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Virology Journal
Published in: Virology Journal 1/2010

Open Access 01-12-2010 | Research

Viral trans-factor independent replication of human papillomavirus genomes

Authors: Daraporn Pittayakhajonwut, Peter C Angeletti

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2010

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Abstract

Background

Papillomaviruses (PVs) establish a persistent infection in the proliferating basal cells of the epithelium. The viral genome is replicated and maintained as a low-copy nuclear plasmid in basal keratinocytes. Bovine and human papillomaviruses (BPV and HPV) are known to utilize two viral proteins; E1, a DNA helicase, and E2, a transcription factor, which have been considered essential for viral DNA replication. However, growing evidence suggests that E1 and E2 are not entirely essential for stable replication of HPV.

Results

Here we report that multiple HPV16 mutants, lacking either or both E1 and E2 open reading frame (ORFs) and the long control region (LCR), still support extrachromosomal replication. Our data clearly indicate that HPV16 has a mode of replication, independent of viral trans-factors, E1 and E2, which is achieved by origin activity located outside of the LCR.
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Metadata
Title
Viral trans-factor independent replication of human papillomavirus genomes
Authors
Daraporn Pittayakhajonwut
Peter C Angeletti
Publication date
01-12-2010
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Virology Journal / Issue 1/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-123

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