Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair
Published in: Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair 1/2010

Open Access 01-12-2010 | Review

The multifaceted role of pirfenidone and its novel targets

Authors: José Macías-Barragán, Ana Sandoval-Rodríguez, Jose Navarro-Partida, Juan Armendáriz-Borunda

Published in: Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair | Issue 1/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Pirfenidone (PFD) is a molecule that exhibits antifibrotic properties in a variety of in vitro and animal models of lung, liver and renal fibrosis. These pathologies share many fibrogenic pathways with an abnormal fibrous wound-healing process; consequently, tissue repair and tissue regeneration-regulating mechanisms are altered.

Objective

To investigate the usefulness of PFD as an antifibrotic agent in clinical and experimental models of fibrotic disease.

Conclusions

There is a growing understanding of the molecular effects of PFD on the wound healing mechanism, leading to novel approaches for the management of fibrosis in lung, liver and renal tissues. Although the optimum treatment for fibrosis remains undefined, it is possible that combined therapeutic regimens that include this wide-application molecule, pirfenidone, could offer a useful treatment for fibrotic disease.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
2.
Shi S, Wu J, Chen H, Chen H, Wu J, Zeng F: Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of pirfenidone, an antifibrotic agent, in healthy Chinese volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2007, 47: 1268-1276. 10.1177/0091270007304104.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Rubino CM, Bhavnani SM, Ambrose PG, Forrest A, Loutit JS: Effect of food and antiacids on the pharmacokinetics of pirfenidone in older healthy adults. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009, 22: 279-285. 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.03.003.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Cho ME, Kopp JB: Pirfenidone: an anti-fibrotic therapy for progressive kidney disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2010, 19: 275-283. 10.1517/13543780903501539.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
5.
Braim AE, Macdonald MH, Bruss ML, Stanley SD, Giri JK, Giri SN: Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of pirfenidone administered intravenously in horses. Am J Vet Res. 2008, 69: 952-960. 10.2460/ajvr.69.7.952.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Bruss ML, Stanley SD, Margolin SB, Giri SN: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of intravenous pirfenidone in sheep. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2008, 29: 119-126. 10.1002/bdd.595.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zamara E, Novo E, Parola M: Oxidative stress and liver fibrosis: from liver injury to the modulation of cell signaling and response. Liver Diseases: Biochemical Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Insights. Edited by: Ali S, Mann DA, Friedman SL. 2004, Enfield, NH. USA: Science Publishers, 1: 93-114.
8.
Parola M, Robino G: Oxidative stress-related molecules and liver fibrosis. J Hepatol. 2001, 35: 297-306. 10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00142-8.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Bedossa P, Houglum K, Trautwein C, Holstege A, Chojkier M: Stimulation of collagen α 1(I) gene expression is associated with lipid peroxidation in hepatocellular injury. A link to tissue fibrosis?. Hepatology. 1994, 19: 1262-1271.PubMed
10.
Nanjii AA, Greenberg SS, Tahan SR, Fogt F, Loscalzo J, Sadrzadeh SM, Xie J, Stamler JS: Nitric oxide production in experimental alcoholic liver disease in the rat: role in protection from injury. Gastroenterology. 1995, 109: 899-907. 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90400-X.CrossRef
11.
Muriel P: Nitric oxide protection of rat liver from lipid peroxidation, collagen accumulation, and liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998, 56: 773-779. 10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00220-2.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Mourelle M, Muriel P, Favari L, Franco T: Prevention of CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis by silymarin. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1989, 3: 183-191. 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1989.tb00449.x.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Boigk G, Stroedter L, Herbst H, Waldschmidt J, Riecken EO, Schuppan D: Silymarin retard collagen accumulation in early and advanced biliary fibrosis secondary to complete bile duct obliteration in rats. Hepatology. 1997, 26: 643-649. 10.1002/hep.510260316.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Parola M, Leonarduzzi G, Biasi F, Albano E, Biocca ME, Poli G, Dianzani MU: Vitamin E dietary supplementation protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver damage and cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1992, 16: 1014-1021. 10.1002/hep.1840160426.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Parola M, Muraca R, Dianzani I, Barrera G, Leonarduzzi G, Bendinelli P, Piccoletti R, Poli G: Vitamin E dietary supplementation inhibits transforming growth factor β1 gene expression in the rat liver. FEBS Lett. 1992, 308: 266-270. 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81290-3.CrossRef
16.
Masini A, Ceccarelli D, Giovannini F, Montosi G, Garuti C, Pietrangelo A: Iron-induced oxidant stress leads to irreversible mitochondrial dysfunctions and fibrosis in the liver of chronic iron-dosed gerbils. The effect of silybin. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2000, 32: 175-182. 10.1023/A:1005512014280.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Gasso M, Rubio M, Varala G, Cabre M, Cavalleria J, Alonso E, Deulofem R, Gimenez A, Pajares M, Pares A, Mato JM, Rodes J: Effects of S-adenosylmethionine of lipid peroxidation and liver fibrogenesis in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 1996, 25: 200-205. 10.1016/S0168-8278(96)80074-2.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Poli G, Parola M: Oxidative damage and fibrogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med. 1997, 22: 287-305. 10.1016/S0891-5849(96)00327-9.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Novo E, Parola M: Redox mechanisms in hepatic chronic wound healing and fibrogenesis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2008, 13;1: 5-10.1186/1755-1536-1-5.CrossRef
20.
Misra HP, Rabideau C: Pirfenidone inhibits NADPH-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation and scavenges hydroxyl radicals. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000, 204: 119-126. 10.1023/A:1007023532508.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Salazar-Montes A, Ruiz-Corro L, López-Reyes A, Castrejón-Gómez E, Armendáriz-Borunda J: Potent antioxidant role of pirfenidone in experimental cirrhosis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008, 24;595: 69-77. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.110.CrossRef
22.
Grattendick KJ, Nakashima JM, Feng L, Giri SN, Margolin SB: Effects of three anti-TNF-alpha drugs: etanercept, infliximab and pirfenidone on release of TNF-alpha in medium and TNF-alpha associated with the cell in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol. 2008, 679-687.
23.
Zhao XY, Zeng X, Li XM, Wang TL, Wang BE: Pirfenidone effectively inhibits carbon tetrachloride- and albumin complex-induced liver fibrosis in rodents by preventing activation of hepatic stellate cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009, 36: 963-8. 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05194.x.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Rouhani FN, Brantly ML, Markello TC, Helip-Wooley A, O'Brien K, Hess R, Huizing M, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR: Alveolar Macrophage Dysregulation in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type-1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009, 1;180: 1114-21. 10.1164/rccm.200901-0023OC.CrossRef
25.
Visner GA, Liu F, Bizargity P, Liu H, Liu K, Yang J, Wang L, Hancock WW: Pirfenidone inhibits T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine and chemokine production, and host alloresponses. Transplantation. 2009, 88: 330-8. 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181ae3392.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
26.
Nakayama S, Mukae H, Sakamoto N, Kakugawa T, Yoshioka S, Soda H, Oku H, Urata Y, Kondo T, Kubota H, Nagata K, Kohno S: Pirfenidone inhibits the expression of HSP47 in TGF-beta1-stimulated human lung fibroblasts. Life Sci. 2008, 82: 210-7. 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.11.003.CrossRefPubMed
27.
De Paso WJ, Winterbauer RH: Interstitial lung disease. Dis Mon. 1991, 37: 61-133.
28.
Sheppard MN, Harrison NK: New perspectives on basic mechanisms in lung disease. Lung injury, inflammatory mediators, and fibroblast activation in fibrosing alveolitis. Thorax. 1992, 47: 1064-74. 10.1136/thx.47.12.1064.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
29.
Zia S, Hyde DM, Giri SN: Development of a bleomycin hamster model of subchronic lung fibrosis. Pathology. 1992, 24: 155-63. 10.3109/00313029209063164.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Iyer SN, Gurujeyalakshmi G, Giri SN: Effects of pirfenidone on procollagen gene expression at the transcriptional level in bleomycin hamster model of lung fibrosis. JPET. 1999, 289: 211-218.
31.
James P, Kehre F, Solomon B: Margolin: Pirfenidone diminishes cyclophosphamide-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Toxicology Letters. 1997, 90: 125-132. 10.1016/S0378-4274(96)03845-3.CrossRef
32.
Iyer SN, Gurujeyalakshmi G, Giri SN: Effects of pirfenidone on transforming growth factor-beta gene expression at the transcriptional level in bleomycin hamster model of lung fibrosis. JPET. 1999, 291: 367-373.
33.
Card JW, Racz WJ, Brien JF, Margolin SB, Massey TE: Differential Effects of pirfenidone on acute pulmonary injury and ensuing fibrosis in the hamster model of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. Toxicological Sciences. 2003, 75: 169-180. 10.1093/toxsci/kfg167.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Gurujeyalakshmi G, Hollinger MA, Giri SN: Pirfenidone inhibits PDGF isoforms in bleomycin hamster model of lung fibrosis at the translational level. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 1999, 276: 311-318.
35.
Corbel M, Lanchou J, Germain N, Malledant Y, Boichot E, Lagente V: Modulation of airway remodeling-associated mediators by the antifibrotic compound, pirfenidone, and the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, batimastat, during acute lung injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001, 24;426: 113-121. 10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01209-2.CrossRef
36.
Oku H, Shimizu T, Kawabata T, Nagira M, Hikita I, Ueyama A, Matsushima S, Torii M, Arimura A: Antifibrotic action of pirfenidone and prednisolone: Different effects on pulmonary cytokines and growth factors in bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2008, 590: 400-408. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.046.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Liu H, Drew P, Gaugler AC, Visner GA: Pirfenidone inhibits lung allograft fibrosis through l-arginine-arginase pathway. American Journal of Transplantation. 2005, 5: 1256-1263. 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00876.x.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Liu H, Drew P, Cheng Y, Visner GA: Pirfenidone inhibits inflammatory responses and ameliorates allograft injury in a rat lung transplant model. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005, 130: 852-858. 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.04.012.CrossRef
39.
Mei S, Yao W, Zhu Y, Zhao J: Protection of pirfenidone against an early phase of oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in rats. JPET. 2005, 313: 379-388. 10.1124/jpet.104.078030.CrossRef
40.
Visner GA, Liu F, Bizargity P, Liu H, Liu K, Yang J, Wang L, Hancock WW: Pirfenidone inhibits T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine and chemokine production, and host alloresponses. Transplantation. 2009, 15;88: 330-338. 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181ae3392.CrossRef
41.
Spond J, Case N, Chapman RW, Crawley Y, Egan RW, Fine J, Hey JA, Kreutner W, Kung T, Wang P, Minnicozzi M: Inhibition of experimental acute pulmonary inflammation by pirfenidone. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2003, 16: 207-214. 10.1016/S1094-5539(03)00026-9.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Raghu G, Craig Johnson C, Lockhart D, Mageto Y: Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with a new antifibrotic agent, pirfenidone. Results of a prospective, open-label phase II study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999, 159: 1061-1069.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Azuma A, Nukiwa T, Tsuboi E, Suga M, Abe S, Nakata K, Taguchi Y, Nagai S, Itoh H, Ohi M, Sato A, Kudoh S: Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005, 171: 1040-1047. 10.1164/rccm.200404-571OC.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Gahl WA, Brantly M, Troendle J, Avila NA, Padua A, Montalvo C, Cardona H, Calis KA, Gochuico B: Effect of pirfenidone on the pulmonary fibrosis of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 2002, 76: ;234-242. 10.1016/S1096-7192(02)00044-6.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Pinzani M, Vizzutti F: Fibrosis and cirrhosis reversibility: clinical features and implications. Clin Liver Dis. 2008, 12: 901-913. 10.1016/j.cld.2008.07.006.CrossRefPubMed
46.
McCrudden R, Iredale JP: Liver fibrosis, the hepatic stellate cell and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Histol Histopathol. 2000, 15: 1159-1168.PubMed
47.
Di Sario A, Bendia E, Svegliati Baroni G, Ridolfi F, Casini A, Ceni E, Saccomanno S, Marzioni M, Trozzi L, Sterpetti P, Taffetani S, Benedetti A: Effect of pirfenidone on rat hepatic stellate cell proliferation and collagen production. J Hepatol. 2002, 37: 584-591. 10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00245-3.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Wang F, Wen T, Chen XY, Wu H: Protective effects of pirfenidone on D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Inflamm Res. 2008, 57: 183-188. 10.1007/s00011-007-7153-8.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Tsuchiya H, Kaibori M, Yanagida H, Yokoigawa N, Kwon AH, Okumura T, Kamiyama Y: Pirfenidone prevents endotoxin-induced liver injury after partial hepatectomy in rats. J Hepatol. 2004, 40: 94-101. 10.1016/j.jhep.2003.09.023.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Kaibori M, Yanagida H, Yokoigawa N, Kwon AH, Okumura T, Kamiyama Y: Effect of pirfenidone on induction of chemokines in rat hepatocytes. Transplant Proc. 2004, 36: 1980-1984. 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.08.065.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Garcia-Benavides L, Hernandez I, Sandoval A, Salazar A, Garcia J, Vera J, Grijalva G, Muriel P, Margolin S, Borunda J: Pirfenidone effectively reverses experimental liver fibrosis. J Hepatol. 2002, 37: 797-805. 10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00272-6.CrossRef
52.
Di Sario A, Bendia E, Macarri G, Candelaresi C, Taffetani S, Marzioni M, Omenetti A, De Minicis S, Trozzi L, Benedetti A: The anti-fibrotic effect of pirfenidone in rat liver fibrosis is mediated by downregulation of procollagen alpha1(I), TIMP-1 and MMP-2. Dig Liver Dis. 2004, 36: 744-751. 10.1016/j.dld.2004.05.012.CrossRefPubMed
53.
54.
Armendáriz-Borunda J, Rincón AR, Muñoz-Valle JF, Bueno-Topete M, Oregón-Romero E, Islas-Carbajal MC, Medina-Preciado D, González-García I, Bautista CA, García-Rocha S, Godoy J, Vázquez-Del Mercado M, Troyo-SanRoman R, Arellano-Olivera I, Lucano S, Alvarez-Rodríguez A, Salazar A: Fibrogenic polymorphisms (TGF-β, PAI-1, AT) in Mexican patients with established liver fibrosis. Potential correlation with pirfenidone treatment. J Investig Med. 2008, 56: 944-953.PubMed
55.
Armendáriz-Borunda J, Islas-Carbajal MC, Meza-García E, Rincón AR, Lucano S, Sandoval AS, Salazar A, Berumen J, Alvarez A, Covarrubias A, Aréchiga G, García L: A pilot study in patients with established advanced liver fibrosis using pirfenidone. Gut. 2006, 55: 1663-1665. 10.1136/gut.2006.107136.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
56.
Hewitson TD, Kelynack KJ, Tait MG, Martic M, Jones CL, Margolin SB, Becker GJ: Pirfenidone reduces in vitro rat renal fibroblast activation and mitogenesis. J Nephrol. 2001, 14: 453-460.PubMed
57.
Shimizu T, Fukagawa M, Kuroda T, Hata S, Iwasaki Y, Nemoto M, Shirai K, Yamauchi S, Margolin SB, Shimizu F, Kurokawa K: Pirfenidone prevents collagen accumulation in the remnant kidney in rats with partial nephrectomy. Kidney Int Suppl. 1997, 63: S239-243.PubMed
58.
Shimizu T, Kuroda T, Hata S, Fukagawa M, Margolin SB, Kurokawa K: Pirfenidone improves renal function and fibrosis in the post-obstructed kidney. Kidney Int. 1998, 54: 99-109. 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00962.x.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Shihab FS, Bennett WM, Yi H, Andoh TF: Pirfenidone treatment decreases transforming growth factor-beta1 and matrix proteins and ameliorates fibrosis in chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Am J Transplant. 2002, 2: 111-119. 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.020201.x.CrossRefPubMed
60.
RamachandraRao SP, Zhu Y, Ravasi T, McGowan TA, Toh I, Dunn SR, Okada S, Shaw MA, Sharma K: Pirfenidone is renoprotective in diabetic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009, 20: 1765-1775. 10.1681/ASN.2008090931.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
61.
Miric G, Dallemagne C, Endre Z, Margolin S, Taylor SM, Brown L: Reversal of cardiac and renal fibrosis by pirfenidone and spironolactone in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2001, 133: 687-694. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704131.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
62.
Brook NR, Waller JR, Bicknell GR, Nicholson ML: The experimental agent pirfenidone reduces pro-fibrotic gene expression in a model of tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity. J Surg Res. 2005, 15;125: 137-143. 10.1016/j.jss.2004.12.007.CrossRef
63.
Leh S, Vaagnes Ø, Margolin SB, Iversen BM, Forslund T: Pirfenidone and candesartan ameliorate morphological damage in mild chronic anti-GBM nephritis in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005, 20: 71-82. 10.1093/ndt/gfh562.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Park HS, Bao L, Kim YJ, Cho IH, Lee CH, Hyun BH, Margolin SB, Park YH: Pirfenidone suppressed the development of glomerulosclerosis in the FGS/Kist mouse. J Korean Med Sci. 2003, 18: 527-533.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
65.
Al-Bayati MA, Xie Y, Mohr FC, Margolin SB, Giri SN: Effect of pirfenidone against vanadate-induced kidney fibrosis in rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002, 1;64: 517-525. 10.1016/S0006-2952(02)01213-3.CrossRef
66.
Shihab FS, Bennett WM, Yi H, Andoh TF: Effect of pirfenidone on apoptosis-regulatory genes in chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Transplantation. 2005, 79: 419-426. 10.1097/01.TP.0000151721.99418.48.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Cho ME, Smith DC, Branton MH, Penzak SR, Kopp JB: Pirfenidone slows renal function decline in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007, 2: 906-913. 10.2215/CJN.01050207. Comment in: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007, 2: 876-878CrossRefPubMed
68.
Gancedo M, Ruiz-Corro L, Salazar-Montes A, Rincón AR, Armendáriz-Borunda J: Pirfenidone prevents capsular contracture after mammary implantation. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008, 32: 32-40. 10.1007/s00266-007-9051-4.CrossRefPubMed
69.
Shetlar MR, Shetlar DJ, Bloom RF, Shetlar CL, Margolin SB: Involution of keloid implants in athymic mice treated with pirfenidone or with triamcinolone. J Lab Clin Med. 1998, 132: 491-496. 10.1016/S0022-2143(98)90127-5.CrossRefPubMed
70.
Armendariz-Borunda J, Medina-Preciado D, Gonzalez-Garcia I, Miranda RA, Lyra-Gonzalez I, Magaña-Castro R, Peña-Santoyo P, Garcia-Rocha S, Bautista CA, Godoy J, Flores-Montana J, Vazquez-Del Mercado M, Muñoz-Valle JF, Floresvillar-Mosqueda J, Lucano-Landeros MS, Sanchez-Parada MG: A pilot study with kitoscell™ in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophics scars caused by burns in pediatric patients. Ann Plast Surg.
71.
Pesce E, Struma E, Giri SN, Margolin SB: Antirheumatic effect of pirfenidone in a double blind clinical pilot trial in humans. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2004, 115-116: 39-48.PubMed
72.
Walker JE, Giri SN, Margolin SB: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study of oral pirfenidone for treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2005, 11: 149-158. 10.1191/1352458505ms1134oa.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
The multifaceted role of pirfenidone and its novel targets
Authors
José Macías-Barragán
Ana Sandoval-Rodríguez
Jose Navarro-Partida
Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
Publication date
01-12-2010
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair / Issue 1/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1755-1536
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-1536-3-16

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair 1/2010 Go to the issue

Research

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in primary human bronchial epithelial cells is Smad-dependent and enhanced by fibronectin and TNF-α

Short review

Interstitial fluid: the overlooked component of the tumor microenvironment?

Research

Mast cells and hypoxia drive tissue metaplasia and heterotopic ossification in idiopathic arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty

Research

Serum amyloid P ameliorates radiation-induced oral mucositis and fibrosis

Short review

Towards an anti-fibrotic therapy for scleroderma: targeting myofibroblast differentiation and recruitment

Research

T regulatory cells and attenuated bleomycin-induced fibrosis in lungs of CCR7-/- mice
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits