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BMC Nephrology

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Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Dissolved molecular hydrogen (H₂) in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) solutions preserves mesothelial cells and peritoneal membrane integrity

Authors: Masaaki Nakayama, Wan-Jun Zhu, Kimio Watanabe, Ayano Gibo, Ali M. Sherif, Shigeru Kabayama, Sadayoshi Ito

Published in: BMC Nephrology | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

Background

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is used as renal replacement therapy in patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, peritoneal membrane failure remains problematic and constitutes a critical cause of PD discontinuation. Recent studies have revealed the unique biological action of molecular hydrogen (H₂) as an anti-oxidant, which ameliorates tissue injury. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of H₂ on the peritoneal membrane of experimental PD rats.

Method

Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups (n = 8–11 each) receiving different test solutions: control group (no treatment), PD group (commercially available lactate-based neutral 2.5% glucose PD solution), and H₂PD group (PD solution with dissolved H₂ at 400 ppb). Furthermore, the influence of iron (FeCl₃: 5 μM: inducer of oxidative cellular injury) in the respective PD solutions was also examined (Fe-PD and Fe-H₂PD groups). The H₂PD solution was manufactured by bathing a PD bag in H₂-oversaturated water created by electrolysis of the water. Twenty mL of the test solutions were intraperitoneally injected once a day for 10 days. Parietal peritoneum samples and cells collected from the peritoneal surface following treatment with trypsin were subjected to analysis.

Results

In the PD group as compared to controls, a mild but significant sub-mesothelial thickening was observed, with increase in the number of cells in the peritoneal surface tissue that were positive for apoptosis, proliferation and vimentin, as seen by immunostaining. There were significantly fewer of such changes in the H₂PD group, in which there was a dominant presence of M2 (CD163+) macrophages in the peritoneum. The Fe-PD group showed a significant loss of mesothelial cells with sub-mesothelial thickening, these changes being ameliorated in the Fe-H₂PD group.

Conclusion

H₂-dissolved PD solutions could preserve mesothelial cells and peritoneal membrane integrity in PD rats. Clinical application of H₂ in PD could be a novel strategy for protection of peritoneal tissue during PD treatment.

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Title: Dissolved molecular hydrogen (H2) in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) solutions preserves mesothelial cells and peritoneal membrane integrity
Authors: Masaaki Nakayama
Wan-Jun Zhu
Kimio Watanabe
Ayano Gibo
Ali M. Sherif
Shigeru Kabayama
Sadayoshi Ito
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Nephrology / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2369
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-017-0741-0

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