Top

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2008 | Review

Myocardial first-pass perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance: history, theory, and current state of the art

Authors: Bernhard L Gerber, Subha V Raman, Krishna Nayak, Frederick H Epstein, Pedro Ferreira, Leon Axel, Dara L Kraitchman

Published in: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance | Issue 1/2008

Abstract

In less than two decades, first-pass perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has undergone a wide range of changes with the development and availability of improved hardware, software, and contrast agents, in concert with a better understanding of the mechanisms of contrast enhancement. The following review provides a perspective of the historical development of first-pass CMR, the developments in pulse sequence design and contrast agents, the relevant animal models used in early preclinical studies, the mechanism of artifacts, the differences between 1.5T and 3T scanning, and the relevant clinical applications and protocols. This comprehensive overview includes a summary of the past clinical performance of first-pass perfusion CMR and current clinical applications using state-of-the-art methodologies.

Available only for authorised users

Hesse B, Tagil K, Cuocolo A, Anagnostopoulos C, Bardies M, Bax J, Bengel F, Busemann Sokole E, Davies G, Dondi M, Edenbrandt L, Franken P, Kjaer A, Knuuti J, Lassmann M, Ljungberg M, Marcassa C, Marie PY, McKiddie F, O'Connor M, Prvulovich E, Underwood R, van Eck-Smit B: EANM/ESC procedural guidelines for myocardial perfusion imaging in nuclear cardiology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005, 32 (7): 855-897. 10.1007/s00259-005-1779-y.PubMed

Sabharwal NK, Lahiri A: Role of myocardial perfusion imaging for risk stratification in suspected or known coronary artery disease. Heart. 2003, 89 (11): 1291-1297. 10.1136/heart.89.11.1291.PubMedCentralPubMed

Zoghbi GJ, Iskandrian AE: Coronary artery disease: pharmacological stress. Nuclear Cardiology: State of the Art and Future Directions. Edited by: Zaret BL, Beller GA. 2005, Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, 233-253. 3

Hachamovitch R, Berman DS, Shaw LJ, Kiat H, Cohen I, Cabico JA, Friedman J, Diamond GA: Incremental prognostic value of myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography for the prediction of cardiac death: differential stratification for risk of cardiac death and myocardial infarction. Circulation. 97 (6): 535-543. Feb 17 1998

Atkinson DJ, Burstein D, Edelman RR: First-pass cardiac perfusion: evaluation with ultrafast MR imaging. Radiology. 1990, 174 (3 Pt 1): 757-762.PubMed

Wagner A, Mahrholdt H, Holly TA, Elliott MD, Regenfus M, Parker M, Klocke FJ, Bonow RO, Kim RJ, Judd RM: Contrast-enhanced MRI and routine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion imaging for detection of subendocardial myocardial infarcts: an imaging study. Lancet. 2003, 361 (9355): 374-379. 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12389-6.PubMed

Schwitter J, Nanz D, Kneifel S, Bertschinger K, Buchi M, Knusel PR, Marincek B, Luscher TF, von Schulthess GK: Assessment of myocardial perfusion in coronary artery disease by magnetic resonance: a comparison with positron emission tomography and coronary angiography. Circulation. 103 (18): 2230-2235. May 8 2001

Sakuma H, Suzawa N, Ichikawa Y, Makino K, Hirano T, Kitagawa K, Takeda K: Diagnostic accuracy of stress first-pass contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion MRI compared with stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005, 185 (1): 95-102.PubMed

Weinmann H, Brasch R, Press W, Wesbey G: Characteristics of gadolinium-DTPA complex: a potential NMR contrast agent. AJR. 1984, 142 (619–624):

10.

Donahue KM, Weisskoff RM, Burstein D: Water diffusion and exchange as they influence contrast enhancement. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1997, 7 (1): 102-110. 10.1002/jmri.1880070114.PubMed

11.

Kraitchman DL, Chin BB, Heldman AW, Solaiyappan M, Bluemke DA: MRI detection of myocardial perfusion defects due to coronary artery stenosis with MS-325. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002, 15 (2): 149-158. 10.1002/jmri.10051.PubMed

12.

Jerosch-Herold M, Hu X, Murthy NS, Rickers C, Stillman AE: Magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial contrast enhancement with MS-325 and its relation to myocardial blood flow and the perfusion reserve. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003, 18 (5): 544-554. 10.1002/jmri.10384.PubMed

13.

Jerosch-Herold M, Wilke N, Wang Y, Gong GR, Mansoor AM, Huang H, Gurchumelidze S, Stillman AE: Direct comparison of an intravascular and an extracellular contrast agent for quantification of myocardial perfusion. Cardiac MRI Group. Int J Card Imaging. 1999, 15 (6): 453-464. 10.1023/A:1006368619112.PubMed

14.

Gerber BL, Bluemke DA, Chin BB, Boston RC, Heldman AW, Lima JA, Kraitchman DL: Single-vessel coronary artery stenosis: myocardial perfusion imaging with Gadomer-17 first-pass MR imaging in a swine model of comparison with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Radiology. 2002, 225 (1): 104-112. 10.1148/radiol.2251011377.PubMed

15.

Maxwell MP, Hearse DJ, Yellon DM: Species variation in the coronary collateral circulation during regional myocardial ischaemia: a critical determinant of the rate of evolution and extent of myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 1987, 21 (10): 737-746. 10.1093/cvr/21.10.737.PubMed

16.

Warltier DC, Zyvoloski MG, Gross GJ, Brooks HL: Subendocardial versus transmural myocardial infarction: relationship to the collateral circulation in canine and porcine hearts. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1982, 60 (12): 1700-1706.PubMed

17.

Kraitchman D, Hillenbrand H, Lima J, McVeigh E, Zerhouni E, Bluemke D: Noninvasive assessment of myocardial stunning from short-term coronary occlusion using tagged MRI. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2000, 2 (2): 113-126.

18.

Kraitchman D, Bluemke D, Chin B, Heldman A, Heldman A: A less invasive method for coronary stenosis creation in a swine model for noninvasive MR and SPECT imaging. Invest Radiol. 2000, 35 (7): 445-451. 10.1097/00004424-200007000-00008.PubMed

19.

O'Konski MS, White FC, Longhurst J, Roth D, Bloor CM: Ameroid constriction of the proximal left circumflex coronary artery in swine. A model of limited coronary collateral circulation. Am J Cardiovasc Pathol. 1987, 1 (1): 69-77.PubMed

20.

Kellman P, Arai AE: Imaging sequences for first pass perfusion – a review. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2007, 9 (3): 525-537. 10.1080/10976640601187604.PubMed

21.

Kim D, Cernicanu A, Axel L: B(0) and B(1)-insensitive uniform T(1)-weighting for quantitative, first-pass myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2005, 54 (6): 1423-1429. 10.1002/mrm.20704.PubMed

22.

Kellman P, Zhang Q, Larson AC, Simonetti O, McVeigh ER, Arai AE: Cardiac first-pass perfusion MRI using 3D true-FISP parallel imaging using TSENSE. Paper presented at: 12th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 2004

23.

Ding S, Wolff S, Epstein F: Improved coverage in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using interleaved gradient-echo EPI. Magn Reson Med. 1998, 39: 514-519. 10.1002/mrm.1910390403.PubMed

24.

Epstein FH, Foo TKF, Wolff DS, Balaban RS, Arai AE: Segmented k-Space fast cardiac imaging using echo-train readout. Magn Reson Med. 1999, 41: 609-613. 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199903)41:3<609::AID-MRM25>3.0.CO;2-2.PubMed

25.

Pruessmann KP, Weiger M, Scheidegger MB, Boesiger P: SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1999, 42 (5): 952-962. 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199911)42:5<952::AID-MRM16>3.0.CO;2-S.PubMed

26.

Sodickson DK, Manning WJ: Simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH): fast imaging with radiofrequency coil arrays. Magn Reson Med. 1997, 38 (4): 591-603. 10.1002/mrm.1910380414.PubMed

27.

Griswold MA, Jakob PM, Heidemann RM, Nittka M, Jellus V, Wang J, Kiefer B, Haase A: Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA). Magn Reson Med. 2002, 47 (6): 1202-1210. 10.1002/mrm.10171.PubMed

28.

Wang Y, Moin K, Akinboboye O, Reichek N: Myocardial first pass perfusion: steady-state free precession versus spoiled gradient echo and segmented echo planar imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2005, 54 (5): 1123-1129. 10.1002/mrm.20700.PubMed

29.

Jerosch-Herold M, Wilke N, Stillman AE: Magnetic resonance quantification of the myocardial perfusion reserve with a Fermi function model for constrained deconvolution. Med Phys. 1998, 25 (1): 73-84. 10.1118/1.598163.PubMed

30.

Jerosch-Herold M, Swingen C, Seethamraju RT: Myocardial blood flow quantification with MRI by model-independent deconvolution. Med Phys. 2002, 29 (5): 886-897. 10.1118/1.1473135.PubMed

31.

Kellman P, Aletras AH, Hsu LY, McVeigh ER, Arai AE: T2* measurement during first-pass contrast-enhanced cardiac perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2006, 56 (5): 1132-1134. 10.1002/mrm.21061.PubMedCentralPubMed

32.

Hsu LY, Rhoads KL, Holly JE, Kellman P, Aletras AH, Arai AE: Quantitative myocardial perfusion analysis with a dual-bolus contrast-enhanced first-pass MRI technique in humans. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006, 23 (3): 315-322. 10.1002/jmri.20502.PubMed

33.

Christian TF, Rettmann DW, Aletras AH, Liao SL, Taylor JL, Balaban RS, Arai AE: Absolute myocardial perfusion in canines measured by using dual-bolus first-pass MR imaging. Radiology. 2004, 232 (3): 677-684. 10.1148/radiol.2323030573.PubMed

34.

Gatehouse PD, Elkington AG, Ablitt NA, Yang GZ, Pennell DJ, Firmin DN: Accurate assessment of the arterial input function during high-dose myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004, 20 (1): 39-45. 10.1002/jmri.20054.PubMed

35.

Elkington AG, He T, Gatehouse PD, Prasad SK, Firmin DN, Pennell DJ: Optimization of the arterial input function for myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005, 21 (4): 354-359. 10.1002/jmri.20294.PubMed

36.

Kim D, Axel L: Multislice, dual-imaging sequence for increasing the dynamic range of the contrast-enhanced blood signal and CNR of myocardial enhancement at 3T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006, 23 (1): 81-86. 10.1002/jmri.20471.PubMed

37.

Arai AE: Magnetic resonance first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2000, 11 (6): 383-398. 10.1097/00002142-200012000-00007.PubMed

38.

Edelman R, Hesselink J, Zlatkin M, Crues J: Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2006, Saunders (W.B.) Co Ltd, 1:

39.

Schreiber WG, Schmitt M, Kalden P, Mohrs OK, Kreitner KF, Thelen M: Dynamic contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion imaging using saturation-prepared TrueFISP. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002, 16 (6): 641-652. 10.1002/jmri.10209.PubMed

40.

Di Bella EV, Parker DL, Sinusas AJ: On the dark rim artifact in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI myocardial perfusion studies. Magn Reson Med. 2005, 54 (5): 1295-1299. 10.1002/mrm.20666.PubMedCentralPubMed

41.

Fenchel M, Helber U, Simonetti OP, Stauder NI, Kramer U, Nguyen CN, Finn JP, Claussen CD, Miller S: Multislice first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging: Comparison of saturation recovery (SR)-TrueFISP-two-dimensional (2D) and SR-TurboFLASH-2D pulse sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004, 19 (5): 555-563. 10.1002/jmri.20050.PubMed

42.

Albert MS, Huang W, Lee JH, Patlak CS, Springer CS: Susceptibility changes following bolus injections. Magn Reson Med. 1993, 29 (5): 700-708. 10.1002/mrm.1910290520.PubMed

43.

Storey P, Chen Q, Li W, Edelman RR, Prasad PV: Band artifacts due to bulk motion. Magn Reson Med. 2002, 48 (6): 1028-1036. 10.1002/mrm.10314.PubMed

44.

Hennig J, Speck O, Scheffler K: Optimization of signal behavior in the transition to driven equilibrium in steady-state free precession sequences. Magn Reson Med. 2002, 48 (5): 801-809. 10.1002/mrm.10274.PubMed

45.

Elkington AG, Gatehouse PD, Cannell TM, Moon JC, Prasad SK, Firmin DN, Pennell DJ: Comparison of hybrid echo-planar imaging and FLASH myocardial perfusion cardiovascular MR imaging. Radiology. 2005, 235 (1): 237-243. 10.1148/radiol.2351040360.PubMed

46.

Klem I, Heitner JF, Shah DJ, Sketch MH, Behar V, Weinsaft J, Cawley P, Parker M, Elliott M, Judd RM, Kim RJ: Improved detection of coronary artery disease by stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance with the use of delayed enhancement infarction imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 47 (8): 1630-1638. 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.074. Apr 18 2006

47.

Sharma P, Socolow J, Patel S, Pettigrew RI, Oshinski JN: Effect of Gd-DTPA-BMA on blood and myocardial T1 at 1.5T and 3T in humans. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006, 23 (3): 323-330. 10.1002/jmri.20504.PubMed

48.

Gutberlet M, Noeske R, Schwinge K, Freyhardt P, Felix R, Niendorf T: Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0 Tesla: feasibility and implications for clinical applications. Invest Radiol. 2006, 41 (2): 154-167. 10.1097/01.rli.0000195840.50230.10.PubMed

49.

Araoz PA, Glockner JF, McGee KP, Potter DD, Valeti VU, Stanley DW, Christian TF: 3 Tesla MR imaging provides improved contrast in first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging over a range of gadolinium doses. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2005, 7 (3): 559-564. 10.1081/JCMR-200060622.PubMed

50.

Hinton DP, Wald LL, Pitts J, Schmitt F: Comparison of cardiac MRI on 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla clinical whole body systems. Invest Radiol. 2003, 38 (7): 436-442. 10.1097/00004424-200307000-00009.PubMed

51.

Bernstein MA, Huston J, Ward HA: Imaging artifacts at 3.0T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006, 24 (4): 735-746. 10.1002/jmri.20698.PubMed

52.

Noeske R, Seifert F, Rhein KH, Rinneberg H: Human cardiac imaging at 3 T using phased array coils. Magn Reson Med. 2000, 44 (6): 978-982. 10.1002/1522-2594(200012)44:6<978::AID-MRM22>3.0.CO;2-9.PubMed

53.

Lima JA, Judd RM, Bazille A, Schulman SP, Atalar E, Zerhouni EA: Regional heterogeneity of human myocardial infarcts demonstrated by contrast-enhanced MRI. Potential mechanisms. Circulation. 1995, 92 (5): 117-1125.

54.

Jayaweera AR, Wei K, Coggins M, Bin JP, Goodman C, Kaul S: Role of capillaries in determining CBF reserve: new insights using myocardial contrast echocardiography. Am J Physiol. 1999, 277 (6 Pt 2): H2363-2372.PubMed

55.

Klocke FJ, Baird MG, Lorell BH, Bateman TM, Messer JV, Berman DS, O'Gara PT, Carabello BA, Russell RO, Cerqueira MD, St John Sutton MG, DeMaria AN, Udelson JE, Kennedy JW, Verani MS, Williams KA, Antman EM, Smith SC, Alpert JS, Gregoratos G, Anderson JL, Hiratzka LF, Faxon DP, Hunt SA, Fuster V, Jacobs AK, Gibbons RJ, Russell RO: ACC/AHA/ASNC guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging – executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASNC Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging). Circulation. 108 (11): 1404-1418. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000080946.42225.4D. Sep 16 2003

56.

Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A, Chen EL, Parker MA, Simonetti O, Klocke FJ, Bonow RO, Judd RM: The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 343 (20): 1445-1453. 10.1056/NEJM200011163432003. Nov 16 2000

57.

Panting JR, Gatehouse PD, Yang GZ, Grothues F, Firmin DN, Collins P, Pennell DJ: Abnormal subendocardial perfusion in cardiac syndrome X detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. N Engl J Med. 346 (25): 1948-1953. 10.1056/NEJMoa012369. Jun 20 2002

58.

Cerqueira MD, Weissman NJ, Dilsizian V, Jacobs AK, Kaul S, Laskey WK, Pennell DJ, Rumberger JA, Ryan T, Verani MS: Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 105 (4): 539-542. 10.1161/hc0402.102975. Jan 29 2002

59.

Cernicanu A, Axel L: Theory-based signal calibration with single-point T1 measurements for first-pass quantitative perfusion MRI studies. Acad Radiol. 2006, 13 (6): 686-693. 10.1016/j.acra.2006.02.040.PubMed

60.

Axel L: Surface coil magnetic resonance imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1984, 8 (3): 381-384. 10.1097/00004728-198406000-00002.PubMed

61.

Donahue KM, Weisskoff RM, Chesler DA, Kwong KK, Bogdanov AA, Mandeville JB, Rosen BR: Improving MR quantification of regional blood volume with intravascular T1 contrast agents: accuracy, precision, and water exchange. Magn Reson Med. 1996, 36 (6): 858-867. 10.1002/mrm.1910360608.PubMed

62.

Axel L: Cerebral blood flow determination by rapid-sequence computed tomography: theoretical analysis. Radiology. 1980, 137 (3): 679-686.PubMed

63.

Axel L: Tissue mean transit time from dynamic computed tomography by a simple deconvolution technique. Invest Radiol. 1983, 18 (1): 94-99. 10.1097/00004424-198301000-00018.PubMed

64.

Al-Saadi N, Nagel E, Gross M, Bornstedt A, Schnackenburg B, Klein C, Klimek W, Oswald H, Fleck E: Noninvasive detection of myocardial ischemia from perfusion reserve based on cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation. 2000, 101: 1379-1383.PubMed

65.

Panting JR, Gatehouse PD, Yang GZ, Jerosch-Herold M, Wilke N, Firmin DN, Pennell DJ: Echo-planar magnetic resonance myoardial perfusion imaging: parametric map analysis and comparison with thallium SPECT. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2001, 13 (2): 192-200. 10.1002/1522-2586(200102)13:2<192::AID-JMRI1029>3.0.CO;2-N.PubMed

66.

Duffy KJ, Ferrari VA: Prognosis following acute myocardial infarction: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2007, 9 (1): 57-62. 10.1007/s11886-007-0011-z.PubMed

67.

Wu KC, Kim RJ, Bluemke DA, Rochitte CE, Zerhouni EA, Becker LC, Lima JA: Quantification and time course of microvascular obstruction by contrast-enhanced echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging following acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998, 32 (6): 1756-1764. 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00429-X.PubMed

68.

Rogers WJ, Kramer CM, Geskin G, Hu YL, Theobald TM, Vido DA, Petruolo S, Reichek N: Early contrast-enhanced MRI predicts late functional recovery after reperfused myocardial infarction. Circulation. 99 (6): 744-750. Feb 16 1999

69.

Gerber BL, Rochitte CE, Bluemke DA, Melin JA, Crosille P, Becker LC, Lima JA: Relation between Gd-DTPA contrast enhancement and regional inotropic response in the periphery and center of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 104 (9): 998-1004. 10.1161/hc3401.095113. Aug 28 2001

70.

Gerber BL, Garot J, Bluemke DA, Wu KC, Lima JA: Accuracy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in predicting improvement of regional myocardial function in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 106 (9): 1083-1089. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027818.15792.1E. Aug 27 2002

71.

Sandstede JJ, Lipke C, Kenn W, Beer M, Pabst T, Hahn D: Cine MR imaging after myocardial infarction – assessment and follow-up of regional and global left ventricular function. Int J Card Imaging. 1999, 15 (6): 435-440. 10.1023/A:1006342810026.PubMed

72.

Taylor AJ, Al-Saadi N, Abdel-Aty H, Schulz-Menger J, Messroghli DR, Friedrich MG: Detection of acutely impaired microvascular reperfusion after infarct angioplasty with magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 109 (17): 2080-2085. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000127812.62277.50. May 4 2004

73.

Gerber BL, Rochitte CE, Melin JA, McVeigh ER, Bluemke DA, Wu KC, Becker LC, Lima JA: Microvascular obstruction and left ventricular remodeling early after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 101 (23): 2734-2741. Jun 13 2000

74.

Tarantini G, Cacciavillani L, Corbetti F, Ramondo A, Marra MP, Bacchiega E, Napodano M, Bilato C, Razzolini R, Iliceto S: Duration of ischemia is a major determinant of transmurality and severe microvascular obstruction after primary angioplasty: a study performed with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 46 (7): 1229-1235. 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.06.054. Oct 4 2005

75.

Hombach V, Grebe O, Merkle N, Waldenmaier S, Hoher M, Kochs M, Wohrle J, Kestler HA: Sequelae of acute myocardial infarction regarding cardiac structure and function and their prognostic significance as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2005, 26 (6): 549-557. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi147.PubMed

76.

Fenchel M, Helber U, Kramer U, Stauder NI, Franow A, Claussen CD, Miller S: Detection of regional myocardial perfusion deficit using rest and stress perfusion MRI: a feasibility study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005, 185 (3): 627-635.PubMed

77.

Cury RC, Cattani CA, Gabure LA, Racy DJ, de Gois JM, Siebert U, Lima SS, Brady TJ: Diagnostic performance of stress perfusion and delayed-enhancement MR imaging in patients with coronary artery disease. Radiology. 2006, 240 (1): 39-45. 10.1148/radiol.2401051161.PubMed

78.

Wolff SD, Schwitter J, Coulden R, Friedrich MG, Bluemke DA, Biederman RW, Martin ET, Lansky AJ, Kashanian F, Foo TK, Licato PE, Comeau CR: Myocardial first-pass perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: a multicenter dose-ranging study. Circulation. 110 (6): 732-737. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000138106.84335.62. Aug 10 2004

79.

Giang TH, Nanz D, Coulden R, Friedrich M, Graves M, Al-Saadi N, Luscher TF, von Schulthess GK, Schwitter J: Detection of coronary artery disease by magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging with various contrast medium doses: first European multi-centre experience. Eur Heart J. 2004, 25 (18): 1657-1665. 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.06.037.PubMed

80.

Ibrahim T, Nekolla SG, Schreiber K, Odaka K, Volz S, Mehilli J, Guthlin M, Delius W, Schwaiger M: Assessment of coronary flow reserve: comparison between contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 39 (5): 864-870. 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01829-0. Mar 6 2002

81.

Rieber J, Huber A, Erhard I, Mueller S, Schweyer M, Koenig A, Schiele TM, Theisen K, Siebert U, Schoenberg SO, Reiser M, Klauss V: Cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion imaging for the functional assessment of coronary artery disease: a comparison with coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve. Eur Heart J. 2006, 27 (12): 1465-1471. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl039.PubMed

82.

Ishida N, Sakuma H, Motoyasu M, Okinaka T, Isaka N, Nakano T, Takeda K: Noninfarcted myocardium: correlation between dynamic first-pass contrast-enhanced myocardial MR imaging and quantitative coronary angiography. Radiology. 2003, 229 (1): 209-216. 10.1148/radiol.2291021118.PubMed

83.

Paetsch I, Jahnke C, Wahl A, Gebker R, Neuss M, Fleck E, Nagel E: Comparison of dobutamine stress magnetic resonance, adenosine stress magnetic resonance, and adenosine stress magnetic resonance perfusion. Circulation. 110 (7): 835-842. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000138927.00357.FB. Aug 17 2004

84.

Ingkanisorn WP, Kwong RY, Bohme NS, Geller NL, Rhoads KL, Dyke CK, Paterson DI, Syed MA, Aletras AH, Arai AE: Prognosis of negative adenosine stress magnetic resonance in patients presenting to an emergency department with chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1427-1432. Apr 4 2006

85.

Vermeltfoort IA, Bondarenko O, Raijmakers PG, Odekerken DA, Kuijper AF, Zwijnenburg A, Vis-Melsen van der MJ, Twisk JW, Beek AM, Teule GJ, van Rossum AC: Is subendocardial ischaemia present in patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms? A cardiovascular MR study. Eur Heart J. 2007, 28 (13): 1554-1558. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm088.PubMed

86.

Lanza GA, Buffon A, Sestito A, Natale L, Sgueglia GA, Galiuto L, Infusino F, Mariani L, Centola A, Crea F: Relation between stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects on cardiovascular magnetic resonance and coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with cardiac syndrome X. J Am Coll Cardiol. 51 (4): 466-472. 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.08.060. Jan 29 2008

87.

Cook SC, Ferketich AK, Raman SV: Myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic adults with repaired aortic coarctation. Int J Cardiol. Feb 8 2008.,

88.

McCrohon JA, Moon JC, Prasad SK, McKenna WJ, Lorenz CH, Coats AJ, Pennell DJ: Differentiation of heart failure related to dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease using gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation. 108 (1): 54-59. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000078641.19365.4C. Jul 8 2003

89.

Paelinck BP, de Roos A, Bax JJ, Bosmans JM, Geest van Der RJ, Dhondt D, Parizel PM, Vrints CJ, Lamb HJ: Feasibility of tissue magnetic resonance imaging: a pilot study in comparison with tissue Doppler imaging and invasive measurement. J Am Coll Cardiol. 45 (7): 1109-1116. 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.051. Apr 5 2005

90.

Nagel E, Klein C, Paetsch I, Hettwer S, Schnackenburg B, Wegscheider K, Fleck E: Magnetic resonance perfusion measurements for the noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 108 (4): 432-437. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000080915.35024.A9. Jul 29 2003

91.

Plein S, Radjenovic A, Ridgway JP, Barmby D, Greenwood JP, Ball SG, Sivananthan MU: Coronary artery disease: myocardial perfusion MR imaging with sensitivity encoding versus conventional angiography. Radiology. 2005, 235 (2): 423-430. 10.1148/radiol.2352040454.PubMed

Title: Myocardial first-pass perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance: history, theory, and current state of the art
Authors: Bernhard L Gerber
Subha V Raman
Krishna Nayak
Frederick H Epstein
Pedro Ferreira
Leon Axel
Dara L Kraitchman
Publication date: 01-12-2008
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance / Issue 1/2008
Electronic ISSN: 1532-429X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-10-18

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Myocardial first-pass perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance: history, theory, and current state of the art

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2008

Accuracy of electrocardiographic criteria for atrial enlargement: validation with cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Angiographic correlations of patients with small vessel disease diagnosed by adenosine-stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of scar and ischemia burden early after acute ST elevation and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

Multi-center transferability of a breath-hold T2 technique for myocardial iron assessment

Towards comprehensive assessment of mitral regurgitation using cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Vascular function assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts survival in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease