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Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Prevalence and risk factors for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) among maintenance hemodialysis patients

Authors: Rilma F. S. Santos, Gildásio C. Conceição, Márcia S. Martins, Angiolina Kraychete, Maria A. C. Penalva, Edgar M. Carvalho, Antonio Alberto Lopes, Paulo Novis Rocha

Published in: BMC Nephrology | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

Background

Infection with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), although asymptomatic in most cases, can lead to potentially grave consequences, such as adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis. Its prevalence varies widely across different populations and geographic regions. A population-based study in the city of Salvador, located in the Northeast region of Brazil, showed an overall prevalence of HTLV-1 seropositivity of 1.7%. Blood borne virus infections are recognized as important hazards for patients and staff in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) units but most studies focus on hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses. There are scarce data about HTLV-1 infection in the MHD population. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HTLV-1 infection among MHD patients in the city of Salvador-Bahia, Brazil.

Methods

We conducted a multi-center, cross-sectional study nested in a prospective cohort of MHD patients enrolled from four outpatient clinics. HTLV-1 screening was performed with ELISA and positive cases were confirmed by Western Blot. Factors associated with HTLV-1 seropositivity were identified by multivariable logistic regression.

Results

605 patients were included in the study. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was 2.48% (15/605), which was similar to that of hepatitis B [1.98% (12/605)] and C [3.14% (19/605)] viruses in our sample. HTLV-1 seropositivity was positively associated with age [prevalence odds ratio (POR) 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.08], unmarried status (POR 3.65; 95% CI 1.13–11.65), and history of blood transfusion (POR 3.35; 95% CI 1.01–11.13).

Conclusions

The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in a sample of MHD patients was similar to that of other viral infections, such as hepatitis B and C. Our data revealed that MHD patients who are older, unmarried or who have received blood transfusions are at higher risk for HTLV-1 infection.

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Title: Prevalence and risk factors for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) among maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Rilma F. S. Santos
Gildásio C. Conceição
Márcia S. Martins
Angiolina Kraychete
Maria A. C. Penalva
Edgar M. Carvalho
Antonio Alberto Lopes
Paulo Novis Rocha
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Nephrology / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2369
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-017-0484-y

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Prevalence and risk factors for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) among maintenance hemodialysis patients

Abstract

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Results

Conclusions

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