Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Pediatrics
Published in: BMC Pediatrics 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research article

Complementary feeding and effect of spontaneous fermentation on anti-nutritional factors of selected cereal-based complementary foods

Authors: Degnet Teferi Asres, Amanuel Nana, Girma Nega

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Malnutrition has been responsible directly or indirectly for 10.9 million deaths worldwide annually among children under five. Childhood malnutrition is highly related to poor nutritional quality diet in developing countries where there is limited access to animal based foods. Most foods consumed by young children are cereal based which contain high amounts of anti-nutritional factors. Fermentation is thought to significantly lower the content of anti-nutrients in cereal grains. This study therefore, aimed to determine complementary feeding practices and effect of spontaneous fermentation on anti-nutritional factors and mineral contents of selected cereals.

Methods

Cross sectional survey was conducted in Ebinat district to determine complementary feeding practices among 324 lactating mothers. Laboratory analysis was carried out for teff and wheat cereal grains to determine the effect of spontaneous fermentation on anti-nutrients as well as mineral contents.

Results

Prevalence of appropriate complementary feeding practice was 1.5%. Fermentation of the sampled cereals for 12 h significantly (p < 0.05) reduced total phytate and total tannin. The reduction continued and most of the reduction of phytate and tannin contents occurred during the 72 h of fermentation for both cereal samples. However, the reduction for some fermentation times was not statistically significant. A significant (p < 0.05) variation was also noticed in the total amounts of calcium, iron and zinc in both sampled cereals within the 72 h of fermentation.

Conclusion

Prevalence of appropriate complementary feeding practice was very low. There were significant reductions of phytate and tannin contents with concomitant increments of minerals after fermentation of cereals. Phytate: mineral ratios were significantly decreased after fermentation for all the parameters examined. It is recommended to ferment cereals while preparing complementary foods for children so as to enhance their micronutrient uptake.
Literature
1.
Dewey K. Guiding principles for complementary feeding of the breastfed child; 2002.
2.
Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, De Onis M, Ezzati M, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet. 2008;371(9608):243–60.CrossRef
3.
Brown K, Dewey K, Allen L. Complementary feeding of young children in developing countries: a review of current scientific knowledge; 1998.
4.
WHO and UNICEF. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding: World Health Organization; 2003.
5.
EDHS. Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey. Ethiopia: Central Statistical Agency Addis Ababa; 2014.
6.
Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, et al. Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost? Lancet. 2013;382(9890):452–77.CrossRef
7.
WHO. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: part 2: measurement. 2010.
8.
Lassi ZS, Das JK, Zahid G, Imdad A, Bhutta ZA. Impact of education and provision of complementary feeding on growth and morbidity in children less than 2 years of age in developing countries: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(3):1.
9.
Samia M, AbdelRahaman EEB, Abdullahi H. Effect of fermentation on antinutritional factors and HCl extractability of minerals of pearl millet cultivars. J Food Technol. 2005;3(4):516–22.
10.
Lopez HW, Leenhardt F, Coudray C, Remesy C. Minerals and phytic acid interactions: is it a real problem for human nutrition? Int J Food Sci Technol. 2002;37(7):727–39.CrossRef
11.
Neumann C, Harris DM, Rogers LM. Contribution of animal source foods in improving diet quality and function in children in the developing world. Nutr Res. 2002;22(1–2):193–220.CrossRef
12.
Siyoum AD, Hilhorst D, Van Uffelen G-J. Food aid and dependency syndrome in Ethiopia: local perceptions. J Hum Assistance 2012;20.
13.
Sindhu SC, Khetarpaul N. Probiotic fermentation of indigenous food mixture: effect on antinutrients and digestibility of starch and protein. J Food Compos Anal. 2001;14(6):601–9.CrossRef
14.
Greiner R, Konietzny U. Phytase for food application. Food Technol Biotechnol. 2006;44(2).
15.
Nout MR. Rich nutrition from the poorest–cereal fermentations in Africa and Asia. Food Microbiol. 2009;26(7):685–92.CrossRef
16.
ZK-J K. Fermentation of cereals for specific purpose. J Food Nutri Res. 2007;46(2):51–7.
17.
Mekbib E, Shumey A, Ferede S, Haile F. Magnitude and factors associated with appropriate complementary feeding among mothers having children 6–23 months-of-age in northern Ethiopia; a community-based cross-sectional study. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;(2, 2):36.
18.
EDHS, Ethiopian Demographic and Health survey 2011, central statistical agency, Addis Ababa. Ethiopia, ICF International Calverton, Maryland, USA. 2012.
19.
WHO. Infant and young child feeding: a tool for assessing national practices, policies and programmes. 2003.
20.
WHO. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6–8 November 2007 in Washington DC, USA: World Health Organization (WHO); 2008.
21.
Latta M, Eskin M. A simple and rapid colorimetric method for phytate determination. J Agric Food Chem. 1980;28(6):1313–5.CrossRef
22.
Vaintraub IA, Lapteva NA. Colorimetric determination of phytate in unpurified extracts of seeds and the products of their processing. Anal Biochem. 1988;175(1):227–30.CrossRef
23.
Burns RE. Method for estimation of tannin in grain sorghum 1. Agron J. 1971;63(3):511–2.CrossRef
24.
Maxson E, Rooney L. Evaluation of methods for tannin analysis in sorghum grain. Cereal Chem. 1972;49(6):719.
25.
Rao S, Swathi P, Unnikrishnan B, Hegde A. Study of complementary feeding practices among mothers of children aged six months to two years-a study from coastal South India. Australas Med J. 2011;4(5):252.CrossRef
26.
Kabir I, Khanam M, Agho KE, Mihrshahi S, Dibley MJ, Roy SK. Determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices in infant and young children in Bangladesh: secondary data analysis of demographic health survey 2007. Matern Child Nutr. 2012;8(s1):11–27.CrossRef
27.
Guracho YD, Amentie MA. Infant and young child feeding practices and associated factors in Benishangul Gumuz regional state, north West, Ethiopia.
28.
Henry CJ, Whiting SJ, Regassa N. Complementary feeding practices among infant and young children in southern Ethiopia: review of the findings from a Canada-Ethiopia project. J Agric Sci. 2015;7(10):29.
29.
Sisay W, Edris M, Tariku A. Determinants of timely initiation of complementary feeding among mothers with children aged 6–23 months in Lalibela District, Northeast Ethiopia, 2015. BMC public health. 2016;16(1):884.CrossRef
30.
Gessese D, Bolka H, Alemu Abajobir A, Tegabu D. The practice of complementary feeding and associated factors among mothers of children 6-23 months of age in Enemay district, Northwest Ethiopia. Nutr Food Sci. 2014;44(3):230–40.CrossRef
31.
Patel A, Pusdekar Y, Badhoniya N, Borkar J, Agho KE, Dibley MJ. Determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices in young children in India: secondary analysis of National Family Health Survey 2005–2006. Matern Child Nutr. 2012;8(s1):28–44.CrossRef
32.
Gichana MB. Nutritional knowledge of mothers and nutritional status of their children 6–59 months under Malezi bora Programme in Kawangware sub location. Dagoretti, Nairobi County: University of Nairobi. 2013.
33.
Mallard SR, Houghton LA, Filteau S, Mullen A, Nieuwelink J, Chisenga M, et al. Dietary Diversity at 6 Months of Age Is Associated with Subsequent Growth and Mediates the Effect of Maternal Education on Infant Growth in Urban Zambia, 2. J Nutr. 2014;144(11):1818–25.CrossRef
34.
Aemro M, Mesele M, Birhanu Z, Atenafu A. Dietary diversity and meal frequency practices among infant and young children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2011. Journal of nutrition and metabolism. 2013;2013.
35.
Kassa T, Meshesha B, Haji Y, Ebrahim J. Appropriate complementary feeding practices and associated factors among mothers of children age 6–23 months in southern Ethiopia, 2015. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16(1):131.CrossRef
36.
Beyene M, Worku AG, Wassie MM. Dietary diversity, meal frequency and associated factors among infant and young children in Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):1007.CrossRef
37.
Bhutta ZA, Soofi SB, Zaidi SSH, Habib A. Pakistan National Nutrition Survey, 2011; 2011.
38.
Saaka M, Larbi A, Mutaru S, Hoeschle-Zeledon I. Magnitude and factors associated with appropriate complementary feeding among children 6–23 months in northern Ghana. BMC Nutrition. 2016;2(1):2.CrossRef
39.
Belew AK, Ali BM, Abebe Z, Dachew BA. Dietary diversity and meal frequency among infant and young children: a community based study. Ital J Pediatr. 2017;43(1):73.CrossRef
40.
Senarath U, Agho KE, Akram DeS, Godakandage SS, Hazir T, Jayawickrama H, et al. comparisons of complementary feeding indicators and associated factors in children aged 6–23 months across five south Asian countries. Matern Child Nutr 2012;8(s1):89–106.
41.
Victor R, Baines SK, Agho KE, Dibley MJ. Factors associated with inappropriate complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in Tanzania. Matern Child Nutr. 2014;10(4):545–61.CrossRef
42.
Wedad HA, El Tinay AH, Mustafa AI, Babiker EE. Effect of fermentation, malt-pretreatment and cooking on antinutritional factors and protein digestibility of sorghum cultivars. Pak J Nutr. 2008;7(2):335–41.CrossRef
43.
Makokha A, Oniang'o R, Njoroge S, Kamar O. Effect of traditional fermentation and malting on phytic acid and mineral availability from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana) grain varieties grown in Kenya. Food Nutr Bull. 2002;23(3 Suppl):241–5.CrossRef
44.
Fagbemi T, Oshodi A, Ipinmoroti K. Processing effects on some antinutritional factors and in vitro multienzyme protein digestibility (IVPD) of three tropical seeds: breadnut (Artocarpus altilis), cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale) and fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis). Pak J Nutr. 2005;4(4):250–6.CrossRef
45.
Elyas SH, El Tinay AH, Yousif NE, Elsheikh EA. Effect of natural fermentation on nutritive value and in vitro protein digestibility of pearl millet. Food Chem. 2002;78(1):75–9.CrossRef
46.
Shimelis EA, Rakshit SK. Influence of natural and controlled fermentations on α-galactosides, antinutrients and protein digestibility of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Int J Food Sci Technol. 2008;43(4):658–65.CrossRef
47.
Osman MA. Effect of traditional fermentation process on the nutrient and antinutrient contents of pearl millet during preparation of Lohoh. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 2011;10(1):1–6.
48.
Obadina A, Akinola O, Shittu T, Bakare H. Effect of natural fermentation on the chemical and nutritional composition of fermented soymilk nono. Nigerian Food J. 2013;31(2):91–7.CrossRef
49.
Gabriel, R.A.O. Effect of fermentation on the nutritional and antinutritional content of Jack beans, Canavalia ensiformis L. MSc Thesis, The Federal University Technology, Akure, Nigeria. 2002.
50.
Hassan AB, Osman GA, Babiker EE. Effect of domestic processing on antinutrients and availability of protein and minerals of Lupin (Lupinus termis) seeds. J Food Technol. 2005;3:255–62.
51.
Ejigui J, Savoie L, Marin J, Desrosiers T. Beneficial changes and drawbacks of a traditional fermentation process on chemical composition and antinutritional factors of yellow maize (Zea mays). J Biol Sci. 2005;5(5):590–6.CrossRef
52.
Frontela C, Scarino ML, Ferruzza S, Ros G, Martínez C. Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model. World J Gastroenterol: WJG. 2009;15(16):1977.CrossRef
53.
Umeta M, West CE, Fufa H. Content of zinc, iron, calcium and their absorption inhibitors in foods commonly consumed in Ethiopia. J Food Compos Anal. 2005;18(8):803–17.CrossRef
54.
Adeyeye E, Arogundade L, Akintayo E, Aisida O, Alao P. Calcium, zinc and phytate interrelationships in some foods of major consumption in Nigeria. Food Chem. 2000;71(4):435–41.CrossRef
55.
Walingo MK. Indigenous food processing methods that improve zinc absorption and bioavailability of plant diets consumed by the Kenyan population. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev. 2009;9(1):523–35.
56.
Sharma A, Khetarpaul N. Effect of fermentation with whey on the HCl extractability of minerals from rice-dehulled blackgram blends. J Agric Food Chem. 1997;45(6):2258–61.CrossRef
57.
Urga K, Narasimha H. Phytate: zinc and phytate x calcium: zinc molar ratios in selected diets of Ethiopians. Bull Chem Soc Ethiop. 1998;12(1):1–8.CrossRef
58.
Odumodu C. Optimum fermentation period for micronutrients content of cereal based complementary food. Pak J Nutr. 2007;6(6):518–23.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Complementary feeding and effect of spontaneous fermentation on anti-nutritional factors of selected cereal-based complementary foods
Authors
Degnet Teferi Asres
Amanuel Nana
Girma Nega
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1369-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

BMC Pediatrics 1/2018 Go to the issue

Research article

Early features of Kawasaki disease with pyuria in febrile infants younger than 6 months

Research article

Prospective study of early and late outcomes of extremely low birthweight in Central Saudi Arabia

Technical advance

Predicting the severity of dengue fever in children on admission based on clinical features and laboratory indicators: application of classification tree analysis

Research article

Gluten-free diet may improve obstructive sleep apnea-related symptoms in children with celiac disease

Case report

Isolated unilateral temporalis muscle hypertrophy in a child: a case report with literature review

Case report

Chiari malformation type 1 presenting as unilateral progressive foot drop: a case report and review of literature