Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Herpesviridae
Published in: Herpesviridae 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Review

Deciphering the role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of T and NK cell lymphoproliferations

Authors: Christopher P Fox, Claire Shannon-Lowe, Martin Rowe

Published in: Herpesviridae | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a highly successful herpesvirus, colonizing more than 90% of the adult human population worldwide, although it is also associated with various malignant diseases. Primary infection is usually clinically silent, and subsequent establishment of latency in the memory B lymphocyte compartment allows persistence of the virus in the infected host for life. EBV is so markedly B-lymphotropic when exposed to human lymphocytes in vitro that the association of EBV with rare but distinct types of T and NK cell lymphoproliferations was quite unexpected. Whilst relatively rare, these EBV-associated T and NK lymphoproliferations can be therapeutically challenging and prognosis for the majority of patients is dismal. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of these tumours, and the implications for treatment.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Rickinson AB, Kieff E: Epstein-Barr virus. Fields Virology. Edited by: Knipe DM, Howley PM. 2007, Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2: 2655-2700. 5
2.
Li Q, Spriggs MK, Kovats S, Turk SM, Comeau MR, Nepom B, Hutt-Fletcher LM: Epstein-Barr virus uses HLA class II as a cofactor for infection of B lymphocytes. J Virol. 1997, 71 (6): 4657-4662.PubMedCentralPubMed
3.
Nemerow GR, Wolfert R, McNaughton MW, Cooper NR: Identification and characterization of the Epstein-Barr virus receptor on human B lymphocytes and its relationship to the C3d complement receptor (CR2). J Virol. 1985, 55: 347-351.PubMedCentralPubMed
4.
Fingeroth JD, Weis JJ, Tedder TF, Strominger JL, Biro PA, Fearon DT: Epstein-Barr virus receptor of human B lymphocytes is the C3d receptor CR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1984, 81 (14): 4510-4514. 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4510.PubMedCentralPubMed
5.
Rowe M, Kelly GL, Bell AI, Rickinson AB: Burkitt's lymphoma: The Rosetta Stone deciphering Epstein-Barr virus biology. Semin Cancer Biol. 2009, 19 (6): 377-388. 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.07.004.PubMedCentralPubMed
6.
Thorley-Lawson D: EBV persistence and latent infection in vivo. Epstein-Barr Virus. Edited by: Robertson ES. 2005, Norfolk: Caister Academic Press, 309-357.
7.
Laichalk LL, Thorley-Lawson DA: Terminal differentiation into plasma cells initiates the replicative cycle of epstein-barr virus in vivo. J Virol. 2005, 79 (2): 1296-1307. 10.1128/JVI.79.2.1296-1307.2005.PubMedCentralPubMed
8.
Kieff E, Rickinson AB: Epstein-Barr virus and its replication. Fields Virology, 5th Edition. Edited by: Knipe DM, Howley PM. 2007, Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2: 2603-2654. 5
9.
Pegtel DM, Middeldorp J, Thorley-Lawson DA: Epstein-Barr virus infection in ex vivo tonsil epithelial cell cultures of asymptomatic carriers. J Virol. 2004, 78 (22): 12613-12624. 10.1128/JVI.78.22.12613-12624.2004.PubMedCentralPubMed
10.
Shannon-Lowe C, Rowe M: Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Polarized Epithelial Cells via the Basolateral Surface by Memory B Cell-Mediated Transfer Infection. PLoS Pathog. 2011, 7 (5): e1001338-10.1371/journal.ppat.1001338.PubMedCentralPubMed
11.
Shannon-Lowe CD, Neuhierl B, Baldwin G, Rickinson AB, Delecluse HJ: Resting B cells as a transfer vehicle for Epstein-Barr virus infection of epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103 (18): 7065-7070. 10.1073/pnas.0510512103.PubMedCentralPubMed
12.
Tugizov SM, Berline JW, Palefsky JM: Epstein-Barr virus infection of polarized tongue and nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Nature Medicine. 2003, 9: 307-314. 10.1038/nm830.PubMed
13.
Hadinoto V, Shapiro M, Sun CC, Thorley-Lawson DA: The dynamics of EBV shedding implicate a central role for epithelial cells in amplifying viral output. PLoS Pathog. 2009, 5 (7): e1000496-10.1371/journal.ppat.1000496.PubMedCentralPubMed
14.
Hudnall SD, Ge Y, Wei L, Yang NP, Wang HQ, Chen T: Distribution and phenotype of Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells in human pharyngeal tonsils. Mod Pathol. 2005, 18 (4): 519-527. 10.1038/modpathol.3800369.PubMed
15.
Isaacs R: Chronic infectious mononucleosis. Blood. 1948, 3 (8): 858-861.PubMed
16.
Horwitz CA, Henle W, Henle G, Schmitz H: Clinical evaluation of patients with infectious mononucleosis and development of antibodies to the R component of the Epstein-Barr virus-induced early antigen complex. Am J Med. 1975, 58 (3): 330-338. 10.1016/0002-9343(75)90599-9.PubMed
17.
Straus SE: The chronic mononucleosis syndrome. J Infect Dis. 1988, 157 (3): 405-412. 10.1093/infdis/157.3.405.PubMed
18.
Henle W, Henle G, Andersson J, Ernberg I, Klein G, Horwitz CA, Marklund G, Rymo L, Wellinder C, Straus SE: Antibody responses to Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 and EBNA-2 in acute and chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987, 84 (2): 570-574. 10.1073/pnas.84.2.570.PubMedCentralPubMed
19.
Kikuta H, Taguchi Y, Tomizawa K, Kojima K, Kawamura N, Ishizaka A, Sakiyama Y, Matsumoto S, Imai S, Kinoshita T, et al: Epstein-Barr virus genome-positive T lymphocytes in a boy with chronic active EBV infection associated with Kawasaki-like disease. Nature. 1988, 333 (6172): 455-457. 10.1038/333455a0.PubMed
20.
Imai S, Sugiura M, Oikawa O, Koizumi S, Hirao M, Kimura H, Hayashibara H, Terai N, Tsutsumi H, Oda T, et al: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-carrying and -expressing T-cell lines established from severe chronic active EBV infection. Blood. 1996, 87 (4): 1446-1457.PubMed
21.
Kanegane H, Bhatia K, Gutierrez M, Kaneda H, Wada T, Yachie A, Seki H, Arai T, Kagimoto S, Okazaki M, et al: A syndrome of peripheral blood T-cell infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) followed by EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma. Blood. 1998, 91 (6): 2085-2091.PubMed
22.
Ishihara S, Okada S, Wakiguchi H, Kurashige T, Hirai K, Kawa-Ha K: Clonal lymphoproliferation following chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection and hypersensitivity to mosquito bites. Am J Hematol. 1997, 54 (4): 276-281. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8652(199704)54:4<276::AID-AJH3>3.0.CO;2-S.PubMed
23.
Kawa-Ha K, Ishihara S, Ninomiya T, Yumura-Yagi K, Hara J, Murayama F, Tawa A, Hirai K: CD3-negative lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA. J Clin Invest. 1989, 84 (1): 51-55. 10.1172/JCI114168.PubMedCentralPubMed
24.
Tsuge I, Morishima T, Morita M, Kimura H, Kuzushima K, Matsuoka H: Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected natural killer (NK) cell proliferation in patients with severe mosquito allergy; establishment of an IL-2-dependent NK-like cell line. Clin Exp Immunol. 1999, 115 (3): 385-392. 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00836.x.PubMedCentralPubMed
25.
Kimura H, Hoshino Y, Kanegane H, Tsuge I, Okamura T, Kawa K, Morishima T: Clinical and virologic characteristics of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. Blood. 2001, 98 (2): 280-286. 10.1182/blood.V98.2.280.PubMed
26.
Kasahara Y, Yachie A, Takei K, Kanegane C, Okada K, Ohta K, Seki H, Igarashi N, Maruhashi K, Katayama K, et al: Differential cellular targets of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection between acute EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and chronic active EBV infection. Blood. 2001, 98 (6): 1882-1888. 10.1182/blood.V98.6.1882.PubMed
27.
Junying J, Herrmann K, Davies G, Lissauer D, Bell A, Timms J, Reynolds GM, Hubscher SG, Young LS, Niedobitek G, et al: Absence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in the tumor cells of European hepatocellular carcinoma. Virology. 2003, 306 (2): 236-243. 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00027-2.PubMed
28.
Kimura H, Morishima T, Kanegane H, Ohga S, Hoshino Y, Maeda A, Imai S, Okano M, Morio T, Yokota S, et al: Prognostic factors for chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Infect Dis. 2003, 187 (4): 527-533. 10.1086/367988.PubMed
29.
Yamamoto M, Kimura H, Hironaka T, Hirai K, Hasegawa S, Kuzushima K, Shibata M, Morishima T: Detection and quantification of virus DNA in plasma of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. J Clin Microbiol. 1995, 33 (7): 1765-1768.PubMedCentralPubMed
30.
Kanegane H, Wakiguchi H, Kanegane C, Kurashige T, Miyawaki T, Tosato G: Increased cell-free viral DNA in fatal cases of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1999, 28 (4): 906-909. 10.1086/515224.PubMed
31.
Maeda A, Wakiguchi H, Yokoyama W, Hisakawa H, Tomoda T, Kurashige T: Persistently high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) loads in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic active EBV infection. J Infect Dis. 1999, 179 (4): 1012-1015. 10.1086/314691.PubMed
32.
Cohen JI, Jaffe ES, Dale JK, Pittaluga S, Heslop HE, Rooney CM, Gottschalk S, Bollard CM, Rao VK, Marques A, et al: Characterization and treatment of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease: a 28-year experience in the United States. Blood. 2011, 117 (22): 5835-5849. 10.1182/blood-2010-11-316745.PubMedCentralPubMed
33.
Cohen JI, Kimura H, Nakamura S, Ko YH, Jaffe ES: Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease in non-immunocompromised hosts: a status report and summary of an international meeting, 8-9 September 2008. Ann Oncol. 2009, 20 (9): 1472-1482. 10.1093/annonc/mdp064.PubMedCentralPubMed
34.
Iwatsuki K, Xu Z, Takata M, Iguchi M, Ohtsuka M, Akiba H, Mitsuhashi Y, Takenoshita H, Sugiuchi R, Tagami H, et al: The association of latent Epstein-Barr virus infection with hydroa vacciniforme. Br J Dermatol. 1999, 140 (4): 715-721. 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02777.x.PubMed
35.
Kimura H, Hoshino Y, Hara S, Sugaya N, Kawada J, Shibata Y, Kojima S, Nagasaka T, Kuzushima K, Morishima T: Differences between T cell-type and natural killer cell-type chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Infect Dis. 2005, 191 (4): 531-539. 10.1086/427239.PubMed
36.
Kawa K, Sawada A, Sato M, Okamura T, Sakata N, Kondo O, Kimoto T, Yamada K, Tokimasa S, Yasui M, et al: Excellent outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic SCT with reduced-intensity conditioning for the treatment of chronic active EBV infection. Bone marrow transplantation. 2011, 46 (1): 77-83.PubMed
37.
Scott RB, Robb-Smith AHT: Histiocytic Medullary Histiocytosis. Lancet. 1939, 234 (6047): 194-198. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)61951-7.
38.
Henter JI, Horne A, Arico M, Egeler RM, Filipovich AH, Imashuku S, Ladisch S, McClain K, Webb D, Winiarski J, et al: HLH-2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007, 48 (2): 124-131. 10.1002/pbc.21039.PubMed
39.
Farquhar JW, Macgregor AR, Richmond J: Familial haemophagocytic reticulosis. Br Med J. 1958, 2 (5112): 1561-1564. 10.1136/bmj.2.5112.1561.PubMedCentralPubMed
40.
Perry MC, Harrison EG, Burgert EO, Gilchrist GS: Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistocytosis. Report of two cases and clinicopathologic review. Cancer. 1976, 38 (1): 209-218. 10.1002/1097-0142(197607)38:1<209::AID-CNCR2820380132>3.0.CO;2-W.PubMed
41.
Kalderon AE: Histiocytic medullary reticulosis associated with cytomegalic inclusion disease. A case report. Cancer. 1971, 27 (3): 659-666. 10.1002/1097-0142(197103)27:3<659::AID-CNCR2820270322>3.0.CO;2-L.PubMed
42.
Warnke RA, Kim H, Dorfman RF: Malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic medullary reticulosis). I. Clinicopatholigic study of 29 cases. Cancer. 1975, 35 (1): 215-230. 10.1002/1097-0142(197501)35:1<215::AID-CNCR2820350127>3.0.CO;2-H.PubMed
43.
Ishii E, Ohga S, Imashuku S, Yasukawa M, Tsuda H, Miura I, Yamamoto K, Horiuchi H, Takada K, Ohshima K, et al: Nationwide survey of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Japan. Int J Hematol. 2007, 86 (1): 58-65. 10.1532/IJH97.07012.PubMed
44.
Risdall RJ, McKenna RW, Nesbit ME, Krivit W, Balfour HH, Simmons RL, Brunning RD: Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome: a benign histiocytic proliferation distinct from malignant histiocytosis. Cancer. 1979, 44 (3): 993-1002. 10.1002/1097-0142(197909)44:3<993::AID-CNCR2820440329>3.0.CO;2-5.PubMed
45.
Mroczek EC, Weisenburger DD, Grierson HL, Markin R, Purtilo DT: Fatal infectious mononucleosis and virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1987, 111 (6): 530-535.PubMed
46.
Rouphael NG, Talati NJ, Vaughan C, Cunningham K, Moreira R, Gould C: Infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007, 7 (12): 814-822. 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70290-6.PubMed
47.
Janka G, Imashuku S, Elinder G, Schneider M, Henter JI: Infection- and malignancy-associated hemophagocytic syndromes. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998, 12 (2): 435-444. 10.1016/S0889-8588(05)70521-9.PubMed
48.
Craig FE, Clare CN, Sklar JL, Banks PM: T-cell lymphoma and the virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol. 1992, 97 (2): 189-194.PubMed
49.
Gaillard F, Mechinaud-Lacroix F, Papin S, Moreau A, Mollat C, Fiche M, Peltier S, De Faucal PJ, Rousselet MC, Praloran V, et al: Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection with clonal T-cell lymphoproliferation. Am J Clin Pathol. 1992, 98 (3): 324-333.PubMed
50.
Kikuta H, Sakiyama Y, Matsumoto S, Oh-Ishi T, Nakano T, Nagashima T, Oka T, Hironaka T, Hirai K: Fatal Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Blood. 1993, 82 (11): 3259-3264.PubMed
51.
Kawaguchi H, Miyashita T, Herbst H, Niedobitek G, Asada M, Tsuchida M, Hanada R, Kinoshita A, Sakurai M, Kobayashi N, et al: Epstein-Barr virus-infected T lymphocytes in Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 1993, 92 (3): 1444-1450. 10.1172/JCI116721.PubMedCentralPubMed
52.
Quintanilla-Martinez L, Kumar S, Fend F, Reyes E, Teruya-Feldstein J, Kingma DW, Sorbara L, Raffeld M, Straus SE, Jaffe ES: Fulminant EBV(+) T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder following acute/chronic EBV infection: a distinct clinicopathologic syndrome. Blood. 2000, 96 (2): 443-451.PubMed
53.
Imashuku S, Hibi S, Tabata Y, Itoh E, Hashida T, Tsunamoto K, Ishimoto K, Kawano F: Outcome of clonal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: analysis of 32 cases. Leuk Lymphoma. 2000, 37 (5-6): 577-584. 10.3109/10428190009058510.PubMed
54.
Elazary AS, Wolf DG, Amir G, Avni B, Rund D, Yehuda DB, Sviri S: Severe Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in six adult patients. J Clin Virol. 2007, 40 (2): 156-159. 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.06.014.PubMed
55.
Chan LC, Srivastava G, Pittaluga S, Kwong YL, Liu HW, Yuen HL: Detection of clonal Epstein-Barr virus in malignant proliferation of peripheral blood CD3+ CD8+ T cells. Leukemia. 1992, 6 (9): 952-956.PubMed
56.
Mori M, Kurozumi H, Akagi K, Tanaka Y, Imai S, Osato T: Monoclonal proliferation of T cells containing Epstein-Barr virus in fatal mononucleosis. N Engl J Med. 1992, 327 (1): 58-PubMed
57.
Noma T, Kou K, Yoshizawa I, Kawano Y, Miyashita T, Mizutani S, Yata J: Monoclonal proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus-infected T-cells in a patient with virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. 1994, 153 (10): 734-738. 10.1007/BF01954490.PubMed
58.
Beutel K, Gross-Wieltsch U, Wiesel T, Stadt UZ, Janka G, Wagner HJ: Infection of T lymphocytes in Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children of non-Asian origin. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009, 53 (2): 184-190.PubMed
59.
Fox CP, Shannon-Lowe C, Gothard P, Kishore B, Neilson J, O'Connor N, Rowe M: Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults characterized by high viral genome load within circulating natural killer cells. Clin Infect Dis. 2010, 51 (1): 66-69. 10.1086/653424.PubMed
60.
Sullivan JL, Woda BA, Herrod HG, Koh G, Rivara FP, Mulder C: Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome: virological and immunopathological studies. Blood. 1985, 65 (5): 1097-1104.PubMed
61.
Imashuku S, Hlbi S, Todo S: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in infancy and childhood. J Pediatr. 1997, 130 (3): 352-357. 10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70195-1.PubMed
62.
Imashuku S: Clinical features and treatment strategies of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2002, 44 (3): 259-272. 10.1016/S1040-8428(02)00117-8.PubMed
63.
Imashuku S, Teramura T, Tauchi H, Ishida Y, Otoh Y, Sawada M, Tanaka H, Watanabe A, Tabata Y, Morimoto A, et al: Longitudinal follow-up of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Haematologica. 2004, 89 (2): 183-188.PubMed
64.
Takahashi N, Chubachi A, Kume M, Hatano Y, Komatsuda A, Kawabata Y, Yanagiya N, Ichikawa Y, Miura AB, Miura I: A clinical analysis of 52 adult patients with hemophagocytic syndrome: the prognostic significance of the underlying diseases. Int J Hematol. 2001, 74 (2): 209-213. 10.1007/BF02982007.PubMed
65.
Janka G, Zur Stadt U: Familial and acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2005, 82-88.
66.
Janka GE: Hemophagocytic syndromes. Blood Rev. 2007, 21 (5): 245-253. 10.1016/j.blre.2007.05.001.PubMed
67.
Purtilo DT, Cassel CK, Yang JP, Harper R: X-linked recessive progressive combined variable immunodeficiency (Duncan's disease). Lancet. 1975, 1 (7913): 935-940.PubMed
68.
Sayos J, Wu C, Morra M, Wang N, Zhang X, Allen D, van Schaik S, Notarangelo L, Geha R, Roncarolo MG, et al: The X-linked lymphoproliferative-disease gene product SAP regulates signals induced through the co-receptor SLAM. Nature. 1998, 395 (6701): 462-469. 10.1038/26683.PubMed
69.
Coffey AJ, Brooksbank RA, Brandau O, Oohashi T, Howell GR, Bye JM, Cahn AP, Durham J, Heath P, Wray P, et al: Host response to EBV infection in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease results from mutations in an SH2-domain encoding gene. Nat Genet. 1998, 20 (2): 129-135. 10.1038/2424.PubMed
70.
Hsieh WC, Chang Y, Hsu MC, Lan BS, Hsiao GC, Chuang HC, Su IJ: Emergence of anti-red blood cell antibodies triggers red cell phagocytosis by activated macrophages in a rabbit model of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Am J Pathol. 2007, 170 (5): 1629-1639. 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060772.PubMedCentralPubMed
71.
Henter JI, Elinder G, Soder O, Hansson M, Andersson B, Andersson U: Hypercytokinemia in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood. 1991, 78 (11): 2918-2922.PubMed
72.
Hasegawa D, Kojima S, Tatsumi E, Hayakawa A, Kosaka Y, Nakamura H, Sako M, Osugi Y, Nagata S, Sano K: Elevation of the serum Fas ligand in patients with hemophagocytic syndrome and Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Blood. 1998, 91 (8): 2793-2799.PubMed
73.
Henter JI, Arico M, Elinder G, Imashuku S, Janka G: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1998, 12 (2): 417-433. 10.1016/S0889-8588(05)70520-7.PubMed
74.
Poggi A, Costa P, Tomasello E, Moretta L: IL-12-induced up-regulation of NKRP1A expression in human NK cells and consequent NKRP1A-mediated down-regulation of NK cell activation. Eur J Immunol. 1998, 28 (5): 1611-1616. 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199805)28:05<1611::AID-IMMU1611>3.0.CO;2-6.PubMed
75.
Ambruso DR, Hays T, Zwartjes WJ, Tubergen DG, Favara BE: Successful treatment of lymphohistiocytic reticulosis with phagocytosis with epipodophyllotoxin VP 16-213. Cancer. 1980, 45 (10): 2516-2520. 10.1002/1097-0142(19800515)45:10<2516::AID-CNCR2820451008>3.0.CO;2-V.PubMed
76.
Henter JI, Elinder G, Finkel Y, Soder O: Successful induction with chemotherapy including teniposide in familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Lancet. 1986, 2 (8520): 1402-PubMed
77.
Fischer A, Virelizier JL, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Perez N, Nezelof C, Griscelli C: Treatment of four patients with erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis by a combination of epipodophyllotoxin, steroids, intrathecal methotrexate, and cranial irradiation. Pediatrics. 1985, 76 (2): 263-268.PubMed
78.
Imashuku S, Kuriyama K, Teramura T, Ishii E, Kinugawa N, Kato M, Sako M, Hibi S: Requirement for etoposide in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Clin Oncol. 2001, 19 (10): 2665-2673.PubMed
79.
Oyama Y, Amano T, Hirakawa S, Hironaka K, Suzuki S, Ota Z: Haemophagocytic syndrome treated with cyclosporin A: a T cell disorder?. Br J Haematol. 1989, 73 (2): 276-278. 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1989.tb00269.x.PubMed
80.
Stephan JL, Donadieu J, Ledeist F, Blanche S, Griscelli C, Fischer A: Treatment of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with antithymocyte globulins, steroids, and cyclosporin A. Blood. 1993, 82 (8): 2319-2323.PubMed
81.
Imashuku S, Hibi S, Kuriyama K, Tabata Y, Hashida T, Iwai A, Kato M, Yamashita N, Oda MM, Kinugawa N, et al: Management of severe neutropenia with cyclosporin during initial treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Leuk Lymphoma. 2000, 36 (3-4): 339-346.PubMed
82.
Henter JI, Samuelsson-Horne A, Arico M, Egeler RM, Elinder G, Filipovich AH, Gadner H, Imashuku S, Komp D, Ladisch S, et al: Treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with HLH-94 immunochemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 2002, 100 (7): 2367-2373. 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0172.PubMed
83.
Imashuku S, Hibi S, Ohara T, Iwai A, Sako M, Kato M, Arakawa H, Sotomatsu M, Kataoka S, Asami K, et al: Effective control of Epstein-Barr virus-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with immunochemotherapy. Histiocyte Society. Blood. 1999, 93 (6): 1869-1874.PubMed
84.
Jabado N, de Graeff-Meeder ER, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Haddad E, Le Deist F, Benkerrou M, Dufourcq R, Caillat S, Blanche S, Fischer A: Treatment of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with bone marrow transplantation from HLA genetically nonidentical donors. Blood. 1997, 90 (12): 4743-4748.PubMed
85.
Imashuku S, Kuriyama K, Sakai R, Nakao Y, Masuda S, Yasuda N, Kawano F, Yakushijin K, Miyagawa A, Nakao T, et al: Treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) in young adults: a report from the HLH study center. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2003, 41 (2): 103-109. 10.1002/mpo.10314.PubMed
86.
Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, Lister TA, Bloomfield CD: World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol. 1999, 17 (12): 3835-3849.PubMed
87.
McBride P: Photographs of a case of rapid destruction of the nose and face. Laryng. 1897, 12: 64-66.
88.
89.
Friedmann I: The pathology of malignant granuloma of the nose. J Laryngol Otol. 1955, 69 (5): 331-341.PubMed
90.
Spear GS, Walker WG: Lethal midline granuloma (granuloma gangraenescens) at autopsy; report of a case and review of literature. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1956, 99 (6): 313-332.PubMed
91.
Lopes De Faria J, Cutin M, Morgante AP, Ferri RG: Malignant granuloma of the face; contribution to its nosology. AMA Arch Otolaryngol. 1957, 65 (3): 255-262.PubMed
92.
Burston HH: Lethal midline granuloma: is it a pathological entity. Laryngoscope. 1959, 69 (1): 1-43.PubMed
93.
Eichel BS, Harrison EG, Devine KD, Scanlon PW, Brown HA: Primary lymphoma of the nose including a relationship to lethal midline granuloma. Am J Surg. 1966, 112 (4): 597-605. 10.1016/0002-9610(66)90328-X.PubMed
94.
Eichel BS, Mabery TE: The enigma of the lethal midline granuloma. Laryngoscope. 1968, 78 (8): 1367-1386. 10.1288/00005537-196808000-00008.PubMed
95.
Kassel SH, Echevarria RA, Guzzo FP: Midline malignant reticulosis (so-called lethal midline granuloma). Cancer. 1969, 23 (4): 920-935. 10.1002/1097-0142(196904)23:4<920::AID-CNCR2820230430>3.0.CO;2-M.PubMed
96.
Ishii Y, Yamanaka N, Ogawa K, Yoshida Y, Takami T, Matsuura A, Isago H, Kataura A, Kikuchi K: Nasal T-cell lymphoma as a type of so-called "lethal midline granuloma". Cancer. 1982, 50 (11): 2336-2344. 10.1002/1097-0142(19821201)50:11<2336::AID-CNCR2820501120>3.0.CO;2-C.PubMed
97.
Gaulard P, Henni T, Marolleau JP, Haioun C, Henni Z, Voisin MC, Divine M, Goossens M, Farcet JP, Reyes F: Lethal midline granuloma (polymorphic reticulosis) and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Evidence for a monoclonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Cancer. 1988, 62 (4): 705-710. 10.1002/1097-0142(19880815)62:4<705::AID-CNCR2820620410>3.0.CO;2-Z.PubMed
98.
Yamanaka N, Kataura A, Sambe S, Minase T, Ishii Y: Midfacial T cell lymphoma: characterization by monoclonal antibodies. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1985, 94 (2 Pt 1): 207-211.PubMed
99.
Chan JK, Ng CS, Lau WH, Lo ST: Most nasal/nasopharyngeal lymphomas are peripheral T-cell neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol. 1987, 11 (6): 418-429. 10.1097/00000478-198706000-00002.PubMed
100.
Lippman SM, Grogan TM, Spier CM, Koopmann CF, Gall EP, Shimm DS, Durie BG: Lethal midline granuloma with a novel T-cell phenotype as found in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Cancer. 1987, 59 (5): 936-939. 10.1002/1097-0142(19870301)59:5<936::AID-CNCR2820590514>3.0.CO;2-F.PubMed
101.
Ho FC, Choy D, Loke SL, Kung IT, Fu KH, Liang R, Todd D, Khoo RK: Polymorphic reticulosis and conventional lymphomas of the nose and upper aerodigestive tract: a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases, and immunophenotypic studies of 16 cases. Hum Pathol. 1990, 21 (10): 1041-1050. 10.1016/0046-8177(90)90254-3.PubMed
102.
Wong KF, Chan JK, Ng CS, Lee KC, Tsang WY, Cheung MM: CD56 (NKH1)-positive hematolymphoid malignancies: an aggressive neoplasm featuring frequent cutaneous/mucosal involvement, cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, and angiocentricity. Hum Pathol. 1992, 23 (7): 798-804. 10.1016/0046-8177(92)90350-C.PubMed
103.
Kanavaros P, Lescs MC, Briere J, Divine M, Galateau F, Joab I, Bosq J, Farcet JP, Reyes F, Gaulard P: Nasal T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic entity associated with peculiar phenotype and with Epstein-Barr virus. Blood. 1993, 81 (10): 2688-2695.PubMed
104.
Suzumiya J, Takeshita M, Kimura N, Kikuchi M, Uchida T, Hisano S, Eura Y, Kozuru M, Nomura Y, Tomita K, et al: Expression of adult and fetal natural killer cell markers in sinonasal lymphomas. Blood. 1994, 83 (8): 2255-2260.PubMed
105.
Jaffe ES: Nasal and nasal-type T/NK cell lymphoma: a unique form of lymphoma associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Histopathology. 1995, 27 (6): 581-583. 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00333.x.PubMed
106.
Tao Q, Chiang AK, Srivastava G, Ho FC: TCR-CD56+CD2+ nasal lymphomas with membrane-localized CD3 positivity: are the CD3+ cells neoplastic or reactive?. Blood. 1995, 85 (10): 2993-2996.PubMed
107.
Van Gorp J, De Bruin PC, Sie-Go DM, Van Heerde P, Ossenkoppele GJ, Rademakers LH, Meijer CJ, Van Den Tweel JG: Nasal T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathological and immunophenotypic analysis of 13 cases. Histopathology. 1995, 27 (2): 139-148. 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00022.x.PubMed
108.
Jaffe ES, Chan JK, Su IJ, Frizzera G, Mori S, Feller AC, Ho FC: Report of the Workshop on Nasal and Related Extranodal Angiocentric T/Natural Killer Cell Lymphomas. Definitions, differential diagnosis, and epidemiology. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996, 20 (1): 103-111. 10.1097/00000478-199601000-00012.PubMed
109.
Ho FC, Srivastava G, Loke SL, Fu KH, Leung BP, Liang R, Choy D: Presence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in nasal lymphomas of B and 'T' cell type. Hematol Oncol. 1990, 8 (5): 271-281. 10.1002/hon.2900080505.PubMed
110.
Kern WF, Spier CM, Hanneman EH, Miller TP, Matzner M, Grogan TM: Neural cell adhesion molecule-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a rare variant with a propensity for unusual sites of involvement. Blood. 1992, 79 (9): 2432-2437.PubMed
111.
Chan JK, Tsang WY, Ng CS: Clarification of CD3 immunoreactivity in nasal T/natural killer cell lymphomas: the neoplastic cells are often CD3 epsilon+. Blood. 1996, 87 (2): 839-841.PubMed
112.
Chan JK, Tsang WY, Pau MY: Discordant CD3 expression in lymphomas when studied on frozen and paraffin sections. Hum Pathol. 1995, 26 (10): 1139-1143. 10.1016/0046-8177(95)90277-5.PubMed
113.
Ohno T, Yamaguchi M, Oka K, Miwa H, Kita K, Shirakawa S: Frequent expression of CD3 epsilon in CD3 (Leu 4)-negative nasal T-cell lymphomas. Leukemia. 1995, 9 (1): 44-52.PubMed
114.
Strickler JG, Meneses MF, Habermann TM, Ilstrup DM, Earle JD, McDonald TJ, Chang KL, Weiss LM: Polymorphic reticulosis: a reappraisal. Hum Pathol. 1994, 25 (7): 659-665. 10.1016/0046-8177(94)90298-4.PubMed
115.
Chan JKC, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Ferry JA, Peh SC: Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. World Health Organization Classfication of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Edited by: Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW. 2007, Lyon: IARC Press, 285-288. 4
116.
Au WY, Weisenburger DD, Intragumtornchai T, Nakamura S, Kim WS, Sng I, Vose J, Armitage JO, Liang R: Clinical differences between nasal and extranasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a study of 136 cases from the International Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Project. Blood. 2008, 113 (17): 3931-3937.PubMed
117.
Jones JF, Shurin S, Abramowsky C, Tubbs RR, Sciotto CG, Wahl R, Sands J, Gottman D, Katz BZ, Sklar J: T-cell lymphomas containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA in patients with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infections. N Engl J Med. 1988, 318 (12): 733-741. 10.1056/NEJM198803243181203.PubMed
118.
Su IJ, Lin KH, Chen CJ, Tien HF, Hsieh HC, Lin DT, Chen JY: Epstein-Barr virus-associated peripheral T-cell lymphoma of activated CD8 phenotype. Cancer. 1990, 66 (12): 2557-2562. 10.1002/1097-0142(19901215)66:12<2557::AID-CNCR2820661218>3.0.CO;2-2.PubMed
119.
Harabuchi Y, Yamanaka N, Kataura A, Imai S, Kinoshita T, Mizuno F, Osato T: Epstein-Barr virus in nasal T-cell lymphomas in patients with lethal midline granuloma. Lancet. 1990, 335 (8682): 128-130. 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90002-M.PubMed
120.
Chan JK, Yip TT, Tsang WY, Ng CS, Lau WH, Poon YF, Wong CC, Ma VW: Detection of Epstein-Barr viral RNA in malignant lymphomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994, 18 (9): 938-946. 10.1097/00000478-199409000-00009.PubMed
121.
Tao Q, Ho FC, Loke SL, Srivastava G: Epstein-Barr virus is localized in the tumour cells of nasal lymphomas of NK, T or B cell type. Int J Cancer. 1995, 60 (3): 315-320. 10.1002/ijc.2910600306.PubMed
122.
Minarovits J, Hu LF, Imai S, Harabuchi Y, Kataura A, Minarovits-Kormuta S, Osato T, Klein G: Clonality, expression and methylation patterns of the Epstein-Barr virus genomes in lethal midline granulomas classified as peripheral angiocentric T cell lymphomas. J Gen Virol. 1994, 75 (Pt 1): 77-84.PubMed
123.
Chiang AK, Tao Q, Srivastava G, Ho FC: Nasal NK- and T-cell lymphomas share the same type of Epstein-Barr virus latency as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease. Int J Cancer. 1996, 68 (3): 285-290. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19961104)68:3<285::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-Y.PubMed
124.
Kagami Y, Nakamura S, Suzuki R, Iida S, Yatabe Y, Okada Y, Kobayashi T, Tsurumi T, Seto M, Ogura M, et al: Establishment of an IL-2-dependent cell line derived from 'nasal-type' NK/T-cell lymphoma of CD2+, sCD3-, CD3epsilon+, CD56+ phenotype and associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Br J Haematol. 1998, 103 (3): 669-677. 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.01029.x.PubMed
125.
Cho EY, Kim KH, Kim WS, Yoo KH, Koo HH, Ko YH: The spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease in Korea: incidence of disease entities by age groups. J Korean Med Sci. 2008, 23 (2): 185-192. 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.2.185.PubMedCentralPubMed
126.
Yoon SO, Suh C, Lee DH, Chi HS, Park CJ, Jang SS, Shin HR, Park BH, Huh J: Distribution of lymphoid neoplasms in the Republic of Korea: analysis of 5318 cases according to the World Health Organization classification. Am J Hematol. 85 (10): 760-764.
127.
Au WY, Ma SY, Chim CS, Choy C, Loong F, Lie AK, Lam CC, Leung AY, Tse E, Yau CC, et al: Clinicopathologic features and treatment outcome of mature T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas diagnosed according to the World Health Organization classification scheme: a single center experience of 10 years. Ann Oncol. 2005, 16 (2): 206-214. 10.1093/annonc/mdi037.PubMed
128.
Quintanilla-Martinez L, Franklin JL, Guerrero I, Krenacs L, Naresh KN, Rama-Rao C, Bhatia K, Raffeld M, Magrath IT: Histological and immunophenotypic profile of nasal NK/T cell lymphomas from Peru: high prevalence of p53 overexpression. Hum Pathol. 1999, 30 (7): 849-855. 10.1016/S0046-8177(99)90147-8.PubMed
129.
Arber DA, Weiss LM, Albujar PF, Chen YY, Jaffe ES: Nasal lymphomas in Peru. High incidence of T-cell immunophenotype and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993, 17 (4): 392-399. 10.1097/00000478-199304000-00010.PubMed
130.
Barrionuevo C, Zaharia M, Martinez MT, Taxa L, Misad O, Moscol A, Sarria G, Guerrero I, Casanova L, Flores C, et al: Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: study of clinicopathologic and prognosis factors in a series of 78 cases from Peru. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2007, 15 (1): 38-44. 10.1097/01.pai.0000205062.27174.56.PubMed
131.
van de Rijn M, Bhargava V, Molina-Kirsch H, Carlos-Bregni R, Warnke RA, Cleary ML, Kamel OW: Extranodal head and neck lymphomas in Guatemala: high frequency of Epstein-Barr virus-associated sinonasal lymphomas. Hum Pathol. 1997, 28 (7): 834-839. 10.1016/S0046-8177(97)90158-1.PubMed
132.
Project TN-HsLC: A clinical evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood. 1997, 89 (11): 3909-3918.
133.
Chim CS, Ma SY, Au WY, Choy C, Lie AK, Liang R, Yau CC, Kwong YL: Primary nasal natural killer cell lymphoma: long-term treatment outcome and relationship with the International Prognostic Index. Blood. 2004, 103 (1): 216-221. 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1401.PubMed
134.
Li CC, Tien HF, Tang JL, Yao M, Chen YC, Su IJ, Hsu SM, Hong RL: Treatment outcome and pattern of failure in 77 patients with sinonasal natural killer/T-cell or T-cell lymphoma. Cancer. 2004, 100 (2): 366-375. 10.1002/cncr.11908.PubMed
135.
Pagano L, Gallamini A, Trape G, Fianchi L, Mattei D, Todeschini G, Spadea A, Cinieri S, Iannitto E, Martelli M, et al: NK/T-cell lymphomas 'nasal type': an Italian multicentric retrospective survey. Ann Oncol. 2006, 17 (5): 794-800. 10.1093/annonc/mdl015.PubMed
136.
Lee J, Suh C, Park YH, Ko YH, Bang SM, Lee JH, Lee DH, Huh J, Oh SY, Kwon HC, et al: Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type: a prognostic model from a retrospective multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2006, 24 (4): 612-618. 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.1384.PubMed
137.
Huang WT, Chang KC, Huang GC, Hsiao JR, Chen HH, Chuang SS, Chen TY, Su WC, Tsao CJ: Bone marrow that is positive for Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA-1 by in situ hybridization is related with a poor prognosis in patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Haematologica. 2005, 90 (8): 1063-1069.PubMed
138.
Liang R: Advances in the management and monitoring of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Br J Haematol. 2009, 147 (1): 13-21.PubMed
139.
Kim BS, Kim TY, Kim CW, Kim JY, Heo DS, Bang YJ, Kim NK: Therapeutic outcome of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma initially treated with chemotherapy--result of chemotherapy in NK/T-cell lymphoma. Acta Oncol. 2003, 42 (7): 779-783. 10.1080/02841860310010682.PubMed
140.
Sakata K, Fuwa N, Kodaira T, Aratani K, Ikeda H, Takagi M, Nishio M, Satoh M, Nakamura S, Satoh H, et al: Analyses of dose-response in radiotherapy for patients with mature T/NK-cell lymphomas according to the WHO classification. Radiother Oncol. 2006, 79 (2): 179-184. 10.1016/j.radonc.2006.03.014.PubMed
141.
Li YX, Yao B, Jin J, Wang WH, Liu YP, Song YW, Wang SL, Liu XF, Zhou LQ, He XH, et al: Radiotherapy as primary treatment for stage IE and IIE nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006, 24 (1): 181-189. 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.2573.PubMed
142.
Cheung MM, Chan JK, Lau WH, Ngan RK, Foo WW: Early stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: clinical outcome, prognostic factors, and the effect of treatment modality. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002, 54 (1): 182-190. 10.1016/S0360-3016(02)02916-4.PubMed
143.
Kim GE, Cho JH, Yang WI, Chung EJ, Suh CO, Park KR, Hong WP, Park IY, Hahn JS, Roh JK, et al: Angiocentric lymphoma of the head and neck: patterns of systemic failure after radiation treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2000, 18 (1): 54-63.PubMed
144.
Kim SJ, Kim K, Kim BS, Kim CY, Suh C, Huh J, Lee SW, Kim JS, Cho J, Lee GW, et al: Phase II trial of concurrent radiation and weekly cisplatin followed by VIPD chemotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal, extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma: Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma study. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27 (35): 6027-6032. 10.1200/JCO.2009.23.8592.PubMed
145.
Yamaguchi M, Tobinai K, Oguchi M, Ishizuka N, Kobayashi Y, Isobe Y, Ishizawa K, Maseki N, Itoh K, Usui N, et al: Phase I/II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG0211. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27 (33): 5594-5600. 10.1200/JCO.2009.23.8295.PubMed
146.
Yamaguchi M, Suzuki R, Kwong YL, Kim WS, Hasegawa Y, Izutsu K, Suzumiya J, Okamura T, Nakamura S, Kawa K, et al: Phase I study of dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, and etoposide (SMILE) chemotherapy for advanced-stage, relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma and leukemia. Cancer Sci. 2008, 99 (5): 1016-1020. 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00768.x.PubMed
147.
Jaccard A, Petit B, Girault S, Suarez F, Gressin R, Zini JM, Coiteux V, Larroche C, Devidas A, Thieblemont C, et al: L-asparaginase-based treatment of 15 western patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma and leukemia and a review of the literature. Ann Oncol. 2009, 20 (1): 110-116.PubMed
148.
Yong W, Zheng W, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xie Y, Lin N, Xu B, Lu A, Li J: L-asparaginase in the treatment of refractory and relapsed extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Ann Hematol. 2009, 88 (7): 647-652. 10.1007/s00277-008-0669-3.PubMed
149.
Jaccard A, Gachard N, Marin B, Rogez S, Audrain M, Suarez F, Tilly H, Morschhauser F, Thieblemont C, Ysebaert L, et al: Efficacy of L-asparaginase with methotrexate and dexamethasone (AspaMetDex regimen) in patients with refractory or relapsing extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, a phase 2 study. Blood. 2011, 117 (6): 1834-1839. 10.1182/blood-2010-09-307454.PubMed
150.
Vose J, Armitage J, Weisenburger D: International peripheral T-cell and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma study: pathology findings and clinical outcomes. J Clin Oncol. 2008, 26 (25): 4124-4130.PubMed
151.
Au WY, Lie AK, Liang R, Kwong YL, Yau CC, Cheung MM, Ngan KC, Lau WH, Wong KH, Yiu HY, et al: Autologous stem cell transplantation for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a progress report on its value. Ann Oncol. 2003, 14 (11): 1673-1676. 10.1093/annonc/mdg458.PubMed
152.
Kim HJ, Bang SM, Lee J, Kwon HC, Suh C, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Ryoo BY, Park YH, Kwon JM, et al: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a retrospective comparison with non-transplantation cases. Bone marrow transplantation. 2006, 37 (9): 819-824. 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705349.PubMed
153.
Suzuki R, Suzumiya J, Nakamura S, Kagami Y, Kameoka JI, Sakai C, Mukai H, Takenaka K, Yoshino T, Tsuzuki T, et al: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for natural killer-cell lineage neoplasms. Bone marrow transplantation. 2006, 37 (4): 425-431. 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705244.PubMed
154.
Kyriakou C, Canals C, Finke J, Kobbe G, Harousseau JL, Kolb HJ, Novitzky N, Goldstone AH, Sureda A, Schmitz N: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is able to induce long-term remissions in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from the lymphoma working party of the European group for blood and marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27 (24): 3951-3958. 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.4628.PubMed
155.
Corradini P, Dodero A, Zallio F, Caracciolo D, Casini M, Bregni M, Narni F, Patriarca F, Boccadoro M, Benedetti F, et al: Graft-versus-lymphoma effect in relapsed peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas after reduced-intensity conditioning followed by allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic cells. J Clin Oncol. 2004, 22 (11): 2172-2176. 10.1200/JCO.2004.12.050.PubMed
156.
Bollard CM, Gottschalk S, Leen AM, Weiss H, Straathof KC, Carrum G, Khalil M, Wu MF, Huls MH, Chang CC, et al: Complete responses of relapsed lymphoma following genetic modification of tumor-antigen presenting cells and T-lymphocyte transfer. Blood. 2007, 110 (8): 2838-2845. 10.1182/blood-2007-05-091280.PubMedCentralPubMed
157.
Bollard CM, Dotti G, Gottschalk S, Liu E, Sheehan AM, Carrum G, Liu H, Chang C-C, Gee AP, Brenner MK, et al: [293] Administration of Tumor-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Engineered to Resist TGF-α to Subjects with EBV-Associated Lymphomas. The American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy. 2010, Washington DC, USA: Molecular Therapy
158.
Murashige N, Kami M, Kishi Y, Kim SW, Takeuchi M, Matsue K, Kanda Y, Hirokawa M, Kawabata Y, Matsumura T, et al: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a promising treatment for natural killer-cell neoplasms. Br J Haematol. 2005, 130 (4): 561-567. 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05651.x.PubMed
159.
Fernandez LA, Pope B, Lee C, Zayed E: Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia in an adult with establishment of an NK cell line. Blood. 1986, 67 (4): 925-930.PubMed
160.
Ruskova A, Thula R, Chan G: Aggressive Natural Killer-Cell Leukemia: report of five cases and review of the literature. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004, 45 (12): 2427-2438. 10.1080/10428190400004513.PubMed
161.
Sun T, Brody J, Susin M, Marino J, Teichberg S, Koduru P, Hall WW, Urmacher C, Hajdu SI: Aggressive natural killer cell lymphoma/leukemia. A recently recognized clinicopathologic entity. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993, 17 (12): 1289-1299. 10.1097/00000478-199312000-00011.PubMed
162.
Imamura N, Kusunoki Y, Kawa-Ha K, Yumura K, Hara J, Oda K, Abe K, Dohy H, Inada T, Kajihara H, et al: Aggressive natural killer cell leukaemia/lymphoma: report of four cases and review of the literature. Possible existence of a new clinical entity originating from the third lineage of lymphoid cells. Br J Haematol. 1990, 75 (1): 49-59. 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1990.tb02615.x.PubMed
163.
Chan JK, Sin VC, Wong KF, Ng CS, Tsang WY, Chan CH, Cheung MM, Lau WH: Nonnasal lymphoma expressing the natural killer cell marker CD56: a clinicopathologic study of 49 cases of an uncommon aggressive neoplasm. Blood. 1997, 89 (12): 4501-4513.PubMed
164.
Chan JKC, Jaffe E, Ralfkiaer E, Ko Y-H: Aggressive NK-cell leukaemia. World Health Organization Classfication of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Edited by: Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW. 2007, Lyon: IARC Press, 276-277. 4
165.
Ryder J, Wang X, Bao L, Gross SA, Hua F, Irons RD: Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia: report of a Chinese series and review of the literature. Int J Hematol. 2007, 85 (1): 18-25. 10.1532/IJH97.A10612.PubMed
166.
Song SY, Kim WS, Ko YH, Kim K, Lee MH, Park K: Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia: clinical features and treatment outcome. Haematologica. 2002, 87 (12): 1343-1345.PubMed
167.
Chan JK: Natural killer cell neoplasms. Anat Pathol. 1998, 3: 77-145.PubMed
168.
Suzuki R, Suzumiya J, Nakamura S, Aoki S, Notoya A, Ozaki S, Gondo H, Hino N, Mori H, Sugimori H, et al: Aggressive natural killer-cell leukemia revisited: large granular lymphocyte leukemia of cytotoxic NK cells. Leukemia. 2004, 18 (4): 763-770. 10.1038/sj.leu.2403262.PubMed
169.
Teshima T, Miyaji R, Fukuda M, Ohshima K: Bone-marrow transplantation for Epstein-Barr-virus-associated natural killer cell-large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. Lancet. 1996, 347 (9008): 1124-PubMed
170.
Nava VE, Jaffe ES: The pathology of NK-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Adv Anat Pathol. 2005, 12 (1): 27-34. 10.1097/01.pap.0000151318.34752.80.PubMed
171.
Jaffe ES: Classification of natural killer (NK) cell and NK-like T-cell malignancies. Blood. 1996, 87 (4): 1207-1210.PubMed
172.
Soler J, Bordes R, Ortuno F, Montagud M, Martorell J, Pons C, Nomdedeu J, Lopez-Lopez JJ, Prat J, Rutllant M: Aggressive natural killer cell leukaemia/lymphoma in two patients with lethal midline granuloma. Br J Haematol. 1994, 86 (3): 659-662. 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb04804.x.PubMed
173.
Nakashima Y, Tagawa H, Suzuki R, Karnan S, Karube K, Ohshima K, Muta K, Nawata H, Morishima Y, Nakamura S, et al: Genome-wide array-based comparative genomic hybridization of natural killer cell lymphoma/leukemia: different genomic alteration patterns of aggressive NK-cell leukemia and extranodal Nk/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2005, 44 (3): 247-255. 10.1002/gcc.20245.PubMed
174.
Rowe M, Lear A, Croom-Carter D, Davies AH, Rickinson AB: Three pathways of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene activation from EBNA1-positive latency in B lymphocytes. J Virol. 1992, 66 (1): 122-131.PubMedCentralPubMed
175.
Niedobitek G, Agathanggelou A, Herbst H, Whitehead L, Wright DH, Young LS: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in infectious mononucleosis: virus latency, replication and phenotype of EBV-infected cells. J Pathol. 1997, 182: 151-159. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199706)182:2<151::AID-PATH824>3.0.CO;2-3.PubMed
176.
Thomas JA, Hotchin NA, Allday MJ, Amlot P, Rose M, Yacoub M, Crawford DH: Immunohistology of Epstein-Barr virus-associated antigens in B cell disorders from immunocompromised individuals. Transplantation. 1990, 49: 944-953. 10.1097/00007890-199005000-00022.PubMed
177.
Young L, Alfieri C, Hennessey K, Evans H, O'Hara C, Anderson KC, Ritz J, Shapiro RS, Rickinson A, Kieff E, et al: Expression of Epstein-Barr virus transformation-associated genes in tissues of patients with EBV lymphoproliferative disease. New Engl J Med. 1989, 321: 1080-1085. 10.1056/NEJM198910193211604.PubMed
178.
Rowe M, Rowe DT, Gregory CD, Young LS, Farrell PJ, Rupani H, Rickinson AB: Differences in B cell growth phenotype reflect novel patterns of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. EMBO J. 1987, 6 (9): 2743-2751.PubMedCentralPubMed
179.
Rowe DT, Rowe M, Evan GI, Wallace LE, Farrell PJ, Rickinson AB: Restricted expression of EBV latent genes and T-lymphocyte-detected membrane antigen in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. EMBO J. 1986, 5: 2599-2607.PubMedCentralPubMed
180.
Rawlins DR, Milman G, Hayward SD, Hayward GS: Sequence-specific DNA binding of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) to clustered sites in the plasmid maintenance region. Cell. 1985, 42 (3): 859-868. 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90282-X.PubMed
181.
Yates JL, Warren N, Sugden B: Stable replication of plasmids derived from Epstein-Barr virus in various mammalian cells. Nature. 1985, 313 (6005): 812-815. 10.1038/313812a0.PubMed
182.
Hochberg D, Middeldorp JM, Catalina M, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K, Thorley-Lawson DA: Demonstration of the Burkitt's lymphoma Epstein-Barr virus phenotype in dividing latently infected memory cells in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004, 101 (1): 239-244. 10.1073/pnas.2237267100.PubMedCentralPubMed
183.
Amoroso R, Fitzsimmons L, Thomas WA, Kelly GL, Rowe M, Bell AI: Quantitative Studies of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded MicroRNAs Provide Novel Insights into Their Regulation. J Virol. 2011, 85 (2): 996-1010. 10.1128/JVI.01528-10.PubMedCentralPubMed
184.
Bornkamm GW: Epstein-Barr virus and its role in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma: an unresolved issue. Semin Cancer Biol. 2009, 19 (6): 351-365. 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.07.002.PubMed
185.
Henderson S, Rowe M, Gregory C, Wang F, Kieff E, Rickinson A: Induction of bcl-2 expression by Epstein-Barr virus Latent Membrane Protein-1 protects infected B cells from programmed cell death. Cell. 1991, 65: 1107-1115. 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90007-L.PubMed
186.
Fukuda M, Longnecker R: Latent membrane protein 2A inhibits transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced apoptosis through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. J Virol. 2004, 78 (4): 1697-1705. 10.1128/JVI.78.4.1697-1705.2004.PubMedCentralPubMed
187.
Dawson CW, Eliopoulos AG, Blake SM, Barker R, Young LS: Identification of functional differences between prototype Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP1 and a nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived LMP1 in human epithelial cells. Virology. 2000, 272 (1): 204-217. 10.1006/viro.2000.0344.PubMed
188.
Scholle F, Bendt KM, Raab-Traub N: Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A transforms epithelial cells, inhibits cell differentiation, and activates Akt. J Virol. 2000, 74 (22): 10681-10689. 10.1128/JVI.74.22.10681-10689.2000.PubMedCentralPubMed
189.
Vrzalikova K, Vockerodt M, Leonard S, Bell A, Wei W, Schrader A, Wright KL, Kube D, Rowe M, Woodman CB, et al: Downregulation of BLIMP1-alpha by the EBV oncogene, LMP1, disrupts the plasma cell differentiation program and prevents viral replication in B cells: implications for the pathogenesis of EBV-associated B cell lymphomas. Blood. 2011, 117 (22): 5907-5917. 10.1182/blood-2010-09-307710.PubMedCentralPubMed
190.
Zheng X, Yuan F, Hu L, Chen F, Klein G, Christensson B: Effect of B-lymphocyte- and NPC-derived EBV-LMP1 gene expression on the in vitro growth and differentiation of human epithelial cells. Intl J Cancer. 1994, 57 (5): 747-753. 10.1002/ijc.2910570523.
191.
Fox CP, Haigh TA, Taylor GS, Long HM, Lee SP, Shannon-Lowe C, O'Connor S, Bollard CM, Iqbal J, Chan WC, et al: A novel latent membrane 2 transcript expressed in Epstein-Barr virus-positive NK- and T-cell lymphoproliferative disease encodes a target for cellular immunotherapy. Blood. 2010, 116 (19): 3695-3704. 10.1182/blood-2010-06-292268.PubMedCentralPubMed
192.
Zhang Y, Nagata H, Ikeuchi T, Mukai H, Oyoshi MK, Demachi A, Morio T, Wakiguchi H, Kimura N, Shimizu N, et al: Common cytological and cytogenetic features of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive natural killer (NK) cells and cell lines derived from patients with nasal T/NK-cell lymphomas, chronic active EBV infection and hydroa vacciniforme-like eruptions. Br J Haematol. 2003, 121 (5): 805-814. 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04359.x.PubMed
193.
Iwata S, Wada K, Tobita S, Gotoh K, Ito Y, Demachi-Okamura A, Shimizu N, Nishiyama Y, Kimura H: Quantitative analysis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related gene expression in patients with chronic active EBV infection. J Gen Virol. 2010, 91 (Pt 1): 42-50.PubMed
194.
Yoshioka M, Ishiguro N, Ishiko H, Ma X, Kikuta H, Kobayashi K: Heterogeneous, restricted patterns of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent gene expression in patients with chronic active EBV infection. J Gen Virol. 2001, 82 (Pt 10): 2385-2392.PubMed
195.
Iwata S, Wada K, Tobita S, Gotoh K, Ito Y, Demachi-Okamura A, Shimizu N, Nishiyama Y, Kimura H: Quantitative Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Related Gene Expression in Patients with Chronic Active EBV Infection. J Gen Virol. 2010, 91 (Pt.1): 42-50.PubMed
196.
Yoshioka M, Kikuta H, Ishiguro N, Endo R, Kobayashi K: Latency pattern of Epstein-Barr virus and methylation status in Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. J Med Virol. 2003, 70 (3): 410-419. 10.1002/jmv.10411.PubMed
197.
Kanegane H, Wang F, Tosato G: Virus-cell interactions in a natural killer-like cell line from a patient with lymphoblastic lymphoma. Blood. 1996, 88 (12): 4667-4675.PubMed
198.
Xu ZG, Iwatsuki K, Oyama N, Ohtsuka M, Satoh M, Kikuchi S, Akiba H, Kaneko F: The latency pattern of Epstein-Barr virus infection and viral IL-10 expression in cutaneous natural killer/T-cell lymphomas. Br J Cancer. 2001, 84 (7): 920-925. 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1687.PubMedCentralPubMed
199.
van Gorp J, Brink A, Oudejans JJ, van den Brule AJ, van den Tweel JG, Jiwa NM, de Bruin PC, Meijer CJ: Expression of Epstein-Barr virus encoded latent genes in nasal T cell lymphomas. J Clin Pathol. 1996, 49 (1): 72-76. 10.1136/jcp.49.1.72.PubMedCentralPubMed
200.
Harabuchi Y, Imai S, Wakashima J, Hirao M, Kataura A, Osato T, Kon S: Nasal T-cell lymphoma causally associated with Epstein-Barr virus: clinicopathologic, phenotypic, and genotypic studies. Cancer. 1996, 77 (10): 2137-2149. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960515)77:10<2137::AID-CNCR27>3.0.CO;2-V.PubMed
201.
Bollard CM, Gottschalk S, Sheehan A, Mims M, Carrum G, Liu H, Gee AP, Brenner MK, Rooney CM, Heslop HE: LMP-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes administered to EBV+ lymphoma patients after stem cell transplant. Bone Marrow Transpl. 2011, 46 (EBMT suppl S1): O269-
202.
Isobe Y, Sugimoto K, Yang L, Tamayose K, Egashira M, Kaneko T, Takada K, Oshimi K: Epstein-Barr virus infection of human natural killer cell lines and peripheral blood natural killer cells. Cancer Res. 2004, 64 (6): 2167-2174. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-1562.PubMed
203.
Igakura T, Stinchcombe JC, Goon PK, Taylor GP, Weber JN, Griffiths GM, Tanaka Y, Osame M, Bangham CR: Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton. Science. 2003, 299 (5613): 1713-1716. 10.1126/science.1080115.PubMed
204.
Jolly C, Sattentau QJ: Retroviral spread by induction of virological synapses. Traffic. 2004, 5 (9): 643-650. 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2004.00209.x.PubMed
205.
Watry D, Hedrick JA, Siervo S, Rhodes G, Lamberti JJ, Lambris JD, Tsoukas CD: Infection of Human Thymocytes by Epstein-Barr Virus. J Exp Med. 1991, 173 (4): 971-980. 10.1084/jem.173.4.971.PubMed
206.
Ohga S, Ishimura M, Yoshimoto G, Miyamoto T, Takada H, Tanaka T, Ohshima K, Ogawa Y, Imadome K, Abe Y, et al: Clonal origin of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected T/NK-cell subpopulations in EBV-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders of childhood. J Clin Virol. 2011, 51 (1): 31-37. 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.01.014.PubMed
207.
Lam N, Sandberg ML, Sugden B: High physiological levels of LMP1 result in phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha in Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells. J Virol. 2004, 78 (4): 1657-1664. 10.1128/JVI.78.4.1657-1664.2004.PubMedCentralPubMed
208.
Brooks JM, Lee SP, Leese AM, Thomas WA, Rowe M, Rickinson AB: Cyclical expression of EBV latent membrane protein 1 in EBV-transformed B cells underpins heterogeneity of epitope presentation and CD8+ T cell recognition. J Immunol. 2009, 182 (4): 1919-1928. 10.4049/jimmunol.0713607.PubMed
209.
Kis LL, Takahara M, Nagy N, Klein G, Klein E: IL-10 can induce the expression of EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) in the absence of EBNA-2 in B-lymphocytes, in Burkitt lymphoma-, and in NK-lymphoma derived cell lines. Blood. 2006, 107 (7): 2928-2935.PubMed
210.
Ishii H, Takahara M, Nagato T, Kis LL, Nagy N, Kishibe K, Harabuchi Y, Klein E: Monocytes enhance cell proliferation and LMP1 expression of nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma cells by cell contact-dependent interaction through membrane-bound IL-15. Int J Cancer. 2011, 10.1002/ijc.25969.
211.
Rechsteiner MP, Berger C, Zauner L, Sigrist JA, Weber M, Longnecker R, Bernasconi M, Nadal D: Latent membrane protein 2B regulates susceptibility to induction of lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Virol. 2008, 82 (4): 1739-1747. 10.1128/JVI.01723-07.PubMedCentralPubMed
212.
Shah KM, Stewart SE, Wei W, Woodman CB, O'Neil JD, Dawson CW, Young LS: The EBV-encoded latent membrane proteins, LMP2A and LMP2B, limit the actions of interferon by targeting interferon receptors for degradation. Oncogene. 2009, 28 (44): 3903-3914. 10.1038/onc.2009.249.PubMedCentralPubMed
213.
Allen MD, Young LS, Dawson CW: The Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded LMP2A and LMP2B Proteins Promote Epithelial Cell Spreading and Motility. J Virol. 2005, 79 (3): 1789-1802. 10.1128/JVI.79.3.1789-1802.2005.PubMedCentralPubMed
Metadata
Title
Deciphering the role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of T and NK cell lymphoproliferations
Authors
Christopher P Fox
Claire Shannon-Lowe
Martin Rowe
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Herpesviridae / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 2042-4280
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/2042-4280-2-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

Herpesviridae 1/2011 Go to the issue

Research

The effect of murine cytomegalovirus IE-3 specific shRNA is dependent on intragenic target site due to multiple transcription initiation sites

Research

Detection of human cytomegalovirus in motile spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells in testis organotypic culture

Review

Tegument protein control of latent herpesvirus establishment and animation

Review

Cytomegalovirus-induced immunopathology and its clinical consequences

Review

Evolving evidence implicates cytomegalovirus as a promoter of malignant glioma pathogenesis

Review

Autophagy in herpesvirus immune control and immune escape

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits