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Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
Published in: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research

Restoration of E-cadherin expression by selective Cox-2 inhibition and the clinical relevance of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Authors: Ryoichi Fujii, Yorihisa Imanishi, Katsushi Shibata, Nobuya Sakai, Koji Sakamoto, Seiji Shigetomi, Noboru Habu, Kuninori Otsuka, Yoichiro Sato, Yoshihiro Watanabe, Hiroyuki Ozawa, Toshiki Tomita, Kaori Kameyama, Masato Fujii, Kaoru Ogawa

Published in: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | Issue 1/2014

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Abstract

Background

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by the downregulation of E-cadherin has been thought to promote metastasis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is presumed to contribute to cancer progression through its multifaceted function, and recently its inverse relationship with E-cadherin was suggested. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether selective Cox-2 inhibitors restore the expression of E-cadherin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells, and to examine the possible correlations of the expression levels of EMT-related molecules with clinicopathological factors in HNSCC.

Methods

We used quantitative real-time PCR to examine the effects of three selective Cox-2 inhibitors, i.e., celecoxib, NS-398, and SC-791 on the gene expressions of E-cadherin (CDH-1) and its transcriptional repressors (SIP1, Snail, Twist) in the human HNSCC cell lines HSC-2 and HSC-4. To evaluate the changes in E-cadherin expression on the cell surface, we used a flowcytometer and immunofluorescent staining in addition to Western blotting. We evaluated and statistically analyzed the clinicopathological factors and mRNA expressions of Cox-2, CDH-1 and its repressors in surgical specimens of 40 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).

Results

The selective Cox-2 inhibitors upregulated the E-cadherin expression on the cell surface of the HNSCC cells through the downregulation of its transcriptional repressors. The extent of this effect depended on the baseline expression levels of both E-cadherin and Cox-2 in each cell line. A univariate analysis showed that higher Cox-2 mRNA expression (p = 0.037), lower CDH-1 mRNA expression (p = 0.020), and advanced T-classification (p = 0.036) were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in TSCC. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that lower CDH-1 mRNA expression was the independent risk factor affecting lymph node metastasis (p = 0.041).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the appropriately selective administration of certain Cox-2 inhibitors may have an anti-metastatic effect through suppression of the EMT by restoring E-cadherin expression. In addition, the downregulation of CDH-1 resulting from the EMT may be closely involved in lymph node metastasis in TSCC.
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Metadata
Title
Restoration of E-cadherin expression by selective Cox-2 inhibition and the clinical relevance of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors
Ryoichi Fujii
Yorihisa Imanishi
Katsushi Shibata
Nobuya Sakai
Koji Sakamoto
Seiji Shigetomi
Noboru Habu
Kuninori Otsuka
Yoichiro Sato
Yoshihiro Watanabe
Hiroyuki Ozawa
Toshiki Tomita
Kaori Kameyama
Masato Fujii
Kaoru Ogawa
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1756-9966
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-9966-33-40

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