Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Trials
Published in: Trials 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Study protocol

The effect of family-based multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral treatment in children with obesity: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Authors: Rimke C Vos, Jan M Wit, Hanno Pijl, Carolien C Kruyff, Euphemia CAM Houdijk

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased rapidly during the last three decades in the Netherlands. It is assumed that mainly environmental factors have contributed to this trend. Parental overweight and low social economic status are risk factors for childhood obesity. Childhood obesity affects self-esteem and has negative consequences on cognitive and social development. Obese children tend to become obese adults, which increases the risk for developing cardiovascular complications, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and psychosocial problems. Additionally, the secretion of several gastrointestinal hormones, responsible for appetite and food intake, is impaired in obese subjects. Weight reduction through lifestyle changes in order to change health risks is, until now, suggested as the preferred treatment for childhood obesity.
The objective of this study is the effect evaluation of a family-based cognitive behavioral multidisciplinary lifestyle treatment. The intervention aims to establish long-term weight reduction and stabilization, reduction of obesity-related health consequences and improvement of self-image by change of lifestyle and learning cognitive behavioral techniques.

Study design/Methods

In this randomized clinical trial newly presented children with obesity (8-17 years old) are divided, by randomization, in an intervention and control group, both consisting of 40 obese children. The intervention is carried out in groups of 8-11 children, and consists of respectively 7 and 5 separate group meetings for the children and their parents and 1 joint group meeting of 2 ½ hours. Main topics are education on nutrition, self-control techniques, social skills, physical activity and improvement of self-esteem. The control group is given advice on physical activity and nutrition. For normal data comparison, data were collected of 40 normal-weight children, 8-17 years old.

Discussion

Because of the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and the impact on the individual as well as on society, prevention and treatment of obesity in children is of great importance. For evaluation of short- and long-term effects of the treatment, measurements are taken before and after 3 months of treatment, and after 12 and 24 months follow-up. During these visits clinical and biochemical data are determined, cardiovascular fitness tests are performed and quality of life questionnaires are completed.

Trial registration

International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register ISRCTN36146436
Literature
1.
Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000, 894: i-253.
2.
Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH: Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000, 320: 1240-1243. 10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS: Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet. 2002, 360: 473-482. 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09678-2.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Fredriks AM, Van Buuren S, Wit JM, Verloove-Vanhorick SP: Body index measurements in 1996-7 compared with 1980. Arch Dis Child. 2000, 82: 107-112. 10.1136/adc.82.2.107.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Hirasing RA, Fredriks AM, Van Buuren S, Verloove-Vanhorick SP, Wit JM: [Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in Dutch children, and the detection of overweight and obesity using international criteria and new reference diagrams]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2001, 145: 1303-1308.PubMed
6.
Reilly JJ: Descriptive epidemiology and health consequences of childhood obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 19: 327-341. 10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.002.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Renders CM, Seidell JC, van Mechelen W, Hirasing RA: [Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents and preventative measures]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2004, 148: 2066-2070.PubMed
8.
de Vries SI, Bakker I, van Overbeek K, Boer ND, Harris TB, Hopman-Rock M: kinderen in prioriteitwijken: lichamelijke (in)activiteit en overgewicht. 2005, Leiden: TNO kwaliteit van Leven
9.
Fredriks AM, Van Buuren S, Sing RA, Wit JM, Verloove-Vanhorick SP: Alarming prevalences of overweight and obesity for children of Turkish, Moroccan and Dutch origin in The Netherlands according to international standards. Acta Paediatr. 2005, 94: 496-498.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Nagel G, Wabitsch M, Galm C, Berg S, Brandstetter S, Fritz M: Determinants of obesity in the Ulm Research on Metabolism, Exercise and Lifestyle in Children (URMEL-ICE). Eur J Pediatr. 2009
11.
Shrewsbury V, Wardle J: Socioeconomic status and adiposity in childhood: a systematic review of cross-sectional studies 1990-2005. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008, 16: 275-284. 10.1038/oby.2007.35.CrossRef
12.
Guo SS, Roche AF, Chumlea WC, Gardner JD, Siervogel RM: The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994, 59: 810-819.PubMed
13.
14.
Must A, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Bajema CJ, Dietz WH: Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. N Engl J Med. 1992, 327: 1350-1355. 10.1056/NEJM199211053271904.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ: The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2005, 365: 1415-1428. 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Grundy SM, Brewer HB, Cleeman JI, Smith SC, Lenfant C: Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004, 109: 433-438. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, Nissen M: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2001, 24: 683-689. 10.2337/diacare.24.4.683.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J: The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 2002, 288: 2709-2716. 10.1001/jama.288.21.2709.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Reaven GM: Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988, 37: 1595-1607. 10.2337/diabetes.37.12.1595.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Bao W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS: Persistent elevation of plasma insulin levels is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. Circulation. 1996, 93: 54-59.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, Newman WP, Tracy RE, Wattigney WA: Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1998, 338: 1650-1656. 10.1056/NEJM199806043382302.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Freedman DS, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS: The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics. 1999, 103: 1175-1182. 10.1542/peds.103.6.1175.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Li X, Li S, Ulusoy E, Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS: Childhood adiposity as a predictor of cardiac mass in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Circulation. 2004, 110: 3488-3492. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000149713.48317.27.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Magnussen CG, Venn A, Thomson R, Juonala M, Srinivasan SR, Viikari JS: The association of pediatric low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol dyslipidemia classifications and change in dyslipidemia status with carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood evidence from the cardiovascular risk in Young Finns study, the Bogalusa Heart study, and the CDAH (Childhood Determinants of Adult Health) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009, 53: 860-869. 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.09.061.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Reinehr T, Wunsch R: Relationships between cardiovascular risk profile, ultrasonographic measurement of intra-abdominal adipose tissue, and waist circumference in obese children. Clin Nutr. 2009
26.
Ruiz JR, Rizzo NS, Ortega FB, Loit HM, Veidebaum T, Sjostrom M: Markers of insulin resistance are associated with fatness and fitness in school-aged children: the European Youth Heart Study. Diabetologia. 2007, 50: 1401-1408. 10.1007/s00125-007-0678-0.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Sinha R, Fisch G, Teague B, Tamborlane WV, Banyas B, Allen K: Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med. 2002, 346: 802-810. 10.1056/NEJMoa012578.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Despres JP, Lemieux I: Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature. 2006, 444: 881-887. 10.1038/nature05488.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ: Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998, 15: 539-553. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001, 285: 2486-2497. 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486.
31.
Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J: The metabolic syndrome--a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005, 366: 1059-1062. 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67402-8.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Cook S, Weitzman M, Auinger P, Nguyen M, Dietz WH: Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003, 157: 821-827. 10.1001/archpedi.157.8.821.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Cruz ML, Weigensberg MJ, Huang TT, Ball G, Shaibi GQ, Goran MI: The metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth and the role of insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 108-113. 10.1210/jc.2003-031188.CrossRefPubMed
34.
de Ferranti SD, Gauvreau K, Ludwig DS, Neufeld EJ, Newburger JW, Rifai N: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in American adolescents: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation. 2004, 110: 2494-2497. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000145117.40114.C7.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Ford ES, Ajani UA, Mokdad AH: The metabolic syndrome and concentrations of C-reactive protein among U.S. youth. Diabetes Care. 2005, 28: 878-881. 10.2337/diacare.28.4.878.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Viner RM, Segal TY, Lichtarowicz-Krynska E, Hindmarsh P: Prevalence of the insulin resistance syndrome in obesity. Arch Dis Child. 2005, 90: 10-14. 10.1136/adc.2003.036467.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Weiss R, Dziura J, Burgert TS, Tamborlane WV, Taksali SE, Yeckel CW: Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2004, 350: 2362-2374. 10.1056/NEJMoa031049.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Kaufman F, Tajima N, Silink M, Arslanian S: The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents - an IDF consensus report. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007, 8: 299-306. 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00271.x.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Ahima RS: Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006, 14 (Suppl 5): 242S-249S.CrossRef
40.
Kershaw EE, Flier JS: Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 2548-2556. 10.1210/jc.2004-0395.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Alvarez JA, Higgins PB, Oster RA, Fernandez JR, Darnell BE, Gower BA: Fasting and postprandial markers of inflammation in lean and overweight children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009, 89: 1138-1144. 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26926.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Balagopal P, George D, Patton N, Yarandi H, Roberts WL, Bayne E: Lifestyle-only intervention attenuates the inflammatory state associated with obesity: a randomized controlled study in adolescents. J Pediatr. 2005, 146: 342-348. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.11.033.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Reinehr T, Stoffel-Wagner B, Roth CL, Andler W: High-sensitive C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and cardiovascular risk factors before and after weight loss in obese children. Metabolism. 2005, 54: 1155-1161. 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.03.022.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Bacha F, Saad R, Gungor N, Arslanian SA: Adiponectin in youth: relationship to visceral adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function. Diabetes Care. 2004, 27: 547-552. 10.2337/diacare.27.2.547.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Martin LJ, Woo JG, Daniels SR, Goodman E, Dolan LM: The relationships of adiponectin with insulin and lipids are strengthened with increasing adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90: 4255-4259. 10.1210/jc.2005-0019.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Nemet D, Wang P, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Tanaka S, Engelman L: Adipocytokines, body composition, and fitness in children. Pediatr Res. 2003, 53: 148-152.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Reinehr T, Roth C, Menke T, Andler W: Adiponectin before and after weight loss in obese children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 3790-3794. 10.1210/jc.2003-031925.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M, Hochberg Z: Endocrinology of adipose tissue - an update. Horm Metab Res. 2007, 39: 314-321. 10.1055/s-2007-976539.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Warnberg J, Sjostrom M: Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007, 31: 1545-1551. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803693.CrossRef
50.
Reinehr T, Stoffel-Wagner B, Roth CL: Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein in obese children before and after weight loss. Metabolism. 2007, 56: 1735-1741. 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.07.019.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Karra E, Batterham RL: The role of gut hormones in the regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009
52.
Neary MT, Batterham RL: Gut hormones: Implications for the treatment of obesity. Pharmacol Ther. 2009
53.
Bacha F, Arslanian SA: Ghrelin suppression in overweight children: a manifestation of insulin resistance?. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90: 2725-2730. 10.1210/jc.2004-1582.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Bellone S, Rapa A, Vivenza D, Castellino N, Petri A, Bellone J: Circulating ghrelin levels as function of gender, pubertal status and adiposity in childhood. J Endocrinol Invest. 2002, 25: RC13-RC15.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Leidy HJ, Gardner JK, Frye BR, Snook ML, Schuchert MK, Richard EL: Circulating ghrelin is sensitive to changes in body weight during a diet and exercise program in normal-weight young women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89: 2659-2664. 10.1210/jc.2003-031471.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Reinehr T, Roth CL, Alexy U, Kersting M, Kiess W, Andler W: Ghrelin levels before and after reduction of overweight due to a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet in obese children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005, 29: 362-368. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802913.CrossRef
57.
Batterham RL, Cohen MA, Ellis SM, Le Roux CW, Withers DJ, Frost GS: Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36. N Engl J Med. 2003, 349: 941-948. 10.1056/NEJMoa030204.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Le Roux CW, Batterham RL, Aylwin SJ, Patterson M, Borg CM, Wynne KJ: Attenuated peptide YY release in obese subjects is associated with reduced satiety. Endocrinology. 2006, 147: 3-8.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Roth CL, Enriori PJ, Harz K, Woelfle J, Cowley MA, Reinehr T: Peptide YY is a regulator of energy homeostasis in obese children before and after weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90: 6386-6391. 10.1210/jc.2005-1357.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Adam TC, Westerterp-Plantenga MS: Glucagon-like peptide-1 release and satiety after a nutrient challenge in normal-weight and obese subjects. Br J Nutr. 2005, 93: 845-851. 10.1079/BJN20041335.CrossRefPubMed
61.
Adam TC, Jocken J, Westerterp-Plantenga MS: Decreased glucagon-like peptide 1 release after weight loss in overweight/obese subjects. Obes Res. 2005, 13: 710-716. 10.1038/oby.2005.80.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Ranganath LR, Beety JM, Morgan LM, Wright JW, Howland R, Marks V: Attenuated GLP-1 secretion in obesity: cause or consequence?. Gut. 1996, 38: 916-919. 10.1136/gut.38.6.916.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
63.
Tomasik PJ, Sztefko K, Malek A: GLP-1 as a satiety factor in children with eating disorders. Horm Metab Res. 2002, 34: 77-80. 10.1055/s-2002-20519.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Tomasik PJ, Sztefko K, Starzyk J: Cholecystokinin, glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion in children with anorexia nervosa and simple obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 17: 1623-1631. 10.1515/JPEM.2004.17.12.1623.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Ikezaki A, Hosoda H, Ito K, Iwama S, Miura N, Matsuoka H: Fasting plasma ghrelin levels are negatively correlated with insulin resistance and PAI-1, but not with leptin, in obese children and adolescents. Diabetes. 2002, 51: 3408-3411. 10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3408.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Romon M, Gomila S, Hincker P, Soudan B, Dallongeville J: Influence of weight loss on plasma ghrelin responses to high-fat and high-carbohydrate test meals in obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006, 91: 1034-1041.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Soriano-Guillen L, Barrios V, Martos G, Chowen JA, Campos-Barros A, Argente J: Effect of oral glucose administration on ghrelin levels in obese children. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004, 151: 119-121. 10.1530/eje.0.1510119.CrossRefPubMed
68.
Carnier J, Lofrano MC, Prado WL, Caranti DA, de PA, Tock L: Hormonal alteration in obese adolescents with eating disorder: effects of multidisciplinary therapy. Horm Res. 2008, 70: 79-84. 10.1159/000139148.CrossRefPubMed
69.
Stock S, Leichner P, Wong AC, Ghatei MA, Kieffer TJ, Bloom SR: Ghrelin, peptide YY, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and hunger responses to a mixed meal in anorexic, obese, and control female adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90: 2161-2168. 10.1210/jc.2004-1251.CrossRefPubMed
70.
Rask E, Olsson T, Soderberg S, Johnson O, Seckl J, Holst JJ: Impaired incretin response after a mixed meal is associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic men. Diabetes Care. 2001, 24: 1640-1645. 10.2337/diacare.24.9.1640.CrossRefPubMed
71.
Reinehr T, de Sousa G, Roth CL: Fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 and its relation to insulin in obese children before and after weight loss. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007, 44: 608-612. 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3180406a24.CrossRefPubMed
72.
Breat C, van Winckel MAJM: Behandelingsstrategieen bij kinderen met overgewicht. 2009, Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
73.
Dietz WH: Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics. 1998, 101: 518-525.PubMed
74.
Nowicka P: Dietitians and exercise professionals in a childhood obesity treatment team. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2005, 94: 23-29.CrossRefPubMed
75.
Wardle J, Cooke L: The impact of obesity on psychological well-being. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 19: 421-440. 10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.006.CrossRefPubMed
76.
Bosch J, Daansen P, Breat C: Cognitieve gedragstherapie bij obesitas, praktijkreeks gedrachtherapie deel 19. 2001, Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
77.
Oude Luttikhuis H, Baur L, Jansen H, Shrewsbury VA, O'Malley C, Stolk RP: Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009, CD001872-
78.
Reinehr T, Widhalm K, l'Allemand D, Wiegand S, Wabitsch M, Holl RW: Two-year follow-up in 21,784 overweight children and adolescents with lifestyle intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009, 17: 1196-1199.CrossRef
79.
Reinehr T, Kiess W, Kapellen T, Andler W: Insulin sensitivity among obese children and adolescents, according to degree of weight loss. Pediatrics. 2004, 114: 1569-1573. 10.1542/peds.2003-0649-F.CrossRefPubMed
80.
Reinehr T, de Sousa G, Toschke AM, Andler W: Long-term follow-up of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children after an obesity intervention. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006, 84: 490-496.PubMed
81.
Wunsch R, de Sousa G, Toschke AM, Reinehr T: Intima-media thickness in obese children before and after weight loss. Pediatrics. 2006, 118: 2334-2340. 10.1542/peds.2006-0302.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Cole TJ, Roede MJ: Centiles of body mass index for Dutch children aged 0-20 years in 1980--a baseline to assess recent trends in obesity. Ann Hum Biol. 1999, 26: 303-308. 10.1080/030144699282633.CrossRefPubMed
83.
Epstein LH, Wing RR, Valoski A: Childhood obesity. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1985, 32: 363-379.PubMed
84.
Strien Tv, Frijters JER, Bergers GPA, Defares PB: The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional and external eating behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1986, 5: 295-315. 10.1002/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T.CrossRef
85.
Achenbach SA, Edelbrock C: Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Profile. 1991, Burlington: University of Vermond, Department of Psychiatry
86.
Veerman JW, Straathof MAE, Treffers BRH, van den Bergh BRH, ten Brink LT: The Self-Perception Profile for Children (Dutch version). 2007, Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger
87.
Tanner J: Growth at Adolescence: with a general consideration of the effects of hereditary and enviromental factors upon growth and maturation from birth to maturity. 1962, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 2
88.
Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC: Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985, 28: 412-419. 10.1007/BF00280883.CrossRefPubMed
89.
Katz A, Nambi SS, Mather K, Baron AD, Follmann DA, Sullivan G: Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000, 85: 2402-2410. 10.1210/jc.85.7.2402.CrossRefPubMed
90.
Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, Stringer WW, Whipp BJ: Principles of exercise testing and interpretation. 2005, Philiadelphia, PA, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 4
91.
Borg G: Psychophysical scaling with applications in physical work and the perception of exertion. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1990, 16 (Suppl 1): 55-58.CrossRefPubMed
92.
Ravens-Sieberer U, Schmidt S, Gosch A, Erhart M, Petersen C, Bullinger M: Measuring subjective health in children and adolescents: results of the European KIDSCREEN/DISABKIDS Project. Psychosoc Med. 2007, 4: Doc08-PubMedPubMedCentral
93.
Reinehr T, Kersting M, Alexy U, Andler W: Long-term follow-up of overweight children: after training, after a single consultation session, and without treatment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003, 37: 72-74. 10.1097/00005176-200307000-00013.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
The effect of family-based multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral treatment in children with obesity: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors
Rimke C Vos
Jan M Wit
Hanno Pijl
Carolien C Kruyff
Euphemia CAM Houdijk
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Trials / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-12-110

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

Trials 1/2011 Go to the issue

Research

The Reversal Intervention for Metabolic Syndrome (TRIMS) study: rationale, design, and baseline data

Research

Social validity of randomised controlled trials in health services research and intellectual disabilities: a qualitative exploration of stakeholder views

Study protocol

Rationale and design of the plate or pin (pop) study for dislocated midshaft clavicular fractures: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Study protocol

Simultaneous use of traditional Chinese medicine (Si-Ni-Tang) to treat septic shock patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Methodology

A cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, maternal vitamin a or beta-carotene supplementation trial in bangladesh: design and methods

Commentary

Canadian-led capacity-building in biostatistics and methodology in cardiovascular and diabetes trials: the CANNeCTIN Biostatistics and Methodological Innovation Working Group