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The Journal of Headache and Pain
Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Review article

Male and female sex hormones in primary headaches

Authors: Zoë Delaruelle, Tatiana A. Ivanova, Sabrina Khan, Andrea Negro, Raffaele Ornello, Bianca Raffaelli, Alberto Terrin, Dimos D. Mitsikostas, Uwe Reuter, on behalf of the European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies (EHF-SAS)

Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Background

The three primary headaches, tension-type headache, migraine and cluster headache, occur in both genders, but all seem to have a sex-specific prevalence. These gender differences suggest that both male and female sex hormones could have an influence on the course of primary headaches. This review aims to summarise the most relevant and recent literature on this topic.

Methods

Two independent reviewers searched PUBMED in a systematic manner. Search strings were composed using the terms LH, FSH, progesteron*, estrogen*, DHEA*, prolactin, testosterone, androgen*, headach*, migrain*, “tension type” or cluster. A timeframe was set limiting the search to articles published in the last 20 years, after January 1st 1997.

Results

Migraine tends to follow a classic temporal pattern throughout a woman’s life corresponding to the fluctuation of estrogen in the different reproductive stages. The estrogen withdrawal hypothesis forms the basis for most of the assumptions made on this behalf. The role of other hormones as well as the importance of sex hormones in other primary headaches is far less studied.

Conclusion

The available literature mainly covers the role of sex hormones in migraine in women. Detailed studies especially in the elderly of both sexes and in cluster headache and tension-type headache are warranted to fully elucidate the role of these hormones in all primary headaches.
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Metadata
Title
Male and female sex hormones in primary headaches
Authors
Zoë Delaruelle
Tatiana A. Ivanova
Sabrina Khan
Andrea Negro
Raffaele Ornello
Bianca Raffaelli
Alberto Terrin
Dimos D. Mitsikostas
Uwe Reuter
on behalf of the European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies (EHF-SAS)
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
Springer Milan
Published in
The Journal of Headache and Pain / Issue 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1129-2369
Electronic ISSN: 1129-2377
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0922-7

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