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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Insulins | Research article

Maternal BMI and nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcomes at birth in Bangladesh

Authors: Bishwajit Bhowmik, Tasnima Siddique, Anindita Majumder, Ibrahimu Mdala, Israt A. Hossain, Zahid Hassan, Ishrat Jahan, Nayla Cristina do V. Moreira, Abdul Alim, Abdul Basit, Graham A. Hitman, Abul Kalam A. Khan, Akhtar Hussain

Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

To assess the maternal characteristics and nutritional status according to body mass index (BMI) at 6–14 weeks of gestation and to examine the relationship between maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal birth weight.

Methods

The investigation was conducted from April 2011 to June 2012 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 498 primigravida pregnant women participated in the study; women with known diabetes or previous gestational diabetes (GDM) were excluded. Maternal demographic details, pregnancy history and anthropometric measurements were obtained from the mother at the recruitment (6–14 weeks), 2nd visit between 24 and 28 week of gestation and 3rd visit at delivery. Cord venous blood samples of newborns (n = 138) were collected immediately after delivery for blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, leptin and micronutrients including serum folate, ferritin, homocysteine, vitamin D, and vitamin B12.

Results

The prevalence at 6–14 weeks of pregnancy of anemia (Hb, < 11 g/dl), vitamin D deficiency (< 30 nmol/l), vitamin B12 deficiency (< 200 pg/ml), high homocysteine level (> 15 μmol/l), folate deficiency (< 3 ng/ml) and iron deficiency (ferritin < 13 ng/ml) were 19.5, 46.4, 15.1, 1.2, 0.4, and 12.7% respectively. GDM was found in 18.4% women. The prevalence of GDM was higher in overweight women (28.1%) than underweight (16.7%) and normal weight women (16.0%: p <  0.05). The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery were 11.6 and 5.8% respectively and was not related to maternal BMI at 6–14 weeks of pregnancy. Maternal height was positively (p = 0.02), and homocysteine was negatively associated with neonatal birth weight (p = 0.02). In addition, the newborn’s cord serum folate was positively (p = 0.03) and cord triglyceride was negatively (p = 0.03) associated with neonatal birth weight.

Conclusion

Multiple maternal micronutrient deficiencies were present in early pregnancy. Maternal BMI in early pregnancy was not related to preterm deliveries or LBW. LBW was associated with lower folate, elevated cord triglyceride concentrations of the neonates and mother’s height and increase in maternal homocysteine levels. The data has important implications for pregnancy care in Bangladesh and other similar communities.
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Metadata
Title
Maternal BMI and nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcomes at birth in Bangladesh
Authors
Bishwajit Bhowmik
Tasnima Siddique
Anindita Majumder
Ibrahimu Mdala
Israt A. Hossain
Zahid Hassan
Ishrat Jahan
Nayla Cristina do V. Moreira
Abdul Alim
Abdul Basit
Graham A. Hitman
Abul Kalam A. Khan
Akhtar Hussain
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2393
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2571-5

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