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BMC Psychiatry
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Zika Virus | Research article

Implications of the clinical gestational diagnosis of ZIKV infection in the manifestation of symptoms of postpartum depression: a case-control study

Authors: Eleomar Vilela Moraes, Olegário Rosa Toledo, Flávia Lúcia David, Bruna Nascimento Godoi, Keila Araujo Monteiro, Thaisa Cimardi Deluqui, Thais Wérica Teixeira, Andiara Luiza Carvalho, Mariza Martins Avelino

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

Traumatic events can trigger postpartum depression. Pregnant women in Brazil today are facing an extremely stressful experience. Thus, the objective here was to analyze the prevalence of symptoms of depression in the immediate postpartum period (IPPD) and associate these symptoms with previous stressful, social, psychological, behavioral, obstetrical, clinical, violent and infectious events, particularly exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy.

Methods

This was a case-control study. The sample comprised 213 puerperal women treated in the maternity ward of a public reference hospital in the Araguaia River Valley of Mato Grosso and Goiás, Brazil. Severe IPPD symptoms were confirmed based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out using the Epi Info™ version 7.1.5 suite of software tools and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.

Results

A bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between “severe symptoms of IPPD” and the following variables: “clinical diagnosis of ZIKV during pregnancy” (OR = 13.36; 95% CI = 5.34–33.39); “was separated or divorced in the last year” (OR = 3.58; 95% CI = 1.42–8.99); “suffered an accident in the last year” (OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.12–9.82); “suffered emotional violence during pregnancy” (OR = 3.80; 95% CI = 1.81–7.99); “suffered physical violence during pregnancy” (OR = 11.86; 95% CI = 2.07–67.82); “fear of her partner” (OR = 17.90; 95% CI = 3.44–92.99); “dengue fever during pregnancy” (OR = 7.85; 95% CI: 1.66–37.05), and “has a family member diagnosed with mental illness” (OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.09–5.93). The multivariate analysis confirmed the association of severe PPD symptoms only with the variables of “clinical diagnosis of ZIKV during pregnancy” (OR = 19.82; 95% CI: 5.35–73.39) and “was separated or divorced in the last year” (OR = 3.92; 95% IC = 1.12–13.63).

Conclusions

Clinically diagnosed ZIKV during pregnancy may be one of the main events associated with severe IPPD symptoms, showing an almost 20-fold higher chance of occurrence than other factors.
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Metadata
Title
Implications of the clinical gestational diagnosis of ZIKV infection in the manifestation of symptoms of postpartum depression: a case-control study
Authors
Eleomar Vilela Moraes
Olegário Rosa Toledo
Flávia Lúcia David
Bruna Nascimento Godoi
Keila Araujo Monteiro
Thaisa Cimardi Deluqui
Thais Wérica Teixeira
Andiara Luiza Carvalho
Mariza Martins Avelino
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2157-9

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