Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Research

The German adaptation of the Cambridge pulmonary hypertension outcome review (CAMPHOR)

Authors: Katharina Cima, James Twiss, Rudolf Speich, Stephen P McKenna, Ekkehard Grünig, Christian M Kähler, Nicola Ehlken, Ursula Treder, Sigrid R Crawford, Lars C Huber, Silvia Ulrich

Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Individuals with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) experience severely impaired quality of life. A disease-specific outcome measure for PH, the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) was developed and validated in the UK and subsequently adapted for use in additional countries. The aim of this study was to translate and assess the reliability and validity of the CAMPHOR for German-speaking populations.

Methods

Three main adaptation stages involved; translation (employing bilingual and lay panels), cognitive debriefing interviews with patients and validation (assessment of the adaptation’s psychometric properties). The psychometric evaluation included 107 patients with precapillary PH (60 females; age mean (standard deviation) 60 (15) years) from 3 centres in Austria, Germany and Switzerland.

Results

No major problems were found with the translation process with most items easily rendered into acceptable German. Participants in the cognitive debriefing interviews found the questionnaires relevant, comprehensive and easy to complete. Psychometric analyses showed that the adaptation was successful. The three CAMPHOR scales (symptoms, activity limitations and quality of life) had excellent test-retest reliability correlations (Symptoms = 0.91; Activity limitations = 0.91; QoL = 0.90) and internal consistency (Symptoms = 0.94; Activity limitations = 0.93; QoL = 0.94). Predicted correlations with the Nottingham Health Profile provided evidence of the construct validity of the CAMPHOR scales. The CAMPHOR adaptation also showed known group validity in its ability to distinguish between participants based on perceived general health, perceived disease severity, oxygen use and NYHA classification.

Conclusions

The CAMPHOR has been shown to be valid and reliable in the German population and is recommend for use in clinical practice.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Humbert M, Sitbon O, Yaïci A, Montani D, O'Callaghan DS, Jaïs X, Parent F, Savale L, Natali D, Günther S, Chaouat A, Chabot F, Cordier JF, Habib G, Gressin V, Jing ZC, Souza R, Simonneau G, French Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Network: Survival in incident and prevalent cohorts of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2010, 36: 549–55. 10.1183/09031936.00057010CrossRefPubMed Humbert M, Sitbon O, Yaïci A, Montani D, O'Callaghan DS, Jaïs X, Parent F, Savale L, Natali D, Günther S, Chaouat A, Chabot F, Cordier JF, Habib G, Gressin V, Jing ZC, Souza R, Simonneau G, French Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Network: Survival in incident and prevalent cohorts of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2010, 36: 549–55. 10.1183/09031936.00057010CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Shapiro S, Traiger GL, Turner M, McGoon MD, Wason P, Barst RJ: Sex differences in the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension enrolled in the registry to evaluate early and long-term PAH disease management (REVEAL). Chest 2011, 141(2):363–373.CrossRefPubMed Shapiro S, Traiger GL, Turner M, McGoon MD, Wason P, Barst RJ: Sex differences in the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension enrolled in the registry to evaluate early and long-term PAH disease management (REVEAL). Chest 2011, 141(2):363–373.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Condliffe R, Kiely DG, Gibbs JS, Corris PA, Peacock AJ, Jenkins DP, Hodgkins D, Goldsmith K, Hughes RJ, Sheares K, Tsui SS, Armstrong IJ, Torpy C, Crackett R, Carlin CM, Das C, Coghlan JG, Pepke-Zaba J: Improved outcomes in medically and surgically treated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008, 177: 1122–1127. 10.1164/rccm.200712-1841OCCrossRefPubMed Condliffe R, Kiely DG, Gibbs JS, Corris PA, Peacock AJ, Jenkins DP, Hodgkins D, Goldsmith K, Hughes RJ, Sheares K, Tsui SS, Armstrong IJ, Torpy C, Crackett R, Carlin CM, Das C, Coghlan JG, Pepke-Zaba J: Improved outcomes in medically and surgically treated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008, 177: 1122–1127. 10.1164/rccm.200712-1841OCCrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference McLaughlin VV, Badesch DB, Delcroix M, Fleming TR, Gaine SP, Galiè N, Gibbs JS, Kim NH, Oudiz RJ, Peacock A, Provencher S, Sitbon O, Tapson VF, Seeger W: End points and clinical trial design in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009, 54: S97-S107. 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.007CrossRefPubMed McLaughlin VV, Badesch DB, Delcroix M, Fleming TR, Gaine SP, Galiè N, Gibbs JS, Kim NH, Oudiz RJ, Peacock A, Provencher S, Sitbon O, Tapson VF, Seeger W: End points and clinical trial design in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009, 54: S97-S107. 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.007CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Benza RL, Miller DP, Gomberg-Maitland M, Frantz RP, Foreman AJ, Coffey CS, Frost A, Barst RJ, Badesch DB, Elliott CG, Liou TG, McGoon MD: Predicting survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL). Circulation 2010, 122: 164–172. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.898122CrossRefPubMed Benza RL, Miller DP, Gomberg-Maitland M, Frantz RP, Foreman AJ, Coffey CS, Frost A, Barst RJ, Badesch DB, Elliott CG, Liou TG, McGoon MD: Predicting survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL). Circulation 2010, 122: 164–172. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.898122CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Galiè N, Olschewski H, Oudiz RJ, Torres F, Frost A, Ghofrani HA, Badesch DB, McGoon MD, McLaughlin VV, Roecker EB, Gerber MJ, Dufton C, Wiens BL, Rubin LJ: Ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of the ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy (ARIES) study 1 and 2. Circulation 2008, 117: 3010–3019. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.742510CrossRefPubMed Galiè N, Olschewski H, Oudiz RJ, Torres F, Frost A, Ghofrani HA, Badesch DB, McGoon MD, McLaughlin VV, Roecker EB, Gerber MJ, Dufton C, Wiens BL, Rubin LJ: Ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of the ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy (ARIES) study 1 and 2. Circulation 2008, 117: 3010–3019. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.742510CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Jaïs X, D'Armini AM, Jansa P, Torbicki A, Delcroix M, Ghofrani HA, Hoeper MM, Lang IM, Mayer E, Pepke-Zaba J, Perchenet L, Morganti A, Simonneau G, Rubin LJ: Bosentan for treatment of inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: BENEFiT (Bosentan Effects in iNopErable Forms of chronIc Thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension), a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008, 52: 2127–2134. 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.059CrossRefPubMed Jaïs X, D'Armini AM, Jansa P, Torbicki A, Delcroix M, Ghofrani HA, Hoeper MM, Lang IM, Mayer E, Pepke-Zaba J, Perchenet L, Morganti A, Simonneau G, Rubin LJ: Bosentan for treatment of inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: BENEFiT (Bosentan Effects in iNopErable Forms of chronIc Thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension), a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008, 52: 2127–2134. 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.059CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Simonneau G, Rubin LJ, Galiè N, Barst RJ, Fleming TR, Frost AE, Engel PJ, Kramer MR, Burgess G, Collings L, Cossons N, Sitbon O, Badesch DB, PACES Study Group: Addition of sildenafil to long-term intravenous epoprostenol therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008, 149: 521–530.CrossRefPubMed Simonneau G, Rubin LJ, Galiè N, Barst RJ, Fleming TR, Frost AE, Engel PJ, Kramer MR, Burgess G, Collings L, Cossons N, Sitbon O, Badesch DB, PACES Study Group: Addition of sildenafil to long-term intravenous epoprostenol therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008, 149: 521–530.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Galiè N, Brundage BH, Ghofrani HA, Oudiz RJ, Simonneau G, Safdar Z, Shapiro S, White RJ, Chan M, Beardsworth A, Frumkin L, Barst RJ: Tadalafil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2009, 119: 2894–2903. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.839274CrossRefPubMed Galiè N, Brundage BH, Ghofrani HA, Oudiz RJ, Simonneau G, Safdar Z, Shapiro S, White RJ, Chan M, Beardsworth A, Frumkin L, Barst RJ: Tadalafil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2009, 119: 2894–2903. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.839274CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Olschewski H, Simonneau G, Galiè N, Higenbottam T, Naeije R, Rubin LJ, Nikkho S, Speich R, Hoeper MM, Behr J, Winkler J, Sitbon O, Popov W, Ghofrani HA, Manes A, Kiely DG, Ewert R, Meyer A, Corris PA, Delcroix M, Gomez-Sanchez M, Siedentop H, Seeger W: Inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 2002, 347: 322–329. 10.1056/NEJMoa020204CrossRefPubMed Olschewski H, Simonneau G, Galiè N, Higenbottam T, Naeije R, Rubin LJ, Nikkho S, Speich R, Hoeper MM, Behr J, Winkler J, Sitbon O, Popov W, Ghofrani HA, Manes A, Kiely DG, Ewert R, Meyer A, Corris PA, Delcroix M, Gomez-Sanchez M, Siedentop H, Seeger W: Inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 2002, 347: 322–329. 10.1056/NEJMoa020204CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Long WA, McGoon MD, Rich S, Badesch DB, Groves BM, Tapson VF, Bourge RC, Brundage BH, Koerner SK, Langleben D, Keller CA, Murali S, Uretsky BF, Clayton LM, Jöbsis MM, Blackburn SD, Shortino D, Crow JW, for the Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group: A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. The Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996, 334: 296–302. 10.1056/NEJM199602013340504CrossRefPubMed Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Long WA, McGoon MD, Rich S, Badesch DB, Groves BM, Tapson VF, Bourge RC, Brundage BH, Koerner SK, Langleben D, Keller CA, Murali S, Uretsky BF, Clayton LM, Jöbsis MM, Blackburn SD, Shortino D, Crow JW, for the Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group: A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. The Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996, 334: 296–302. 10.1056/NEJM199602013340504CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Gilbert C, Brown MC, Cappelleri JC, Carlsson M, McKenna SP: Estimating a minimally important difference in pulmonary arterial hypertension following treatment with sildenafil. Chest 2009, 135: 137–142. 10.1378/chest.07-0275CrossRefPubMed Gilbert C, Brown MC, Cappelleri JC, Carlsson M, McKenna SP: Estimating a minimally important difference in pulmonary arterial hypertension following treatment with sildenafil. Chest 2009, 135: 137–142. 10.1378/chest.07-0275CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference McLaughlin VV, Benza RL, Rubin LJ, Channick RN, Voswinckel R, Tapson VF, Robbins IM, Olschewski H, Rubenfire M, Seeger W: Addition of inhaled treprostinil to oral therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010, 55: 1915–1922. 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.027CrossRefPubMed McLaughlin VV, Benza RL, Rubin LJ, Channick RN, Voswinckel R, Tapson VF, Robbins IM, Olschewski H, Rubenfire M, Seeger W: Addition of inhaled treprostinil to oral therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010, 55: 1915–1922. 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.027CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Simonneau G, Barst RJ, Galie N, Naeije R, Rich S, Bourge RC, Keogh A, Oudiz R, Frost A, Blackburn SD, Crow JW, Rubin LJ: Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 165: 800–804.CrossRefPubMed Simonneau G, Barst RJ, Galie N, Naeije R, Rich S, Bourge RC, Keogh A, Oudiz R, Frost A, Blackburn SD, Crow JW, Rubin LJ: Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 165: 800–804.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Cenedese E, Speich R, Dorschner L, Ulrich S, Maggiorini M, Jenni R, Fischler M: Measurement of Quality of Life in pulmonary hypertension and its significance. Eur Respir J 2006, 28: 808–815. 10.1183/09031936.06.00130405CrossRefPubMed Cenedese E, Speich R, Dorschner L, Ulrich S, Maggiorini M, Jenni R, Fischler M: Measurement of Quality of Life in pulmonary hypertension and its significance. Eur Respir J 2006, 28: 808–815. 10.1183/09031936.06.00130405CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Chen H, De Marco T, Kobashigawa EA, Katz PP, Chang VW, Blanc PD: Comparison of cardiac and pulmonary-specific quality-of-life measures in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2011, 38: 608–616. 10.1183/09031936.00161410PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Chen H, De Marco T, Kobashigawa EA, Katz PP, Chang VW, Blanc PD: Comparison of cardiac and pulmonary-specific quality-of-life measures in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2011, 38: 608–616. 10.1183/09031936.00161410PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference McKenna SP, Doughty N, Meads DM, Doward LC, Pepke-Zaba J: The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR): A measure of health-related quality of life and quality of life for patients with pulmonary hypertension. Qual Life Res 2006, 15: 103–115. 10.1007/s11136-005-3513-4CrossRefPubMed McKenna SP, Doughty N, Meads DM, Doward LC, Pepke-Zaba J: The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR): A measure of health-related quality of life and quality of life for patients with pulmonary hypertension. Qual Life Res 2006, 15: 103–115. 10.1007/s11136-005-3513-4CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference ATS: Statement:guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 166: 111–117.CrossRef ATS: Statement:guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 166: 111–117.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Wilsher M, Good N, Hopkins R, Young P, Milne D, Gibson A, Suppiah R, Ly J, Doughty R, Dalbeth N: The six-minute walk test using forehead oximetry is reliable in the assessment of scleroderma lung disease. Respirology 2012, 17(4):647–652. May 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02133.xCrossRefPubMed Wilsher M, Good N, Hopkins R, Young P, Milne D, Gibson A, Suppiah R, Ly J, Doughty R, Dalbeth N: The six-minute walk test using forehead oximetry is reliable in the assessment of scleroderma lung disease. Respirology 2012, 17(4):647–652. May 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02133.xCrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Goldman MD, Marrie RA, Cohen JA: Evaluation of the six-minute walk in multiple sclerosis subjects and healthy controls. Mult Scler 2008, 14(3):383–390. Apr 10.1177/1352458507082607CrossRefPubMed Goldman MD, Marrie RA, Cohen JA: Evaluation of the six-minute walk in multiple sclerosis subjects and healthy controls. Mult Scler 2008, 14(3):383–390. Apr 10.1177/1352458507082607CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Sciurba F, Criner GJ, Lee SM, Mohsenifar Z, Shade D, Slivka W, Wise RA: National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. Six-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: reproducibility and effect of walking course layout and length. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 167: 1522–1527. 10.1164/rccm.200203-166OCCrossRefPubMed Sciurba F, Criner GJ, Lee SM, Mohsenifar Z, Shade D, Slivka W, Wise RA: National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. Six-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: reproducibility and effect of walking course layout and length. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 167: 1522–1527. 10.1164/rccm.200203-166OCCrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Gomberg-Maitland M, Huo D, Benza RL, McLaughlin VV, Tapson VF, Barst RJ: Creation of a model comparing 6-minute walk test to metabolic equivalent in evaluating treatment effects in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007, 26: 732–738. 10.1016/j.healun.2007.04.013CrossRefPubMed Gomberg-Maitland M, Huo D, Benza RL, McLaughlin VV, Tapson VF, Barst RJ: Creation of a model comparing 6-minute walk test to metabolic equivalent in evaluating treatment effects in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007, 26: 732–738. 10.1016/j.healun.2007.04.013CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Oudiz RJ, Barst RJ, Hansen JE, Sun XG, Garofano R, Wu X, Wasserman K, et al.: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and six-minute walk correlations in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2006, 97: 123–126. 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.129CrossRefPubMed Oudiz RJ, Barst RJ, Hansen JE, Sun XG, Garofano R, Wu X, Wasserman K, et al.: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and six-minute walk correlations in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2006, 97: 123–126. 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.129CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association: Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels. 9th edition. Little, Brown & Co, Boston, Mass; 1994:253–256. The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association: Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels. 9th edition. Little, Brown & Co, Boston, Mass; 1994:253–256.
25.
go back to reference Hunt SM, McEwen J: McKenna SP. Croom Helm, Measuring Health Status London; 1986. Hunt SM, McEwen J: McKenna SP. Croom Helm, Measuring Health Status London; 1986.
26.
go back to reference Gomberg-Maitland M, Thenappan T, Rizvi K, Chandra S, Meads DM, McKenna SP: United States validation of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR). J Heart Lung Transplant 2008, 27: 124–130. 10.1016/j.healun.2007.10.004CrossRefPubMed Gomberg-Maitland M, Thenappan T, Rizvi K, Chandra S, Meads DM, McKenna SP: United States validation of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR). J Heart Lung Transplant 2008, 27: 124–130. 10.1016/j.healun.2007.10.004CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Coffin D, Duval K, Martel S, Granton J, Lefebvre MC, Meads DM, Twiss J, McKenna SP: Adaptation of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) into French-Canadian and English-Canadian. Can Respir J 2008, 15: 77–83.PubMedCentralPubMed Coffin D, Duval K, Martel S, Granton J, Lefebvre MC, Meads DM, Twiss J, McKenna SP: Adaptation of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) into French-Canadian and English-Canadian. Can Respir J 2008, 15: 77–83.PubMedCentralPubMed
28.
go back to reference Ganderton L, Jenkins S, McKenna SP, Gain K, Fowler R, Twiss J, Gabbay E: Validation of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) for the Australian and New Zealand population. Respirology 2011, 16: 1235–1240. 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02030.xCrossRefPubMed Ganderton L, Jenkins S, McKenna SP, Gain K, Fowler R, Twiss J, Gabbay E: Validation of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) for the Australian and New Zealand population. Respirology 2011, 16: 1235–1240. 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02030.xCrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference McKenna SP, Hunt SM, Tennant A: The development of a patient-completed index of distress from the Nottingham Health Profile: A new measure for use in cost-utility studies. Br J Med Econ 1993, 6: 13–24.CrossRef McKenna SP, Hunt SM, Tennant A: The development of a patient-completed index of distress from the Nottingham Health Profile: A new measure for use in cost-utility studies. Br J Med Econ 1993, 6: 13–24.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference McKenna SP, Ratcliffe J, Meads DM, Brazier JE: Development and validation of a preference based measure derived from the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) for use in cost utility analyses. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2008, 6: 65. 10.1186/1477-7525-6-65PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed McKenna SP, Ratcliffe J, Meads DM, Brazier JE: Development and validation of a preference based measure derived from the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) for use in cost utility analyses. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2008, 6: 65. 10.1186/1477-7525-6-65PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Meads DM, McKenna SP, Doughty N, Das C, Gin-Sing W, Langley J, Pepke-Zaba J: The responsiveness and validity of the CAMPHOR Utility Index. Eur Respir J 2008, 32: 1513–1519. 10.1183/09031936.00069708CrossRefPubMed Meads DM, McKenna SP, Doughty N, Das C, Gin-Sing W, Langley J, Pepke-Zaba J: The responsiveness and validity of the CAMPHOR Utility Index. Eur Respir J 2008, 32: 1513–1519. 10.1183/09031936.00069708CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
The German adaptation of the Cambridge pulmonary hypertension outcome review (CAMPHOR)
Authors
Katharina Cima
James Twiss
Rudolf Speich
Stephen P McKenna
Ekkehard Grünig
Christian M Kähler
Nicola Ehlken
Ursula Treder
Sigrid R Crawford
Lars C Huber
Silvia Ulrich
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7525
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-10-110

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2012 Go to the issue