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Tobacco Induced Diseases
Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases 1/2009

Open Access 01-12-2009 | Review

The promise of long-term effectiveness of school-based smoking prevention programs: a critical review of reviews

Author: Brian R Flay

Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases | Issue 1/2009

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Abstract

I provide a review and critique of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of school-based smoking prevention programs that focus on long-term effects. Several of these reviews conclude that the effects of school-based smoking prevention programs are small and find no evidence that they have significant long-term effects. I find that these reviews all have methodological problems limiting their conclusions. These include severe limiting of the studies included because of performance bias, student attrition, non-reporting of ICCs, inappropriate classification of intervention approach, and inclusion of programs that had no short-term effects. The more-inclusive meta-analyses suggest that school-based smoking prevention programs can have significant and practical effects in both the short- and the long-term. Findings suggest that school-based smoking prevention programs can have significant long-term effects if they: 1) are interactive social influences or social skills programs; that 2) involve 15 or more sessions, including some up to at least ninth grade; that 3) produce substantial short-term effects. The effects do decay over time if the interventions are stopped or withdrawn, but this is true of any kind of intervention.
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Metadata
Title
The promise of long-term effectiveness of school-based smoking prevention programs: a critical review of reviews
Author
Brian R Flay
Publication date
01-12-2009
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Tobacco Induced Diseases / Issue 1/2009
Electronic ISSN: 1617-9625
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-5-7

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