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Gut Pathogens
Published in: Gut Pathogens 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Review

Gut Pharmacomicrobiomics: the tip of an iceberg of complex interactions between drugs and gut-associated microbes

Authors: Rama Saad, Mariam R Rizkallah, Ramy K Aziz

Published in: Gut Pathogens | Issue 1/2012

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Abstract

The influence of resident gut microbes on xenobiotic metabolism has been investigated at different levels throughout the past five decades. However, with the advance in sequencing and pyrotagging technologies, addressing the influence of microbes on xenobiotics had to evolve from assessing direct metabolic effects on toxins and botanicals by conventional culture-based techniques to elucidating the role of community composition on drugs metabolic profiles through DNA sequence-based phylogeny and metagenomics. Following the completion of the Human Genome Project, the rapid, substantial growth of the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) opens new horizons for studying how microbiome compositional and functional variations affect drug action, fate, and toxicity (pharmacomicrobiomics), notably in the human gut. The HMP continues to characterize the microbial communities associated with the human gut, determine whether there is a common gut microbiome profile shared among healthy humans, and investigate the effect of its alterations on health. Here, we offer a glimpse into the known effects of the gut microbiota on xenobiotic metabolism, with emphasis on cases where microbiome variations lead to different therapeutic outcomes. We discuss a few examples representing how the microbiome interacts with human metabolic enzymes in the liver and intestine. In addition, we attempt to envisage a roadmap for the future implications of the HMP on therapeutics and personalized medicine.
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Metadata
Title
Gut Pharmacomicrobiomics: the tip of an iceberg of complex interactions between drugs and gut-associated microbes
Authors
Rama Saad
Mariam R Rizkallah
Ramy K Aziz
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Gut Pathogens / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1757-4749
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-4749-4-16

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