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Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research article

The effects of apoptosis vulnerability markers on the myocardium in depression after myocardial infarction

Authors: Yiming Wang, Xingde Liu, Dongfeng Zhang, Jianhui Chen, Shuzheng Liu, Michael Berk

Published in: BMC Medicine | Issue 1/2013

Abstract

Background

There is an increased incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in individuals after myocardial infarction (MI), but the pathophysiological processes mediating this association are unclear. Our previous study demonstrated an increase in pro-apoptotic pathways in the myocardium and hippocampus in MDD, which was reversed by venlafaxine. This study aimed to attempt to confirm the effects of apoptosis vulnerability markers on the myocardium in a model of depression after myocardial infarction.

Methods

Rats were divided into four groups: sham (N = 8), depression (N = 8, chronic mild unpredictable stress and separation were used in the depression group), MI (N = 13) and post-MI depression (N = 7). The rats in all four groups underwent the same open field and sucrose preference behavioral tests. Evan Blue staining was used to determine the area at risk of myocardial infarction in the left ventricle, and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (1.5% TTC) dye was used to detect the size of the myocardial infarction. The expression of bax and bcl-2 protein in the myocardium was investigated by immunohistochemistry, and the mRNA expression of bax, bcl-2 and caspase-3 in the myocardium was investigated by real time RT-PCR. Apoptosis was estimated in the myocardium by measuring the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio.

Results

In the depression and post-MI depression rats, there were significantly decreased movements and total sucrose consumption, modeling behavioral deficits and an anhedonic-like state. In terms of myocardial infarction size, no difference was seen between the MI and post-MI depression groups. There was an up-regulated Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in the depression, MI and post-MI depression groups. Furthermore, in the latter group, there was a greater up-regulated Bax:Bcl-2 ratio. However, caspase-3 did not differ among the four groups.

Conclusions

These results of this animal model suggest that active pro-apoptotic pathways may be involved in the nexus between myocardial infarction and depression. This mechanism may be germane to understanding this relationship in humans.

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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/32/prepub

Title: The effects of apoptosis vulnerability markers on the myocardium in depression after myocardial infarction
Authors: Yiming Wang
Xingde Liu
Dongfeng Zhang
Jianhui Chen
Shuzheng Liu
Michael Berk
Publication date: 01-12-2013
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Medicine / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1741-7015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-32

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

The effects of apoptosis vulnerability markers on the myocardium in depression after myocardial infarction

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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