posterior/inferior cerebellum could predict clinical responses to methylphenidate in individuals with ADHD.

Conclusion

Our results suggest regional striatal and precuneus gray matter volumes play a critical role in mediating treatment responses in individuals with ADHD.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Regional brain volume predicts response to methylphenidate treatment in individuals with ADHD
Authors
Jung-Chi Chang
Hsiang-Yuan Lin
Jinglei Lv
Wen-Yih Issac Tseng
Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03040-5

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