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BMC Psychiatry
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Prevalence and correlates of probable common mental disorders in a population with high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe

Authors: Dixon Chibanda, Frances Cowan, Lorna Gibson, Helen A. Weiss, Crick Lund

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

In 2014 close to 10 million people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa were on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). The incidence of non-communicable diseases has increased markedly in PLWH as mortality is reduced due to use of HAART. Common mental disorders (CMD) are highly prevalent in PLWH. We aimed to determine factors associated with probable CMD and depression, assessed by 2 locally validated screening tools in a population with high prevalence of HIV in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Methods

We carried out a cross-sectional survey of a systematic random sample of patients utilizing the largest primary health care facility in Harare. Adults aged ≥18 years attending over a 2-week period were eligible, excluding those who were critically ill or unable to give written informed consent. Two locally validated screening tools the Shona symptom questionnaire (SSQ-14) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were administered by trained research assistants to identify probable CMD and depression.

Results

Of the 264 participants, 165 (62.5 %) were PLWH, and 92 % of these were on HAART. The prevalence of probable CMD (SSQ14 > = 9) and depression (PHQ9 > = 11) were higher among people living with HIV than among those without HIV (67.9 and 68.5 % vs 51.4 and 47.2 % respectively). Multivariable analysis showed female gender and recent negative life events to be associated with probable CMD and depression among PLWH (gender: OR = 2.32 95 % CI:1.07–5.05; negative life events: OR = 4.14; 95 % CI 1.17–14.49) and with depression (gender: OR = 1.84 95 % CI:0.85–4.02; negative life events: OR = 4.93.; 95 % CI 1.31–18.50)

Conclusion

Elevated scores on self-report measures for CMD and depression are highly prevalent in this high HIV prevalence population. There is need to integrate packages of care for CMD and depression in existing primary health care programs for HIV/AIDS.
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Metadata
Title
Prevalence and correlates of probable common mental disorders in a population with high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe
Authors
Dixon Chibanda
Frances Cowan
Lorna Gibson
Helen A. Weiss
Crick Lund
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0764-2

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