Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the pediatric quality of life inventoryTM (PedsQLTM) 3.0 neuromuscular module in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Authors: Jun Hu, Li Jiang, Siqi Hong, Li Cheng, Min Kong, Yuanzhen Ye

Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM (PedsQLTM) is a widely used instrument to measure pediatric health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children aged 2 to 18 years. The current study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PedsQLTM 3.0 Neuromuscular Module in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods

The PedsQLTM 3.0 Neuromuscular Module was translated into Chinese following PedsQLTM Measurement Model Translation Methodology. The Chinese version scale was administered to 56 children with DMD and their parents, and the psychometric properties were evaluated.

Results

The missing value percentages for each item of the Chinese version scale ranged from 0.00% to 0.54%. Internal consistency reliability approached or exceeded the minimum reliability standard of α = 0.7 (child α = 0.81, parent α = 0.86). Test-retest reliability was satisfactory, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.66 for children and 0.88 for parents (P < 0.01). Correlation coefficients between iteims and their hypothesized subscales were higher than those with other subscales (P < 0.05). The subscale of “About My/My Child’s Neuromuscular Disease” significantly related to mobility and stair climbing status (Child t = 2.21, Parent t = 2.83, P < 0.05). The inter-correlations among the Chinese version of the PedsQLTM 3.0 Neuromuscular Module and the PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic Core Scales had medium to large effect sizes (P < 0.05). The child self-report scores were in moderate agreement with the parent proxy-report scores (ICC = 0.51, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the PedsQLTM 3.0 Neuromuscular Module has acceptable psychometric properties. It is a reliable measure of disease-specific HRQOL in Chinese children with DMD.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Emery AE: Population frequencies of inherited neuromuscular diseases–a world survey. Neuromuscul Disord 1991,1(1):19–29. 10.1016/0960-8966(91)90039-UPubMedCrossRef Emery AE: Population frequencies of inherited neuromuscular diseases–a world survey. Neuromuscul Disord 1991,1(1):19–29. 10.1016/0960-8966(91)90039-UPubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Kunkel LM, Hejtmancik JF, Caskey CT, Speer A, Monaco AP, Middlesworth W, Colletti CA, Bertelson C, Müller U, Bresnan M: Analysis of deletions in DNA from patients with becker and duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nature 1986,322(6074):73–77. 10.1038/322073a0PubMedCrossRef Kunkel LM, Hejtmancik JF, Caskey CT, Speer A, Monaco AP, Middlesworth W, Colletti CA, Bertelson C, Müller U, Bresnan M: Analysis of deletions in DNA from patients with becker and duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nature 1986,322(6074):73–77. 10.1038/322073a0PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Chakkalakal JV, Thompson J, Parks RJ, Jasmin BJ: Molecular, cellular, and pharmacological therapies for duchenne/becker muscular dystrophies. FASEB J 2005,19(8):880–891. 10.1096/fj.04-1956revPubMedCrossRef Chakkalakal JV, Thompson J, Parks RJ, Jasmin BJ: Molecular, cellular, and pharmacological therapies for duchenne/becker muscular dystrophies. FASEB J 2005,19(8):880–891. 10.1096/fj.04-1956revPubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Moxley RT 3rd, Ashwal S, Pandya S, Connolly A, Florence J, Mathews K, Baumbach L, McDonald C, Sussman M, Wade C: Practice parameter: corticosteroid treatment of duchenne dystrophy: report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American academy of neurology and the practice committee of the child neurology society. Neurology 2005,64(1):13–20. 10.1212/01.WNL.0000148485.00049.B7PubMedCrossRef Moxley RT 3rd, Ashwal S, Pandya S, Connolly A, Florence J, Mathews K, Baumbach L, McDonald C, Sussman M, Wade C: Practice parameter: corticosteroid treatment of duchenne dystrophy: report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American academy of neurology and the practice committee of the child neurology society. Neurology 2005,64(1):13–20. 10.1212/01.WNL.0000148485.00049.B7PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Manzur AY, Kuntzer T, Pike M, Swan A: Glucocorticoid corticosteroids for duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008, 1: CD003725.PubMed Manzur AY, Kuntzer T, Pike M, Swan A: Glucocorticoid corticosteroids for duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008, 1: CD003725.PubMed
6.
go back to reference Bushby K, Finkel R, Birnkrant DJ, Case LE, Clemens PR, Cripe L, Kaul A, Kinnett K, McDonald C, Pandya S: Diagnosis and management of duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and pharmacological and psychosocial management. Lancet Neurol 2010,9(1):77–93. 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70271-6PubMedCrossRef Bushby K, Finkel R, Birnkrant DJ, Case LE, Clemens PR, Cripe L, Kaul A, Kinnett K, McDonald C, Pandya S: Diagnosis and management of duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and pharmacological and psychosocial management. Lancet Neurol 2010,9(1):77–93. 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70271-6PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Bushby K, Finkel R, Birnkrant DJ, Case LE, Clemens PR, Cripe L, Kaul A, Kinnett K, McDonald C, Pandya S: Diagnosis and management of duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: implementation of multidisciplinary care. Lancet Neurol 2010,9(2):177–189. 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70272-8PubMedCrossRef Bushby K, Finkel R, Birnkrant DJ, Case LE, Clemens PR, Cripe L, Kaul A, Kinnett K, McDonald C, Pandya S: Diagnosis and management of duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: implementation of multidisciplinary care. Lancet Neurol 2010,9(2):177–189. 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70272-8PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Moxley RT 3rd, Pandya S, Ciafaloni E, Fox DJ, Campbell K: Change in natural history of duchenne muscular dystrophy with long-term corticosteroid treatment: implications for management. J Child Neurol 2010,25(9):1116–1129. 10.1177/0883073810371004PubMedCrossRef Moxley RT 3rd, Pandya S, Ciafaloni E, Fox DJ, Campbell K: Change in natural history of duchenne muscular dystrophy with long-term corticosteroid treatment: implications for management. J Child Neurol 2010,25(9):1116–1129. 10.1177/0883073810371004PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Young HK, Lowe A, Fitzgerald DA, Seton C, Waters KA, Kenny E, Hynan LS, Iannaccone ST, North KN, Ryan MM: Outcome of noninvasive ventilation in children with neuromuscular disease. Neurology 2007,68(3):198–201. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000251299.54608.13PubMedCrossRef Young HK, Lowe A, Fitzgerald DA, Seton C, Waters KA, Kenny E, Hynan LS, Iannaccone ST, North KN, Ryan MM: Outcome of noninvasive ventilation in children with neuromuscular disease. Neurology 2007,68(3):198–201. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000251299.54608.13PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Mah JK, Thannhauser JE, Kolski H, Dewey D: Parental stress and quality of life in children with neuromuscular disease. Pediatr Neurol 2008,39(2):102–107. 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.04.011PubMedCrossRef Mah JK, Thannhauser JE, Kolski H, Dewey D: Parental stress and quality of life in children with neuromuscular disease. Pediatr Neurol 2008,39(2):102–107. 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.04.011PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Iannaccone ST, Hynan LS, Morton A, Buchanan R, Limbers CA, Varni JW, AmSMART Group: The PedsQL™ in pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy: feasibility, reliability, and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ generic core scales and neuromuscular module. Neuromuscul Disord 2009,19(12):805–812. 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.09.009PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Iannaccone ST, Hynan LS, Morton A, Buchanan R, Limbers CA, Varni JW, AmSMART Group: The PedsQL™ in pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy: feasibility, reliability, and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ generic core scales and neuromuscular module. Neuromuscul Disord 2009,19(12):805–812. 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.09.009PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Davis SE, Hynan LS, Limbers CA, Andersen CM, Greene MC, Varni JW, Iannaccone ST: The PedsQL™ in pediatric patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy: feasibility, reliability, and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ neuromuscular module and generic core scales. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2010,11(3):97–109. 10.1097/CND.0b013e3181c5053bPubMedCrossRef Davis SE, Hynan LS, Limbers CA, Andersen CM, Greene MC, Varni JW, Iannaccone ST: The PedsQL™ in pediatric patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy: feasibility, reliability, and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ neuromuscular module and generic core scales. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2010,11(3):97–109. 10.1097/CND.0b013e3181c5053bPubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Felder-Puig R, Frey E, Proksch K, Varni JW, Gadner H, Topf R: Validation of the German version of the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL) in childhood cancer patients off treatment and children with epilepsy. Qual Life Res 2004,13(1):223–234.PubMedCrossRef Felder-Puig R, Frey E, Proksch K, Varni JW, Gadner H, Topf R: Validation of the German version of the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL) in childhood cancer patients off treatment and children with epilepsy. Qual Life Res 2004,13(1):223–234.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Sprangers MA, Cull A, Bjordal K, Groenvold M, Aaronson NK: The European organization for research and treatment of cancer. Approach to quality of life assessment: guidelines for developing questionnaire modules. EORTC study group on quality of life. Qual Life Res 1993,2(4):287–295. 10.1007/BF00434800PubMedCrossRef Sprangers MA, Cull A, Bjordal K, Groenvold M, Aaronson NK: The European organization for research and treatment of cancer. Approach to quality of life assessment: guidelines for developing questionnaire modules. EORTC study group on quality of life. Qual Life Res 1993,2(4):287–295. 10.1007/BF00434800PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Patrick DL, Deyo RA: Generic and disease-specific measures in assessing health status and quality of life. Med Care 1989,27(3 Suppl):S217-S232.PubMedCrossRef Patrick DL, Deyo RA: Generic and disease-specific measures in assessing health status and quality of life. Med Care 1989,27(3 Suppl):S217-S232.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Katz ER, Meeske K, Dickinson P: The PedsQL in pediatric cancer: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales, multidimensional fatigue scale, and cancer module. Cancer 2002,94(7):2090–2106. 10.1002/cncr.10428PubMedCrossRef Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Katz ER, Meeske K, Dickinson P: The PedsQL in pediatric cancer: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales, multidimensional fatigue scale, and cancer module. Cancer 2002,94(7):2090–2106. 10.1002/cncr.10428PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Jacobs JR, Gottschalk M, Kaufman F, Jones KL: The PedsQL in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales and type 1 diabetes module. Diabetes Care 2003,26(3):631–637. 10.2337/diacare.26.3.631PubMedCrossRef Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Jacobs JR, Gottschalk M, Kaufman F, Jones KL: The PedsQL in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales and type 1 diabetes module. Diabetes Care 2003,26(3):631–637. 10.2337/diacare.26.3.631PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Rapoff MA, Kamps JL, Olson N: The PedsQL in pediatric asthma: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales and asthma module. J Behav Med 2004,27(3):297–318.PubMedCrossRef Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Rapoff MA, Kamps JL, Olson N: The PedsQL in pediatric asthma: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales and asthma module. J Behav Med 2004,27(3):297–318.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Berrin SJ, Sherman SA, Artavia K, Malcarne VL, Chambers HG: The PedsQL in pediatric cerebral palsy: reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the generic core scales and cerebral palsy module. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006,48(6):442–449. 10.1017/S001216220600096XPubMedCrossRef Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Berrin SJ, Sherman SA, Artavia K, Malcarne VL, Chambers HG: The PedsQL in pediatric cerebral palsy: reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the generic core scales and cerebral palsy module. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006,48(6):442–449. 10.1017/S001216220600096XPubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Varni JW, Seid M, Rode CA: The PedsQL: measurement model for the pediatric quality of life inventory. Med Care 1999,37(2):126–139. 10.1097/00005650-199902000-00003PubMedCrossRef Varni JW, Seid M, Rode CA: The PedsQL: measurement model for the pediatric quality of life inventory. Med Care 1999,37(2):126–139. 10.1097/00005650-199902000-00003PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Eiser C, Morse R: Quality-of-life measures in chronic diseases of childhood. Health Technol Assess 2001,5(4):1–157.PubMedCrossRef Eiser C, Morse R: Quality-of-life measures in chronic diseases of childhood. Health Technol Assess 2001,5(4):1–157.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS: PedsQL 4.0: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Med Care 2001,39(8):800–812. 10.1097/00005650-200108000-00006PubMedCrossRef Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS: PedsQL 4.0: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Med Care 2001,39(8):800–812. 10.1097/00005650-200108000-00006PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Varni JW, Limbers CA: The pediatric quality of life inventory: measuring pediatric health-related quality of life from the perspective of children and their parents. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009,56(4):843–863. 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.05.016PubMedCrossRef Varni JW, Limbers CA: The pediatric quality of life inventory: measuring pediatric health-related quality of life from the perspective of children and their parents. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009,56(4):843–863. 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.05.016PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Hao Y, Tian Q, Lu Y, Chai Y, Rao S: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the pediatric quality of life inventory 4.0 Generic core scales. Qual Life Res 2010,19(8):1229–1233. 10.1007/s11136-010-9672-yPubMedCrossRef Hao Y, Tian Q, Lu Y, Chai Y, Rao S: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the pediatric quality of life inventory 4.0 Generic core scales. Qual Life Res 2010,19(8):1229–1233. 10.1007/s11136-010-9672-yPubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Florence JM, Pandya S, King WM, Robison JD, Signore LC, Wentzell M, Province MA: Clinical trials in duchenne dystrophy. Standardization and reliability of evaluation procedures. Phys Ther 1984,64(1):41–45.PubMed Florence JM, Pandya S, King WM, Robison JD, Signore LC, Wentzell M, Province MA: Clinical trials in duchenne dystrophy. Standardization and reliability of evaluation procedures. Phys Ther 1984,64(1):41–45.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Scaling and scoring of the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM PedsQL (Updated version) http://www.pedsql.org , Scaling and scoring of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM PedsQL (Updated version) http://www.pedsql.org Scaling and scoring of the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM PedsQL (Updated version) http://www.pedsql.org , Scaling and scoring of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM PedsQL (Updated version) http://​www.​pedsql.​org
28.
go back to reference McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Lu JF, Sherbourne CD: The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. Med Care 1994,32(1):40–66. 10.1097/00005650-199401000-00004PubMedCrossRef McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Lu JF, Sherbourne CD: The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. Med Care 1994,32(1):40–66. 10.1097/00005650-199401000-00004PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Cronbach LJ: Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 1951,16(3):297–334. 10.1007/BF02310555CrossRef Cronbach LJ: Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 1951,16(3):297–334. 10.1007/BF02310555CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Pedhazur EJ, Schmelkin LP: Measurement, design, and analysis: an integrated approach. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1991. Pedhazur EJ, Schmelkin LP: Measurement, design, and analysis: an integrated approach. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1991.
31.
go back to reference Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH: Psychometric Theory. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994. Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH: Psychometric Theory. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994.
32.
go back to reference Bartko JJ: The intraclass correlation coefficient as a measure of reliability. Psychol Rep 1966,19(1):3–11. 10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.3PubMedCrossRef Bartko JJ: The intraclass correlation coefficient as a measure of reliability. Psychol Rep 1966,19(1):3–11. 10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.3PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Fayers PM, Machin D: Quality of life: assessment, analysis and interpretation. New York: Wiley; 2000.CrossRef Fayers PM, Machin D: Quality of life: assessment, analysis and interpretation. New York: Wiley; 2000.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Wilson KA, Dowling AJ, Abdolell M, Tannock IF: Perception of quality of life by patients, partners and treating physicians. Qual Life Res 2000,9(9):1041–1052. 10.1023/A:1016647407161PubMedCrossRef Wilson KA, Dowling AJ, Abdolell M, Tannock IF: Perception of quality of life by patients, partners and treating physicians. Qual Life Res 2000,9(9):1041–1052. 10.1023/A:1016647407161PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A: G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007,39(2):175–191. 10.3758/BF03193146PubMedCrossRef Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A: G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007,39(2):175–191. 10.3758/BF03193146PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Fayers PM, Hand DJ: Factor analysis, causal indicators and quality of life. Qual Life Res 1997,6(2):139–150.PubMedCrossRef Fayers PM, Hand DJ: Factor analysis, causal indicators and quality of life. Qual Life Res 1997,6(2):139–150.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Cohen J: Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Volume 2. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1988. Cohen J: Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Volume 2. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1988.
38.
go back to reference McGraw KO, Wong SP: Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychol Meth 1996,1(1):30–46.CrossRef McGraw KO, Wong SP: Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychol Meth 1996,1(1):30–46.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Cremeens J, Eiser C, Blades M: Factors influencing agreement between child self-report and parent proxy-reports on the pediatric quality of life inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) generic core scales. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2006, 4: 58. 10.1186/1477-7525-4-58PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Cremeens J, Eiser C, Blades M: Factors influencing agreement between child self-report and parent proxy-reports on the pediatric quality of life inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) generic core scales. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2006, 4: 58. 10.1186/1477-7525-4-58PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Varni JW, Seid M, Smith Knight T, Burwinkle T, Brown J, Szer IS: The PedsQL in pediatric rheumatology: reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales and rheumatology module. Arthritis Rheum 2002,46(3):714–725. 10.1002/art.10095PubMedCrossRef Varni JW, Seid M, Smith Knight T, Burwinkle T, Brown J, Szer IS: The PedsQL in pediatric rheumatology: reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales and rheumatology module. Arthritis Rheum 2002,46(3):714–725. 10.1002/art.10095PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Novick M, Lewis G: Coefficient alpha and the reliability of composite measurements. Psychometrika 1967,32(1):1–13. 10.1007/BF02289400PubMedCrossRef Novick M, Lewis G: Coefficient alpha and the reliability of composite measurements. Psychometrika 1967,32(1):1–13. 10.1007/BF02289400PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Sprangers MA, Aaronson NK: The role of health care providers and significant others in evaluating the quality of life of patients with chronic disease: a review. J Clin Epidemiol 1992,45(7):743–760. 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90052-OPubMedCrossRef Sprangers MA, Aaronson NK: The role of health care providers and significant others in evaluating the quality of life of patients with chronic disease: a review. J Clin Epidemiol 1992,45(7):743–760. 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90052-OPubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Achenbach TM, McConaughy SH, Howell CT: Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychol Bull 1987,101(2):213–232.PubMedCrossRef Achenbach TM, McConaughy SH, Howell CT: Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychol Bull 1987,101(2):213–232.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Upton P, Lawford J, Eiser C: Parent–child agreement across child health-related quality of life instruments: a review of the literature. Qual Life Res 2008,17(6):895–913. 10.1007/s11136-008-9350-5PubMedCrossRef Upton P, Lawford J, Eiser C: Parent–child agreement across child health-related quality of life instruments: a review of the literature. Qual Life Res 2008,17(6):895–913. 10.1007/s11136-008-9350-5PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Eiser C, Morse R: Can parents rate their child’s health-related quality of life? Results of a systematic review. Qual Life Res 2001,10(4):347–357. 10.1023/A:1012253723272PubMedCrossRef Eiser C, Morse R: Can parents rate their child’s health-related quality of life? Results of a systematic review. Qual Life Res 2001,10(4):347–357. 10.1023/A:1012253723272PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS: Using Multivariate Analysis. Volume 4. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon; 2001. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS: Using Multivariate Analysis. Volume 4. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon; 2001.
Metadata
Title
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the pediatric quality of life inventoryTM (PedsQLTM) 3.0 neuromuscular module in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors
Jun Hu
Li Jiang
Siqi Hong
Li Cheng
Min Kong
Yuanzhen Ye
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7525
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-47

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2013 Go to the issue