Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Pediatrics
Published in: BMC Pediatrics 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research article

Maternal socio-demographic and psychological predictors for risk of developmental delays among young children in Mongolia

Authors: Amarjargal Dagvadorj, Duurenbayar Ganbaatar, Olukunmi O. Balogun, Naohiro Yonemoto, Bayasgalantai Bavuusuren, Kenji Takehara, Rintaro Mori, Moe Akahira-Azuma

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Factors influencing child development are not well studied in developing settings, and especially in Mongolia. This cohort study examined the relationship between maternal socio-demographic and psychological conditions on risk of young child developmental delay.

Methods

A total of 150 children aged between 13 ~ 24 months old participated in this study. The participants were randomly selected from a pre-existing cohort of 1297 children who were involved in a study on infant bilirubin nomogram development conducted at a tertiary health facility in Mongolia between 2012 and 2013. Child development was evaluated using the Mongolian Rapid Baby Scale (MORBAS), a validated scale for child development. The potential factors for child developmental delay were assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire comprising of 52 questions. Fisher’s exact test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted.

Results

Seventeen (11%) out of the 150 children that participated in the study were at risk of developmental delay. There was a negative association between the risk of child developmental delay and higher maternal education (AOR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03–0.66). Increasing maternal age (AOR 1.12, 95%CI: 0.98–1.27), maternal depression symptoms (AOR 4.93, 95%CI: 0.93–26.10), child gender being female (AOR 0.25, 95%CI: 0.06–1.00) and being from single mother household (AOR 0.14, 95%CI: 0.01–1.11) were also predictors for risk of developmental delay – although the association was marginal.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that being of underprivileged social status, and poor psychological condition of mothers in Mongolia possibly increases the risk of child developmental delays. Interventions targeting these modifiable predictors are needed to develop prevention strategies for child developmental delay.
Literature
1.
Walker SP, Wachs TD, Gardner JM, Lozoff B, Wasserman GA, Pollitt E, Carter JA. Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries. Lancet. 2007;369(9556):145–57.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Gladstone M, Oliver C, Van den Broek N. Survival, morbidity, growth and developmental delay for babies born preterm in low and middle income countries - a systematic review of outcomes measured. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120566.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Howe TH, Sheu CF, Hsu YW, Wang TN, Wang LW. Predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes at preschool age for children with very low birth weight. Res Dev Disabil. 2016;48:231–41.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Levene MI, Sands C, Grindulis H, Moore JR. Comparison of two methods of predicting outcome in perinatal asphyxia. Lancet. 1986;1(8472):67–9.CrossRefPubMed
5.
6.
Vela HC, Martinez MF, Guzman IB. 64. Characteristics of visual evoked potentials in infants who had severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;127(9):e317.CrossRef
7.
Dennery PA, Seidman DS, Stevenson DK. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(8):581–90.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Bradley RH, Corwyn RF. Caring for children around the world: a view from HOME. Int J Behav Dev. 2005;29(6):468–78.CrossRef
9.
Parke RD, Ladd GW. Family-peer relationships: modes of linkage. New York: Routledge; 2016.
10.
Statistics Department of the Governor’s Office of Khuvsgul aimag, UNICEF. Khuvsgul Child Development Survey 2012 (MICS), Final Report. Khuvsgul aimag: UNICEF Mongolia; 2014.
11.
Sices L, Feudtner C, McLaughlin J, Drotar D, Williams M. How do primary care physicians manage children with possible developmental delays? A national survey with an experimental design. Pediatrics. 2004;113(2):274–82.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Akahira-Azuma M, Yonemoto N, Mori R, Hosokawa S, Matsushita T, Sukhbat K, et al. An hour-specific transcutaneous bilirubin nomogram for Mongolian neonates. Eur J Pediatr. 2015;174(10):1299–304.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Dagvadorj A, Takehara K, Bavuusuren B, Morisaki N, Gochoo S, Mori R. The quick and easy Mongolian rapid baby scale shows good concurrent validity and sensitivity. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(3):e94–9.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Pollock JI, Manaseki-Holland S, Patel V. Detection of depression in women of child-bearing age in non-western cultures: a comparison of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale and the self-reporting Questionnaire-20 in Mongolia. J Affect Disord. 2006;92(2–3):267–71.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Vyas S, Kumaranayake L. Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health Policy Plan. 2006;21(6):459–68.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Chong DS, Karlberg J. Refining the Apgar score cut-off point for newborns at risk. Acta Paediatr. 2004;93(1):53–9.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Ota E, Ganchimeg T, Morisaki N, Vogel JP, Pileggi C, Ortiz-Panozo E, Souza JP, Mori R. Risk factors and adverse perinatal outcomes among term and preterm infants born small-for-gestational-age: secondary analyses of the WHO multi-country survey on maternal and newborn health. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e105155.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Bolton P, Pickles A, Harrington R, Macdonald H, Rutter M. Season of birth: issues, approaches and findings for autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1992;33(3):509–30.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Landau EC, Cicchetti DV, Klin A, Volkmar FR. Season of birth in autism: a fiction revisited. J Autism Dev Disord. 1999;29(5):385–93.CrossRefPubMed
20.
21.
Takehara K, Dagvadorj A, Hikita N, Sumya N, Ganhuyag S, Bavuusuren B, et al. Maternal and child health in Mongolia at 3 years after childbirth: a population-based cross-sectional descriptive study. Matern Child Health J. 2015:1–10.
22.
Harding JF, Morris PA, Hughes D. The relationship between maternal education and Children's academic outcomes: a theoretical framework. J Marriage Fam. 2015;77(1):60–76.CrossRef
23.
Geldsetzer P, Williams TC, Kirolos A, Mitchell S, Ratcliffe LA, Kohli-Lynch MK, Bischoff EJL, Cameron S, Campbell H. The recognition of and care seeking behaviour for childhood illness in developing countries: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e93427.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Magnuson KA, Sexton HR, Davis-Kean PE, Huston AC. Increases in maternal education and young children's language skills. Merrill Palmer Q. 2009;55(3):319–50.CrossRef
25.
Hoff-Ginsberg E. Mother-child conversation in different social classes and communicative settings. Child Dev. 1991;62(4):782–96.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Kalipeni E. Determinants of infant mortality in Malawi: a spatial perspective. Soc Sci Med. 1993;37(2):183–98.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Cooper PJ, Tomlinson M, Swartz L, Woolgar M, Murray L, Molteno C. Post-partum depression and the mother-infant relationship in a south African peri-urban settlement. Br J Psychiatry. 1999;175(6):554–8.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Pearson RM, Bornstein MH, Cordero M, Scerif G, Mahedy L, Evans J, Abioye A, Stein A. Maternal perinatal mental health and offspring academic achievement at age 16: the mediating role of childhood executive function. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;
29.
Jung V, Short R, Letourneau N, Andrews D. Interventions with depressed mothers and their infants: modifying interactive behaviours. J Affect Disord. 2007;98(3):199–205.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Paris R, Bolton RE, Weinberg MK. Postpartum depression, suicidality, and mother-infant interactions. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2009;12(5):309.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Stein A, Woolley H, Senior R, Hertzmann L, Lovel M, Lee J, et al. Treating disturbances in the relationship between mothers with bulimic eating disorders and their infants: a randomized, controlled trial of video feedback. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(5):899–906.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Miyake A, Friedman NP. The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions four general conclusions. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2012;21(1):8–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Witzki AH, Howerter A, Wager TD. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cogn Psychol. 2000;41(1):49–100.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Ryan RM, Claessens A, Markowitz AJ. Associations between family structure change and child behavior problems: the moderating effect of family income. Child Dev. 2015;86(1):112–27.CrossRefPubMed
35.
McLoyd VC, Jayaratne TE, Ceballo R, Borquez J. Unemployment and work interruption among African American single mothers: effects on parenting and adolescent socioemotional functioning. Child Dev. 1994;65(2):562–89.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Murry VM, Brody GH. Self-regulation and self-worth of black children reared in economically stressed, rural, single mother-headed families. The Contribution of Risk and Protective Factors J Fam Issues. 1999;20(4):458–84.
Metadata
Title
Maternal socio-demographic and psychological predictors for risk of developmental delays among young children in Mongolia
Authors
Amarjargal Dagvadorj
Duurenbayar Ganbaatar
Olukunmi O. Balogun
Naohiro Yonemoto
Bayasgalantai Bavuusuren
Kenji Takehara
Rintaro Mori
Moe Akahira-Azuma
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1017-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

BMC Pediatrics 1/2018 Go to the issue

Study protocol

Rehabilitation of Executive function in Paediatric Traumatic brain injury (REPeaT): protocol for a randomized controlled trial for treating working memory and decision-making

Study protocol

Physiotherapy plus conventional treatment versus conventional treatment only in the treatment of functional constipation in children: design of a randomized controlled trial and cost-effectiveness study in primary care

Research article

Total and regional bone mineral and tissue composition in female adolescent athletes: comparison between volleyball players and swimmers

Correction

Correction to: Childhood disability in Malawi: a population based assessment using the key informant method

Research article

Predictors of breastfeeding duration in a predominantly Māori population in New Zealand

Research article

Can echocardiographic screening in the early days of life detect critical congenital heart disease among apparently healthy newborns?