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BMC Infectious Diseases

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Open Access 01-12-2020 | Influenza Virus | Research article

Antibiotic utilization in hospitalized children under 2 years of age with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus infection – a comparative, retrospective analysis

Authors: Cihan Papan, Meike Willersinn, Christel Weiß, Michael Karremann, Horst Schroten, Tobias Tenenbaum

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2020

Abstract

Background

Infections due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Influenza virus (FLU) are leading causes of hospitalization in young children. Yet, there is little data on factors associated with antibiotic use in these patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of all patients below 2 years of age hospitalized between 2014 and 2018. We compared children with RSV infection to children with FLU infection analyzing clinical characteristics and factors contributing to an increased rate of antimicrobial utilization.

Results

RSV infection was diagnosed in 476/573 (83.1%), FLU in 95/573 (16.6%), and RSV-FLU-co-infection in 2/573 (0.3%) patients. Median age was lower for RSV compared to FLU (4 vs. 12 months; p < 0.0001). Children with RSV had longer hospitalization (5 vs. 4 days; p = 0.0023) and needed oxygen more frequently (314/476 vs. 23/95; p < 0.0001) than FLU patients. There was no significant difference in the overall antibiotic utilization between RSV and FLU patients (136/476 vs. 21/95; p = 0.2107). Logistic regression analyses revealed that septic appearance on admission (odds ratio [OR] 8.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–54.1), acute otitis media (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.1–9.4), a longer oxygen therapy (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.13–1.74) and a higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5–2.0) were significantly associated with antibiotic use in both groups, but not age or pneumonia.

Conclusions

In our cohort, the rate of antibiotic utilization was comparable between RSV and FLU patients, while for both groups distinct clinical presentation and a high CRP value were associated with higher antibiotic use.

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Title: Antibiotic utilization in hospitalized children under 2 years of age with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus infection – a comparative, retrospective analysis
Authors: Cihan Papan
Meike Willersinn
Christel Weiß
Michael Karremann
Horst Schroten
Tobias Tenenbaum
Publication date: 01-12-2020
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Influenza Virus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Acute Otitis Media
Antibiotic
Influenza
Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05336-5

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Antibiotic utilization in hospitalized children under 2 years of age with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus infection – a comparative, retrospective analysis

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Conclusions

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