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The Journal of Headache and Pain
Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Restless legs syndrome and tension-type headache: a population-based study

Authors: Pil-Wook Chung, Soo-Jin Cho, Won-Joo Kim, Kwang Ik Yang, Chang-Ho Yun, Min Kyung Chu

Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

Recent studies have shown a significant association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and primary headache disorders. Nevertheless, information regarding the association between tension-type headache (TTH) and RLS is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between RLS and TTH in a population-based sample.

Methods

We selected a stratified random population sample of Koreans aged 19–69 years and assessed them using a semi-structured interview designed to identify RLS, headache type, and clinical characteristics of TTH. We determined the prevalence and clinical impact of RLS in participants with TTH.

Results

Of the 2695 participants, 570 (21.2%) and 142 (5.3%) were classified as having TTH and RLS, respectively. Among the 570 individuals with TTH, 113 (19.8%) also met the criteria for probable migraine (PM). The prevalence of RLS was significantly higher among individuals with TTH than among those with non-headache (6.0% vs 3.6%, p = 0.018). The prevalence of RLS was significantly higher in subjects with TTH who fulfilled PM criteria than in those with non-headache participants (8.0% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.018). However, RLS prevalence in individuals with TTH who did not fulfil PM criteria did not differ from that of participants with non-headache (5.5% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.063). TTH participants with RLS had higher visual analogue scale scores for headache intensity (5.1 ± 2.0 vs. 4.3 ± 1.8, p = 0.038), and higher prevalence of anxiety (20.6% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.022) and depression (14.7% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.002) than TTH participants without RLS. Multivariable analyses revealed that headache aggravation by movement (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–5.2) and depression (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.1–11.4) were significant indicators of RLS among individuals with TTH.

Conclusions

The prevalence of RLS was higher among individuals with TTH than among those with non-headache. Some clinical presentations varied in accordance with the presence of RLS among participants with TTH.
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Metadata
Title
Restless legs syndrome and tension-type headache: a population-based study
Authors
Pil-Wook Chung
Soo-Jin Cho
Won-Joo Kim
Kwang Ik Yang
Chang-Ho Yun
Min Kyung Chu
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
Springer Milan
Published in
The Journal of Headache and Pain / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1129-2369
Electronic ISSN: 1129-2377
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-017-0754-x

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