Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Arthritis Research & Therapy
Published in: Arthritis Research & Therapy 4/2010

01-08-2010 | Review

Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue diseases: evolving concepts of pathogenesis and management

Authors: Flavia V Castelino, John Varga

Published in: Arthritis Research & Therapy | Issue 4/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a challenging clinical entity associated with multiple connective tissue diseases, and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Effective therapies for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) are still lacking. Multidisciplinary clinics dedicated to the early diagnosis and improved management of patients with CTD-ILD are now being established. There is rapid progress in understanding and identifying the effector cells, the proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators, and the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of CTD-ILD. Serum biomarkers may provide new insights as risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis and as measures of disease progression. Despite these recent advances, the management of patients with CTD-ILD remains suboptimal. Further studies are therefore urgently needed to better understand these conditions, and to develop effective therapeutic interventions.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Castelino FV, Goldberg H, Dellaripa PF: The impact of rheumatologic evaluation on the management of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) [abstract 637]. American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting. 2008, San Francisco, CA
2.
McNearney TA, Reveille JD, Fischbach M, Friedman AW, Lisse JR, Goel N, Tan FK, Zhou X, Ahn C, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Fritzler M, Arnett FC, Mayes MD: Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis: associations with genetic, serologic, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors. Arthritis Rheum. 2007, 57: 318-326. 10.1002/art.22532.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Kane GC, Varga J, Conant EF, Spirn PW, Jimenez S, Fish JE: Lung involvement in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): relation to classification based on extent of skin involvement or autoantibody status. Respir Med. 1996, 90: 223-230. 10.1016/S0954-6111(96)90291-7.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Walker UA, Tyndall A, Czirjak L, Denton C, Farge-Bancel D, Kowal-Bielecka O, Muller-Ladner U, Bocelli-Tyndall C, Matucci-Cerinic M: Clinical risk assessment of organ manifestations in systemic sclerosis: a report from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials And Research group database. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007, 66: 754-763. 10.1136/ard.2006.062901.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
5.
Yanaba K, Hasegawa M, Takehara K, Sato S: Comparative study of serum surfactant protein-D and KL-6 concentrations in patients with systemic sclerosis as markers for monitoring the activity of pulmonary fibrosis. J Rheumatol. 2004, 31: 1112-1120.PubMed
6.
Ober C, Chupp GL: The chitinase and chitinase-like proteins: a review of genetic and functional studies in asthma and immune-mediated diseases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009, 9: 401-408. 10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283306533.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
7.
Gotway MB, Freemer MM, King TE: Challenges in pulmonary fibrosis. 1: use of high resolution CT scanning of the lung for the evaluation of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Thorax. 2007, 62: 546-553. 10.1136/thx.2004.040022.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
8.
Mauviel A: Transforming growth factor-beta: a key mediator of fibrosis. Methods Mol Med. 2005, 117: 69-80.PubMed
9.
10.
Lakos G, Takagawa S, Chen SJ, Ferreira AM, Han G, Masuda K, Wang XJ, DiPietro LA, Varga J: Targeted disruption of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling modulates skin fibrosis in a mouse model of scleroderma. Am J Pathol. 2004, 165: 203-217.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
11.
Zhao J, Shi W, Wang YL, Chen H, Bringas P, Datto MB, Frederick JP, Wang XF, Warburton D: Smad3 deficiency attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002, 282: L585-L593.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Ishida W, Mori Y, Lakos G, Sun L, Shan F, Bowes S, Josiah S, Lee WC, Singh J, LE Ling, Varga J: Intracellular TGF-β receptor blockade abrogates Smad-dependent fibroblast activation in vitro and in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 2006, 126: 1733-1744. 10.1038/sj.jid.5700303.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Chen Y, Shi-wen X, Eastwood M, Black CM, Denton CP, Leask A, Abraham DJ: Contribution of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (transforming growth factor beta receptor type I) signaling to the fibrotic phenotype of scleroderma fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum. 2006, 54: 1309-1316. 10.1002/art.21725.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Daniels CE, Wilkes MC, Edens M, Kottom TJ, Murphy SJ, Limper AH, Leof EB: Imatinib mesylate inhibits the profibrogenic activity of TGF-β and prevents bleomycin-mediated lung fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2004, 114: 1308-1316.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
15.
Goldman JM, Melo JV: BCR-ABL in chronic myelogenous leukemia - how does it work?. Acta Haematol. 2008, 119: 212-217. 10.1159/000140633.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Wilkes MC, Leof EB: Transforming growth factor beta activation of c-Abl is independent of receptor internalization and regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and PAK2 in mesenchymal cultures. J Biol Chem. 2006, 281: 27846-27854. 10.1074/jbc.M603721200.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Distler JH, Jungel A, Huber LC, Schulze-Horsel U, Zwerina J, Gay RE, Michel BA, Hauser T, Schett G, Gay S, Distler O: Imatinib mesylate reduces production of extracellular matrix and prevents development of experimental dermal fibrosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007, 56: 311-322. 10.1002/art.22314.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Soria A, Cario-Andre M, Lepreux S, Rezvani HR, Pasquet JM, Pain C, Schaeverbeke T, Mahon FX, Taieb A: The effect of imatinib (Glivec) on scleroderma and normal dermal fibroblasts: a preclinical study. Dermatology. 2008, 216: 109-117. 10.1159/000111507.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Bhattacharyya S, Ishida W, Wu M, Wilkes M, Mori Y, Hinchcliff M, Leof E, Varga J: A non-Smad mechanism of fibroblast activation by transforming growth factor-beta via c-Abl and Egr-1: selective modulation by imatinib mesylate. Oncogene. 2009, 28: 1285-1297. 10.1038/onc.2008.479.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
20.
Daniels CE, Lasky JA, Limper AH, Mieras K, Gabor E, Schroeder DR: Imatinib treatment for IPF: randomized placebo controlled trial results. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009, 181: 604-610. 10.1164/rccm.200906-0964OC.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Thiel G, Cibelli G: Regulation of life and death by the zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1. J Cell Physiol. 2002, 193: 287-292. 10.1002/jcp.10178.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Wu M, Melichian DS, de la Garza M, Gruner K, Bhattacharyya S, Barr L, Nair A, Shahrara S, Sporn PH, Mustoe TA, Tourtellotte WG, Varga J: Essential roles for early growth response transcription factor Egr-1 in tissue fibrosis and wound healing. Am J Pathol. 2009, 175: 1041-1055. 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090241.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
23.
Boon K, Bailey NW, Yang J, Steel MP, Groshong S, Kervitsky D, Brown KK, Schwarz MI, Schwartz DA: Molecular phenotypes distinguish patients with relatively stable from progressive idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). PLoS One. 2009, 4: e5134-10.1371/journal.pone.0005134.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
24.
Bhattacharyya S, Chen SJ, Wu M, Warner-Blankenship M, Ning H, Lakos G, Mori Y, Chang E, Nihijima C, Takehara K, Feghali-Bostwick C, Varga J: Smad-independent transforming growth factor-beta regulation of early growth response-1 and sustained expression in fibrosis: implications for scleroderma. Am J Pathol. 2008, 173: 1085-1099. 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080382.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
25.
Yasuoka H, Hsu E, Ruiz XD, Steinman RA, Choi AM, Feghali-Bostwick CA: The fibrotic phenotype induced by IGFBP-5 is regulated by MAPK activation and egr-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Am J Pathol. 2009, 175: 605-615. 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080991.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
26.
Ghosh AK, Bhattacharyya S, Lakos G, Chen SJ, Mori Y, Varga J: Disruption of transforming growth factor beta signaling and profibrotic responses in normal skin fibroblasts by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Arthritis Rheum. 2004, 50: 1305-1318. 10.1002/art.20104.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Wei J, Ghosh A, Komura K, Qi-Qunag Hunag, Sargent J, Jain M, Whitfield M, Feghali-Bostwick C, Varga J: Smad-dependent inhibition of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma expression and defective expression and function in systemic sclerosis: a novel mechanism for persistent fibrogenesis. PLoS One. 2010
28.
Sime PJ: The antifibrogenic potential of PPARgamma ligands in pulmonary fibrosis. J Investig Med. 2008, 56: 534-538.PubMed
29.
Milam JE, Keshamouni VG, Phan SH, Hu B, Gangireddy SR, Hogaboam CM, Standiford TJ, Thannickal VJ, Reddy RC: PPAR-γ agonists inhibit profibrotic phenotypes in human lung fibroblasts and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008, 294: L891-L901. 10.1152/ajplung.00333.2007.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Clozel M, Salloukh H: Role of endothelin in fibrosis and anti-fibrotic potential of bosentan. Ann Med. 2005, 37: 2-12. 10.1080/07853890410018925.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Hocher B, Schwarz A, Fagan KA, Thone-Reineke C, El-Hag K, Kusserow H, Elitok S, Bauer C, Neumayer HH, Rodman DM, Theuring F: Pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung inflammation in ET-1 transgenic mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000, 23: 19-26.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Wendel M, Petzold A, Koslowski R, Kasper M, Augstein A, Knels L, Bleyl JU, Koch T: Localization of endothelin receptors in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat. Histochem Cell Biol. 2004, 122: 507-517. 10.1007/s00418-004-0708-7.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Shi-Wen X, Renzoni EA, Kennedy L, Howat S, Chen Y, Pearson JD, Bou-Gharios G, Dashwood MR, du Bois RM, Black CM, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Leask A: Endogenous endothelin-1 signaling contributes to type I collagen and CCN2 overexpression in fibrotic fibroblasts. Matrix Biol. 2007, 26: 625-632. 10.1016/j.matbio.2007.06.003.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Tager AM, LaCamera P, Shea BS, Campanella GS, Selman M, Zhao Z, Polosukhin V, Wain J, Karimi-Shah BA, Kim ND, Hart WK, Pardo A, Blackwell TS, Xu Y, Chun J, Luster AD: The lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA1 links pulmonary fibrosis to lung injury by mediating fibroblast recruitment and vascular leak. Nat Med. 2008, 14: 45-54. 10.1038/nm1685.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Hamaguchi Y, Fujimoto M, Matsushita T, Hasegawa M, Takehara K, Sato S: Elevated serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis: possible role in development of fibrosis. J Rheumatol. 2008, 35: 2363-2371. 10.3899/jrheum.080340.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Choi JE, Lee SS, Sunde DA, Huizar I, Haugk KL, Thannickal VJ, Vittal R, Plymate SR, Schnapp LM: Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor blockade improves outcome in mouse model of lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009, 179: 212-219. 10.1164/rccm.200802-228OC.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
37.
Perbal B: CCN proteins: multifunctional signalling regulators. Lancet. 2004, 363: 62-64. 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15172-0.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Ponticos M, Holmes AM, Shi-wen X, Leoni P, Khan K, Rajkumar VS, Hoyles RK, Bou-Gharios G, Black CM, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Leask A, Lindahl GE: Pivotal role of connective tissue growth factor in lung fibrosis: MAPK-dependent transcriptional activation of type I collagen. Arthritis Rheum. 2009, 60: 2142-2155. 10.1002/art.24620.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Steen VD, Owens GR, Redmond C, Rodnan GP, Medsger TA: The effect of D-penicillamine on pulmonary findings in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1985, 28: 882-888. 10.1002/art.1780280807.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Steen VD, Lanz JK, Conte C, Owens GR, Medsger TA: Therapy for severe interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis. A retrospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 1994, 37: 1290-1296. 10.1002/art.1780370904.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Akesson A, Scheja A, Lundin A, Wollheim FA: Improved pulmonary function in systemic sclerosis after treatment with cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum. 1994, 37: 729-735. 10.1002/art.1780370518.CrossRefPubMed
42.
White B, Moore WC, Wigley FM, Xiao HQ, Wise RA: Cyclophosphamide is associated with pulmonary function and survival benefit in patients with scleroderma and alveolitis. Ann Intern Med. 2000, 132: 947-954.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, Roth MD, Furst DE, Silver RM, Goldin J, Arriola E, Strange C, Bolster MB, Seibold JR, Riley DJ, Hsu VM, Varga J, Schraufnagel D, Theodore A, Simms R, Wise R, Wigley F, White B, Steen V, Read C, Mayes M, Parsley E, Mubarak K, Connolly MK, Golden J, Olman M, Fessler B, Rothfi eld N, et al: Effects of 1-year treatment with cyclophosphamide on outcomes at 2 years in scleroderma lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007, 176: 1026-1034. 10.1164/rccm.200702-326OC.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
44.
Goldin JG, Lynch DA, Strollo DC, Suh RD, Schraufnagel DE, Clements PJ, Elashoff RM, Furst DE, Vasunilashorn S, McNitt-Gray MF, Brown MS, Roth MD, Tashkin DP: High-resolution CT scan findings in patients with symptomatic scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease. Chest. 2008, 134: 358-367. 10.1378/chest.07-2444.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Hoyles RK, Ellis RW, Wellsbury J, Lees B, Newlands P, Goh NS, Roberts C, Desai S, Herrick AL, McHugh NJ, Foley NM, Pearson SB, Emery P, Veale DJ, Denton CP, Wells AU, Black CM, du Bois RM: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 2006, 54: 3962-3970. 10.1002/art.22204.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zamora AC, Wolters PJ, Collard HR, Connolly MK, Elicker BM, . Webb WR, King TE, Golden JA: Use of mycophenolate mofetil to treat scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease. Respir Med. 2008, 102: 150-155. 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.07.021.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Gerbino AJ, Goss CH, Molitor JA: Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on pulmonary function in scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease. Chest. 2008, 133: 455-460. 10.1378/chest.06-2861.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Dheda K, Lalloo UG, Cassim B, Mody GM: Experience with azathioprine in systemic sclerosis associated with interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol. 2004, 23: 306-309.PubMed
49.
Berezne A, Ranque B, Valeyre D, Brauner M, Allanore Y, Launay D, Le Guern V, Kahn JE, Couderc LJ, Constans J, Cohen P, Mahr A, Pagnoux C, Hachulla E, Kahan A, Cabane J, Guillevin L, Mouthon L: Therapeutic strategy combining intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine to treat worsening interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis: a retrospective multicenter open-label study. J Rheumatol. 2008, 35: 1064-1072.PubMed
50.
King TE, Behr J, Brown KK, du Bois RM, Lancaster L, de Andrade JA, Stahler G, Leconte I, Roux S, Raghu G: BUILD-1: a randomized placebo-controlled trial of bosentan in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008, 177: 75-81. 10.1164/rccm.200705-732OC.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Silver RM: Endothelin and scleroderma lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008, 47 (Suppl 5): v25-v26. 10.1093/rheumatology/ken283.CrossRef
52.
van Daele PL, Dik WA, Thio HB, van Hal PT, van Laar JA, Hooijkaas H, van Hagen PM: Is imatinib mesylate a promising drug in systemic sclerosis?. Arthritis Rheum. 2008, 58: 2549-2552. 10.1002/art.23648.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Sfikakis PP, Gorgoulis VG, Katsiari CG, Evangelou K, Kostopoulos C, Black CM: Imatinib for the treatment of refractory, diffuse systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008, 47: 735-737. 10.1093/rheumatology/ken104.CrossRef
54.
Oku H, Shimizu T, Kawabata T, Nagira M, Hikita I, Ueyama A, Matsushima S, Torii M, Arimura A: Antifibrotic action of pirfenidone and prednisolone: different effects on pulmonary cytokines and growth factors in bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008, 590: 400-408. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.046.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Azuma A, Nukiwa T, Tsuboi E, Suga M, Abe S, Nakata K, Taguchi Y, Nagai S, Itoh H, Ohi M, Sato A, Kudoh S: Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005, 171: 1040-1047. 10.1164/rccm.200404-571OC.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Taniguchi H, Ebina M, Kondoh Y, Ogura T, Azuma A, Suga M, Taguchi Y, Takahashi H, Nakata K, Sato A, Takeuchi M, Raghu G, Kudoh S, Nukiwa T: Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2009, 35: 821-829. 10.1183/09031936.00005209.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Noble PW, Albera C, Bradford W, Costabel U, Kardatzke D, King T, Sahn S, Szwarcberg J, Valeyre D, du Bois R: The CAPACITY (CAP) trials: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trials of pirfenidone (PFD) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [abstract 216]. American Thoracic Society International Conference. 2009, San Diego, CA
58.
Nagai S, Hamada K, Shigematsu M, Taniyama M, Yamauchi S, Izumi T: Open-label compassionate use one year-treatment with pirfenidone to patients with chronic pulmonary fibrosis. Intern Med. 2002, 41: 1118-1123. 10.2169/internalmedicine.41.1118.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Schachna L, Medsger TA, Dauber JH, Wigley FM, Braunstein NA, White B, Steen VD, Conte JV, Yang SC, McCurry KR, Borja MC, Plaskon DE, Orens JB, Gelber AC: Lung transplantation in scleroderma compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Arthritis Rheum. 2006, 54: 3954-3961. 10.1002/art.22264.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Massad MG, Powell CR, Kpodonu J, Tshibaka C, Hanhan Z, Snow NJ, Geha AS: Outcomes of lung transplantation in patients with scleroderma. World J Surg. 2005, 29: 1510-1515. 10.1007/s00268-005-0017-x.CrossRefPubMed
61.
Bouros D, Wells AU, Nicholson AG, Colby TV, Polychronopoulos V, Pantelidis P, Haslam PL, Vassilakis DA, Black CM, du Bois RM: Histopathologic subsets of fibrosing alveolitis in patients with systemic sclerosis and their relationship to outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002, 165: 1581-1586. 10.1164/rccm.2106012.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Wells AU, Cullinan P, Hansell DM, Rubens BM, Black CM, Newman-Taylor AJ, Du Bois RM: Fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis has a better prognosis than lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994, 149: 1583-1590.CrossRefPubMed
63.
McDonagh J, Greaves M, Wright AR, Heycock C, Owen JP, Kelly C: High resolution computed tomography of the lungs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease. Br J Rheumatol. 1994, 33: 118-122. 10.1093/rheumatology/33.2.118.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Lee HK, Kim DS, Yoo B, Seo JB, Rho JY, Colby TV, Kitaichi M: Histopathologic pattern and clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Chest. 2005, 127: 2019-2027. 10.1378/chest.127.6.2019.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Turesson C, Matteson EL, Colby TV, Vuk-Pavlovic Z, Vassallo R, Weyand CM, Tazelaar HD, Limper AH: Increased CD4+ T cell infiltrates in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial pneumonitis compared with idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005, 52: 73-79. 10.1002/art.20765.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Lynch JP, Saggar R, Weigt SS, Zisman DA, White ES: Usual interstitial pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2006, 27: 634-651. 10.1055/s-2006-957335.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Demedts M, Behr J, Buhl R, Costabel U, Dekhuijzen R, Jansen HM, MacNee W, Thomeer M, Wallaert B, Laurent F, Nicholson AG, Verbeken EK, Verschakelen J, Flower CD, Capron F, Petruzzelli S, De Vuyst P, van den Bosch JM, Rodriguez-Becerra E, Corvasce G, Lankhorst I, Sardina M, Montanari M: High-dose acetylcysteine in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2005, 353: 2229-2242. 10.1056/NEJMoa042976.CrossRefPubMed
68.
Saketkoo LA, Espinoza LR: Rheumatoid arthritis interstitial lung disease: mycophenolate mofetil as an antifibrotic and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. Arch Intern Med. 2008, 168: 1718-1719. 10.1001/archinte.168.15.1718.CrossRefPubMed
69.
Chen IJ, Jan Wu YJ, Lin CW, Fan KW, Luo SF, Ho HH, Liou LB, Tsai WP, Chen JY, Yang CH, Kuo CF, Yu KH: Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Clin Rheumatol. 2009, 28: 639-646. 10.1007/s10067-009-1110-6.CrossRefPubMed
70.
Hayashi S, Tanaka M, Kobayashi H, Nakazono T, Satoh T, Fukuno Y, Aragane N, Tada Y, Koarada S, Ohta A, Nagasawa K: High-resolution computed tomography characterization of interstitial lung diseases in polymyositis/dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol. 2008, 35: 260-269.PubMed
71.
Tillie-Leblond I, Wislez M, Valeyre D, Crestani B, Rabbat A, Israel-Biet D, Humbert M, Couderc LJ, Wallaert B, Cadranel J: Interstitial lung disease and anti-Jo-1 antibodies: difference between acute and gradual onset. Thorax. 2008, 63: 53-59. 10.1136/thx.2006.069237.CrossRefPubMed
72.
Kubo M, Ihn H, Yamane K, Kikuchi K, Yazawa N, Soma Y, Tamaki K: Serum KL-6 in adult patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000, 39: 632-636. 10.1093/rheumatology/39.6.632.CrossRef
73.
Mukae H, Ishimoto H, Sakamoto N, Hara S, Kakugawa T, Nakayama S, Ishimatsu Y, Kawakami A, Eguchi K, Kohno S: Clinical differences between interstitial lung disease associated with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis and classic dermatomyositis. Chest. 2009, 136: 1341-1347. 10.1378/chest.08-2740.CrossRefPubMed
74.
Sato S, Hoshino K, Satoh T, Fujita T, Kawakami Y, Kuwana M: RNA helicase encoded by melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 is a major autoantigen in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis: association with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2009, 60: 2193-2200. 10.1002/art.24621.CrossRefPubMed
75.
Fujisawa T, Suda T, Nakamura Y, Enomoto N, Ide K, Toyoshima M, Uchiyama H, Tamura R, Ida M, Yagi T, Yasuda K, Genma H, Hayakawa H, Chida K, Nakamura H: Differences in clinical features and prognosis of interstitial lung diseases between polymyositis and dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol. 2005, 32: 58-64.PubMed
76.
Yamasaki Y, Yamada H, Yamasaki M, Ohkubo M, Azuma K, Matsuoka S, Kurihara Y, Osada H, Satoh M, Ozaki S: Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for progressive interstitial pneumonia in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007, 46: 124-130. 10.1093/rheumatology/kel112.CrossRef
77.
Ochi S, Nanki T, Takada K, Suzuki F, Komano Y, Kubota T, Miyasaka N: Favorable outcomes with tacrolimus in two patients with refractory interstitial lung disease associated with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005, 23: 707-710.PubMed
78.
Wilkes MR, Sereika SM, Fertig N, Lucas MR, Oddis CV: Treatment of antisynthetase-associated interstitial lung disease with tacrolimus. Arthritis Rheum. 2005, 52: 2439-2446. 10.1002/art.21240.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Sem M, Molberg O, Lund MB, Gran JT: Rituximab treatment of the anti-synthetase syndrome: a retrospective case series. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009, 48: 968-971. 10.1093/rheumatology/kep157.CrossRef
80.
Rios Fernandez R, Callejas Rubio JL, Sanchez Cano D, Saez Moreno JA, Ortego Centeno N: Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis and other inflammatory myopathies. A report of 4 cases and review of the literature. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009, 27: 1009-1016.PubMed
81.
Ito I, Nagai S, Kitaichi M, Nicholson AG, Johkoh T, Noma S, Kim DS, Handa T, Izumi T, Mishima M: Pulmonary manifestations of primary Sjogren's syndrome: a clinical, radiologic, and pathologic study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005, 171: 632-638. 10.1164/rccm.200403-417OC.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Parambil JG, Myers JL, Lindell RM, Matteson EL, Ryu JH: Interstitial lung disease in primary Sjogren syndrome. Chest. 2006, 130: 1489-1495. 10.1378/chest.130.5.1489.CrossRefPubMed
83.
Pego-Reigosa JM, Medeiros DA, Isenberg DA: Respiratory manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: old and new concepts. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2009, 23: 469-480. 10.1016/j.berh.2009.01.002.CrossRefPubMed
84.
Lim SW, Gillis D, Smith W, Hissaria P, Greville H, Peh CA: Rituximab use in systemic lupus erythematosus pneumonitis and a review of current reports. Intern Med J. 2006, 36: 260-262. 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01055.x.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Mosca M, Tani C, Bombardieri S: Undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (UCTD): a new frontier for rheumatology. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007, 21: 1011-1023. 10.1016/j.berh.2007.09.004.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Kinder BW, Collard HR, Koth L, Daikh DI, Wolters PJ, Elicker B, Jones KD, King TE: Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: lung manifestation of undifferentiated connective tissue disease?. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007, 176: 691-697. 10.1164/rccm.200702-220OC.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
87.
Kinder BW, Shariat C, Collard HR, Koth LL, Wolters PJ, Golden JA, Panos RJ, King TE: Undifferentiated connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: changes in lung function. Lung. 2010, 188: 143-149. 10.1007/s00408-009-9226-7.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
88.
Prakash UB: Respiratory complications in mixed connective tissue disease. Clin Chest Med. 1998, 19: 733-746. 10.1016/S0272-5231(05)70113-1. ixCrossRefPubMed
89.
Bodolay E, Szekanecz Z, Devenyi K, Galuska L, Csipo I, Vegh J, Garai I, Szegedi G: Evaluation of interstitial lung disease in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005, 44: 656-661. 10.1093/rheumatology/keh575.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue diseases: evolving concepts of pathogenesis and management
Authors
Flavia V Castelino
John Varga
Publication date
01-08-2010
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Arthritis Research & Therapy / Issue 4/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1478-6362
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3097

Other articles of this Issue 4/2010

Arthritis Research & Therapy 4/2010 Go to the issue

Research article

Pharmacoproteomic study of the effects of chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate on human articular chondrocytes

Research article

Synovial effusion and synovial fluid biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis to assess intraarticular tumor necrosis factor-α blockade in the knee joint

Research article

Gene expression profiling in circulating endothelial cells from systemic sclerosis patients shows an altered control of apoptosis and angiogenesis that is modified by iloprost infusion

Research article

Liposomal encapsulation enhances and prolongs the anti-inflammatory effects of water-soluble dexamethasone phosphate in experimental adjuvant arthritis

Research article

Modulation of collagen-induced arthritis by adenovirus-mediated intra-articular expression of modified collagen type II

Research article

Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor gene that modulate glucocorticoid sensitivity are associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits