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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research

TSG (2,3,4’ ,5-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside) suppresses induction of pro-inflammatory factors by attenuating the binding activity of nuclear factor-κB in microglia

Authors: Chao Huang, Yuzhe Wang, Jia Wang, Wenjuan Yao, Xiangfan Chen, Wei Zhang

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

Background

Induction of pro-inflammatory factors is one of the characteristics of microglia activation and can be regulated by numerous active components of Chinese traditional herbs. Suppression of pro-inflammatory factors is beneficial to alleviate microglia-mediated cell injury. The present study aims to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of 2,3,4’,5-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) on LPS-mediated induction of pro-inflammatory factors in microglia.

Methods

Western blot, ELISA, and Hoechst 33258 were used to measure the protein expression, TNF-α/IL-6 content, and apoptotic nuclei, respectively. The mRNA level was measured by real time-PCR. Nitric oxide (NO) content, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content, and NF-κB binding activity were assayed by commercial kits.

Results

TSG reduced iNOS protein expression as well as TNF-α, IL-6, and NO content in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. TSG attenuated the increase in apoptotic nuclei, caspase-3 cleavage, and LDH content induced by BV-2 cell-derived conditioned medium in primary hippocampal neurons. Mechanistic studies showed that TSG reduced the mRNA level of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6. TSG failed to suppress IκB-α degradation, NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation. TSG, however, markedly reduced the binding of NF-κB to its DNA element. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed that TSG reduced NF-κB binding to the iNOS promoter. These findings were ascertained in primary microglia where the LPS-induced increase in iNOS expression, NO content, apoptotic nuclei, and NF-κB binding to its DNA element were diminished by TSG.

Conclusions

These studies demonstrate that TSG attenuates LPS-mediated induction of pro-inflammatory factors in microglia through reducing the binding activity of NF-κB. This might help us to further understand the pharmacological role of TSG in inflammatory response in the central nervous system.
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Metadata
Title
TSG (2,3,4’ ,5-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside) suppresses induction of pro-inflammatory factors by attenuating the binding activity of nuclear factor-κB in microglia
Authors
Chao Huang
Yuzhe Wang
Jia Wang
Wenjuan Yao
Xiangfan Chen
Wei Zhang
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-10-129

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