Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Diagnostic Pathology 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Research

LMP1 and LMP2A are potential prognostic markers of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL)

Authors: Yuan Mao, Da-Wei Zhang, Huijun Zhu, Hong Lin, Lin Xiong, Qing Cao, Ying Liu, Qing-Dong Li, Jia-Ren Xu, Lin-Feng Xu, Ren-Jie Chen

Published in: Diagnostic Pathology | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Latent membrane protein (LMP) 1 and LMP2A encoded by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are associated with the development of malignancies, but their expression in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) and the relationship with clinical characteristics of this disease remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the expression of LMP1 and LMP2A in ENKTL, and investigated the correlations between LMP1 and LMP2A expression with clinicopathological characteristics of ENKTL patients.

Methods

Paraffin sections of surgically removed samples from 16 ENKTL patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the related clinicopathological data were collected and analyzed.

Results

Elevated expression (immunohistochemistry score ≥ 4) of LMP1 and LMP2A was detected in the tumor cells of ENKTL. High LMP1 expression was associated with positive B symptoms (p = 0.012), while high LMP2A expression was related to gender (p = 0.029). The expression of both LMP1 and LMP2A showed significant correlations with patients’ overall survival (p = 0.049, p = 0.036).

Conclusion

LMP1 and LMP2A may be prognostic indicators of survival in patients with ENKTL.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW: WHO classification of tumours. Volume 3: pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 2001, Lyon: IARC Press Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW: WHO classification of tumours. Volume 3: pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 2001, Lyon: IARC Press
2.
go back to reference Pongpruttipan T, Kummalue T, Bedavanija A, Khuhapinant A, Ohshima K, Arakawa F, Niino D, Sukpanichnant S: Aberrant antigenic expression in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a multi-parameter study from Thailand. Diagn Pathol. 2011, 6: 79-10.1186/1746-1596-6-79.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Pongpruttipan T, Kummalue T, Bedavanija A, Khuhapinant A, Ohshima K, Arakawa F, Niino D, Sukpanichnant S: Aberrant antigenic expression in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a multi-parameter study from Thailand. Diagn Pathol. 2011, 6: 79-10.1186/1746-1596-6-79.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Cao W, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhang L, Sun B: Expression of LMP-1 and cyclin D1 protein is correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma. Mol Med Report. 2008, 1: 363-368. Cao W, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhang L, Sun B: Expression of LMP-1 and cyclin D1 protein is correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma. Mol Med Report. 2008, 1: 363-368.
4.
go back to reference Suzuki R, Suzumiya J, Yamaguchi M, Nakamura S, Kameoka J, Kojima H, Abe M, Kinoshita T, Yoshino T, Iwatsuki K, Kagami Y, Tsuzuki T, Kurokawa M, Ito K, Kawa K, Oshimi K, NK-cell Tumor Study Group: Prognostic factors for mature natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms: aggressive NK cell leukemia and extranodal NK cell lymphoma, nasal type. Ann Oncol. 2010, 21: 1032-1040. 10.1093/annonc/mdp418.CrossRefPubMed Suzuki R, Suzumiya J, Yamaguchi M, Nakamura S, Kameoka J, Kojima H, Abe M, Kinoshita T, Yoshino T, Iwatsuki K, Kagami Y, Tsuzuki T, Kurokawa M, Ito K, Kawa K, Oshimi K, NK-cell Tumor Study Group: Prognostic factors for mature natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms: aggressive NK cell leukemia and extranodal NK cell lymphoma, nasal type. Ann Oncol. 2010, 21: 1032-1040. 10.1093/annonc/mdp418.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Kim SJ, Kim K, Kim BS, Kim CY, Suh C, Huh J, Lee SW, Kim JS, Cho J, Lee GW, Kang KM, Eom HS, Pyo HR, Ahn YC, Ko YH, Kim WS: Phase II trial of concurrent radiation and weekly cisplatin followed by VIPD chemotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: consortium for improving survival of lymphoma study. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27: 6027-6032. 10.1200/JCO.2009.23.8592.CrossRefPubMed Kim SJ, Kim K, Kim BS, Kim CY, Suh C, Huh J, Lee SW, Kim JS, Cho J, Lee GW, Kang KM, Eom HS, Pyo HR, Ahn YC, Ko YH, Kim WS: Phase II trial of concurrent radiation and weekly cisplatin followed by VIPD chemotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: consortium for improving survival of lymphoma study. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27: 6027-6032. 10.1200/JCO.2009.23.8592.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Yamaguchi M, Tobinai K, Oguchi M, Ishizuka N, Kobayashi Y, Isobe Y, Ishizawa K, Maseki N, Itoh K, Usui N, Wasada I, Kinoshita T, Ohshima K, Matsuno Y, Terauchi T, Nawano S, Ishikura S, Kagami Y, Hotta T, Oshimi K: Phase I/II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: Japan clinical oncology group study JCOG0211. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27: 5594-5600. 10.1200/JCO.2009.23.8295.CrossRefPubMed Yamaguchi M, Tobinai K, Oguchi M, Ishizuka N, Kobayashi Y, Isobe Y, Ishizawa K, Maseki N, Itoh K, Usui N, Wasada I, Kinoshita T, Ohshima K, Matsuno Y, Terauchi T, Nawano S, Ishikura S, Kagami Y, Hotta T, Oshimi K: Phase I/II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: Japan clinical oncology group study JCOG0211. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27: 5594-5600. 10.1200/JCO.2009.23.8295.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Pagano L, Gallamini A, Trapè G, Fianchi L, Mattei D, Todeschini G, Spadea A, Cinieri S, Lannitto E, Martelli M, Nosari A, Bona ED, Tosti ME, Petti MC, Falcucci P, Montanaro M, Pulsoni A, Larocca LM, Leone G, Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi: NK/T-cell lymphomas ‘nasal type’: an Italian multicentric retrospective survey. Ann Oncol. 2006, 17: 794-800. 10.1093/annonc/mdl015.CrossRefPubMed Pagano L, Gallamini A, Trapè G, Fianchi L, Mattei D, Todeschini G, Spadea A, Cinieri S, Lannitto E, Martelli M, Nosari A, Bona ED, Tosti ME, Petti MC, Falcucci P, Montanaro M, Pulsoni A, Larocca LM, Leone G, Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi: NK/T-cell lymphomas ‘nasal type’: an Italian multicentric retrospective survey. Ann Oncol. 2006, 17: 794-800. 10.1093/annonc/mdl015.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Takahashi E, Ohshima K, Kimura H, Hara K, Suzuki R, Kawa K, Eimoto T, Nakamura S, NK-cell Tumor Study Group: Clinicopathological analysis of the age-related differences in patients with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated extranasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma with reference to the relationship with aggressive NK cell leukaemia and chronic active EBV infection-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Histopathology. 2011, 59: 660-671. 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03976.x.CrossRefPubMed Takahashi E, Ohshima K, Kimura H, Hara K, Suzuki R, Kawa K, Eimoto T, Nakamura S, NK-cell Tumor Study Group: Clinicopathological analysis of the age-related differences in patients with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated extranasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma with reference to the relationship with aggressive NK cell leukaemia and chronic active EBV infection-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Histopathology. 2011, 59: 660-671. 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03976.x.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Carbone A, Gloghini A, Dotti G: EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders: classification and treatment. Oncologist. 2008, 13: 577-585. 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0036.CrossRefPubMed Carbone A, Gloghini A, Dotti G: EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders: classification and treatment. Oncologist. 2008, 13: 577-585. 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0036.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Cohen JI, Bollard CM, Khanna R, Pittaluga S: Current understanding of the role of Epstein-Barr virus in lymphomagenesis and therapeutic approaches to EBV-associated lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008, 1: 27-34.CrossRef Cohen JI, Bollard CM, Khanna R, Pittaluga S: Current understanding of the role of Epstein-Barr virus in lymphomagenesis and therapeutic approaches to EBV-associated lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008, 1: 27-34.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Kohrt H, Advani R: Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: current concepts in biology and treatment. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009, 50: 1773-1784. 10.3109/10428190903186502.CrossRefPubMed Kohrt H, Advani R: Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: current concepts in biology and treatment. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009, 50: 1773-1784. 10.3109/10428190903186502.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Yang QX, Pei XJ, Tian XY, Li Y, Li Z: Secondary cutaneous Epstein-Barr virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a case report and review of literature. Diagn Pathol. 2012, 7: 7-10.1186/1746-1596-7-7.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Yang QX, Pei XJ, Tian XY, Li Y, Li Z: Secondary cutaneous Epstein-Barr virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a case report and review of literature. Diagn Pathol. 2012, 7: 7-10.1186/1746-1596-7-7.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Kieff ED, Rickinson AB, et al.: Epstein-Barr virus and its replication. Fields virology, vol 2. Edited by: Knipe DM. 2007, Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2603-2654. 5 Kieff ED, Rickinson AB, et al.: Epstein-Barr virus and its replication. Fields virology, vol 2. Edited by: Knipe DM. 2007, Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2603-2654. 5
14.
go back to reference Shair KH, Bendt KM, Edwards RH, Bedford EC, Nielsen JN, Raab-Traub N: EBV latent membrane protein 1 activates Akt, NFkappaB, and Stat3 in B cell lymphomas. PLoS Pathog. 2007, 3: e166-10.1371/journal.ppat.0030166.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Shair KH, Bendt KM, Edwards RH, Bedford EC, Nielsen JN, Raab-Traub N: EBV latent membrane protein 1 activates Akt, NFkappaB, and Stat3 in B cell lymphomas. PLoS Pathog. 2007, 3: e166-10.1371/journal.ppat.0030166.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Vrzalikova K, Vockerodt M, Leonard S, Bell A, Wei W, Schrader A, Wright KL, Kube D, Rowe M, Woodman CB, Murray PG: Down-regulation of BLIMP1α by the EBV oncogene, LMP-1, disrupts the plasma cell differentiation program and prevents viral replication in B cells: implications for the pathogenesis of EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas. Blood. 2011, 117: 5907-5917. 10.1182/blood-2010-09-307710.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Vrzalikova K, Vockerodt M, Leonard S, Bell A, Wei W, Schrader A, Wright KL, Kube D, Rowe M, Woodman CB, Murray PG: Down-regulation of BLIMP1α by the EBV oncogene, LMP-1, disrupts the plasma cell differentiation program and prevents viral replication in B cells: implications for the pathogenesis of EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas. Blood. 2011, 117: 5907-5917. 10.1182/blood-2010-09-307710.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Chen F, Liu C, Lindvall C, Xu D, Ernberg I: Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane 2A (LMP2A) down-regulates telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) in epithelial cell lines. Int J Cancer. 2005, 113: 284-289. 10.1002/ijc.20594.CrossRefPubMed Chen F, Liu C, Lindvall C, Xu D, Ernberg I: Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane 2A (LMP2A) down-regulates telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) in epithelial cell lines. Int J Cancer. 2005, 113: 284-289. 10.1002/ijc.20594.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Pang MF, Lin KW, Peh SC: The signaling pathways of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) inlatency and cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2009, 14: 222-247. 10.2478/s11658-008-0045-2.CrossRefPubMed Pang MF, Lin KW, Peh SC: The signaling pathways of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) inlatency and cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2009, 14: 222-247. 10.2478/s11658-008-0045-2.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Mancao C, Hammerschmidt W: Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A is a B-cell receptor mimic and essential for B-cell survival. Blood. 2007, 110: 3715-3721. 10.1182/blood-2007-05-090142.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Mancao C, Hammerschmidt W: Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A is a B-cell receptor mimic and essential for B-cell survival. Blood. 2007, 110: 3715-3721. 10.1182/blood-2007-05-090142.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Bieging KT, Swanson-Mungerson M, Amick AC, Longnecker R: Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt’s lymphoma: a role for latent membrane protein 2A. Cell Cycle. 2010, 9: 901-908. 10.4161/cc.9.5.10840.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Bieging KT, Swanson-Mungerson M, Amick AC, Longnecker R: Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt’s lymphoma: a role for latent membrane protein 2A. Cell Cycle. 2010, 9: 901-908. 10.4161/cc.9.5.10840.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Portis T, Dyck P, Longnecker R: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) LMP2A induces alterations in gene transcription similar to those observed in reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2003, 102: 4166-4178. 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1018.CrossRefPubMed Portis T, Dyck P, Longnecker R: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) LMP2A induces alterations in gene transcription similar to those observed in reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2003, 102: 4166-4178. 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1018.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Liang X, Graham DK: Natural killer cell neoplasms. Cancer. 2008, 112: 1425-1436. 10.1002/cncr.23316.CrossRefPubMed Liang X, Graham DK: Natural killer cell neoplasms. Cancer. 2008, 112: 1425-1436. 10.1002/cncr.23316.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Friedrich M, Villena-Heinsen C, Reitnauer K, Schmidt W, Tilgen W, Reichrath J: Malignancies of the uterine corpus and immunoreactivity score of the DNA “mismatch-repair” enzyme human Mut-S-homologon-2. J Histochem Cytochem. 1999, 47: 113-118. 10.1177/002215549904700112.CrossRefPubMed Friedrich M, Villena-Heinsen C, Reitnauer K, Schmidt W, Tilgen W, Reichrath J: Malignancies of the uterine corpus and immunoreactivity score of the DNA “mismatch-repair” enzyme human Mut-S-homologon-2. J Histochem Cytochem. 1999, 47: 113-118. 10.1177/002215549904700112.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Mao Y, Zhang DW, Wen J, Cao Q, Chen RJ, Zhu J, Feng ZQ: A novel LMP1 antibody synergizes with mitomycin C to inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth in vivo through inducing apoptosis and downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor. Int J Mol Sci. 2012, 13: 2208-2218. 10.3390/ijms13022208.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Mao Y, Zhang DW, Wen J, Cao Q, Chen RJ, Zhu J, Feng ZQ: A novel LMP1 antibody synergizes with mitomycin C to inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth in vivo through inducing apoptosis and downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor. Int J Mol Sci. 2012, 13: 2208-2218. 10.3390/ijms13022208.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Ho CH, Chen CL, Li WY, Chen CJ: Decoy receptor 3, upregulated by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1, enhances nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell migration and invasion. Carcinogenesis. 2009, 30: 1443-1451. 10.1093/carcin/bgp135.CrossRefPubMed Ho CH, Chen CL, Li WY, Chen CJ: Decoy receptor 3, upregulated by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1, enhances nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell migration and invasion. Carcinogenesis. 2009, 30: 1443-1451. 10.1093/carcin/bgp135.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Chen R, Zhang D, Mao Y, Zhu J, Ming H, Wen J, Ma J, Cao Q, Lin H, Tang Q, Liang J, Feng Z: A human Fab-based immunoconjugate specific for the LMP1 extracellular domain inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012, 11: 594-603. 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0725.CrossRefPubMed Chen R, Zhang D, Mao Y, Zhu J, Ming H, Wen J, Ma J, Cao Q, Lin H, Tang Q, Liang J, Feng Z: A human Fab-based immunoconjugate specific for the LMP1 extracellular domain inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012, 11: 594-603. 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0725.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Bollard CM, Gottschalk S, Leen AM, Weiss H, Straathof KC, Carrum G, Khalil M, Wu MF, Huls MH, Chang CC, Gresik MV, Gee AP, Brenner MK, Rooney CM, Heslop HE: Complete responses of relapsed lymphoma following genetic modification of tumor-antigen presenting cells and T-lymphocyte transfer. Blood. 2007, 110: 2838-2845. 10.1182/blood-2007-05-091280.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Bollard CM, Gottschalk S, Leen AM, Weiss H, Straathof KC, Carrum G, Khalil M, Wu MF, Huls MH, Chang CC, Gresik MV, Gee AP, Brenner MK, Rooney CM, Heslop HE: Complete responses of relapsed lymphoma following genetic modification of tumor-antigen presenting cells and T-lymphocyte transfer. Blood. 2007, 110: 2838-2845. 10.1182/blood-2007-05-091280.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Dargart JL, Fish K, Gordon LI, Longnecker R, Cen O: Dasatinib therapy results in decreased B cell proliferation, splenomegaly, and tumor growth in a murine model of lymphoma expressing Myc and Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A. Antiviral Res. 2012, 95: 49-56. 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.05.003.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Dargart JL, Fish K, Gordon LI, Longnecker R, Cen O: Dasatinib therapy results in decreased B cell proliferation, splenomegaly, and tumor growth in a murine model of lymphoma expressing Myc and Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A. Antiviral Res. 2012, 95: 49-56. 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.05.003.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Fox CP, Haigh TA, Taylor GS, Long HM, Lee SP, Shannon-Lowe C, O’Connor S, Bollard CM, Iqbal J, Chan WC, Rickinson AB, Bell AI, Rowe M: A novel latent membrane 2 transcript expressed in Epstein-Barr virus-positive NK- and T-cell lymphoproliferative disease encodes a target for cellular immunotherapy. Blood. 2010, 116: 3695-3704. 10.1182/blood-2010-06-292268.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Fox CP, Haigh TA, Taylor GS, Long HM, Lee SP, Shannon-Lowe C, O’Connor S, Bollard CM, Iqbal J, Chan WC, Rickinson AB, Bell AI, Rowe M: A novel latent membrane 2 transcript expressed in Epstein-Barr virus-positive NK- and T-cell lymphoproliferative disease encodes a target for cellular immunotherapy. Blood. 2010, 116: 3695-3704. 10.1182/blood-2010-06-292268.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Du ZM, Kou CW, Wang HY, Huang MY, Liao DZ, Hu CF, Chen J, Yan LX, Hu LF, Ernberg I, Zeng YX, Shao JY: Clinical significance of elevated spleen tyrosine kinase expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck. 2012, 34: 1456-1464. 10.1002/hed.21953.CrossRefPubMed Du ZM, Kou CW, Wang HY, Huang MY, Liao DZ, Hu CF, Chen J, Yan LX, Hu LF, Ernberg I, Zeng YX, Shao JY: Clinical significance of elevated spleen tyrosine kinase expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck. 2012, 34: 1456-1464. 10.1002/hed.21953.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
LMP1 and LMP2A are potential prognostic markers of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL)
Authors
Yuan Mao
Da-Wei Zhang
Huijun Zhu
Hong Lin
Lin Xiong
Qing Cao
Ying Liu
Qing-Dong Li
Jia-Ren Xu
Lin-Feng Xu
Ren-Jie Chen
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Diagnostic Pathology / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1746-1596
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-7-178

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

Diagnostic Pathology 1/2012 Go to the issue