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Globalization and Health
Published in: Globalization and Health 1/2010

Open Access 01-12-2010 | Review

Developing effective chronic disease interventions in Africa: insights from Ghana and Cameroon

Authors: Ama de-Graft Aikins, Petra Boynton, Lem L Atanga

Published in: Globalization and Health | Issue 1/2010

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Abstract

Background

Africa faces an urgent but 'neglected epidemic' of chronic disease. In some countries stroke, hypertension, diabetes and cancers cause a greater number of adult medical admissions and deaths compared to communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS or tuberculosis. Experts propose a three-pronged solution consisting of epidemiological surveillance, primary prevention and secondary prevention. In addition, interventions must be implemented through 'multifaceted multi-institutional' strategies that make efficient use of limited economic and human resources. Epidemiological surveillance has been prioritised over primary and secondary prevention. We discuss the challenge of developing effective primary and secondary prevention to tackle Africa's chronic disease epidemic through in-depth case studies of Ghanaian and Cameroonian responses.

Methods

A review of chronic disease research, interventions and policy in Ghana and Cameroon instructed by an applied psychology conceptual framework. Data included published research and grey literature, health policy initiatives and reports, and available information on lay community responses to chronic diseases.

Results

There are fundamental differences between Ghana and Cameroon in terms of 'multi-institutional and multi-faceted responses' to chronic diseases. Ghana does not have a chronic disease policy but has a national health insurance policy that covers drug treatment of some chronic diseases, a culture of patient advocacy for a broad range of chronic conditions and mass media involvement in chronic disease education. Cameroon has a policy on diabetes and hypertension, has established diabetes clinics across the country and provided training to health workers to improve treatment and education, but lacks community and media engagement. In both countries churches provide public education on major chronic diseases. Neither country has conducted systematic evaluation of the impact of interventions on health outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions

Both Ghana and Cameroon require a comprehensive and integrative approach to chronic disease intervention that combines structural, community and individual strategies. We outline research and practice gaps and best practice models within and outside Africa that can instruct the development of future interventions.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Developing effective chronic disease interventions in Africa: insights from Ghana and Cameroon
Authors
Ama de-Graft Aikins
Petra Boynton
Lem L Atanga
Publication date
01-12-2010
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Globalization and Health / Issue 1/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1744-8603
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-6-6

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