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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research

Physical and psychological long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury in children and adult patients

Authors: Hagen Andruszkow, Ezin Deniz, Julia Urner, Christian Probst, Orna Grün, Ralf Lohse, Michael Frink, Christian Krettek, Christian Zeckey, Frank Hildebrand

Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes | Issue 1/2014

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Abstract

Background

Several studies have indicated that younger age is associated with worse recovery after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared to elder children. In order to verify this association between long-term outcome after moderate to severe TBI and patient’s age, direct comparison between different pediatric age groups as well as an adult population was performed.

Methods

This investigation represents a retrospective cohort study at a level I trauma center including patients with moderate to severe, isolated TBI with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. According to their age at time of injury, patients were divided in pre-school (0–7 years), school (8–17 years) and adult (18–65 years) patients. Physical examination and standardized questionnaire on physical and psychological aspects (Glasgow Outcome Scale, Barthel Index, Impact of Event Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, short form 12) were performed.

Results

135 traumatized patients were included. Physical and psychological long-term outcome was associated with injury severity but not with patients’ age at time of injury. Outcome recovery measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale was demonstrated with best results for pre-school aged children (p = 0.009). According to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale an increased incidence of anxiety (p = 0.010) and depression (p = 0.026) was evaluated in older patients.

Conclusion

Long-term outcome perceptions after moderate to severe TBI presented in this study question current views of deteriorated recovery for the immature brain. The sustained TBI impact seemed not to reduce the child’s ability to overcome the suffered impairment measured by questionnaire based psychological, physical and health related outcome scores. These results distinguish the relevance of rehabilitation and family support in the long term.
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Metadata
Title
Physical and psychological long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury in children and adult patients
Authors
Hagen Andruszkow
Ezin Deniz
Julia Urner
Christian Probst
Orna Grün
Ralf Lohse
Michael Frink
Christian Krettek
Christian Zeckey
Frank Hildebrand
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7525
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-26

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