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Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Japanese encephalitis vaccine-facilitated dengue virus infection-enhancement antibody in adults

Authors: Yuka Saito, Meng Ling Moi, Nozomi Takeshita, Chang-Kweng Lim, Hajime Shiba, Kuniaki Hosono, Masayuki Saijo, Ichiro Kurane, Tomohiko Takasaki

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2016

Abstract

Background

Dengue virus (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) belong to the genus Flavivirus, and infection with a virus within this genus induces antibodies that are cross-reactive to other flaviviruses. Particularly in DENV infection, antibodies to DENV possess two competing activities: neutralizing activity and infection-enhancing activity. These antibody activities are considered central in modulating clinical outcomes of DENV infection. Here, we determined the neutralizing and infection-enhancing activity of DENV cross-reactive antibodies in adults before and after JE vaccination.

Methods

Participants were 77 Japanese adults who had received a single dose of inactivated Vero cell-derived JE vaccine. A total of 154 serum samples were obtained either before or approximately a month after a single dose of JE vaccination. The antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity to each of four DENV serotypes and the neutralizing activities to DENV and to JEV were determined in each of the serum samples by using baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and FcγR-expressing BHK cells.

Results

A total of 18 post-JE immunization samples demonstrated cross-reactivity to DENV in an anti-DENV IgG ELISA. DENV neutralizing antibodies were not detected after JE vaccination in this study. However, undiluted post-JE vaccination serum samples from 26 participants demonstrated monotypic and heterotypic ADE activity to DENV. ADE activity was also observed in 1:10-diluted samples from 35 of the JE vaccine recipients (35/77, 45 %).

Conclusion

In summary, JE vaccination induced DENV cross-reactive antibodies, and at sub-neutralizing levels, these DENV cross-reactive antibodies possess DENV infection-enhancement activity. The results also indicate that cross-reactivity to DENV is associated with high levels of JEV neutralizing antibodies and, the DENV cross-reactivity is further facilitated by JE vaccination.

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Title: Japanese encephalitis vaccine-facilitated dengue virus infection-enhancement antibody in adults
Authors: Yuka Saito
Meng Ling Moi
Nozomi Takeshita
Chang-Kweng Lim
Hajime Shiba
Kuniaki Hosono
Masayuki Saijo
Ichiro Kurane
Tomohiko Takasaki
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1873-8

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