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Journal of Inflammation
Published in: Journal of Inflammation 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research

Lipopolysaccharide induces the expression of an autocrine prolactin loop enhancing inflammatory response in monocytes

Authors: Gonzalo López-Rincón, Ana L Pereira-Suárez, Susana Del Toro-Arreola, Pedro E Sánchez-Hernández, Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, Ciro Estrada-Chávez

Published in: Journal of Inflammation | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

Background

Prolactin from pituitary gland helps maintain homeostasis but it is also released in immune cells where its function is not completely understood. Pleiotropic functions of prolactin (PRL) might be mediated by different isoforms of its receptor (PRLr).

Methods

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the eventual synthesis of PRL and PRLr isoforms with the inflammatory response in monocytes. We used THP-1 and monocytes isolated from healthy subjects stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western blot, real time PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed to identify both molecules. The bioactivity of the PRL was assessed using a bioassay and ELISA to detect pro inflammatory cytokines.

Results

PRLr mRNA and PRL mRNA were synthesized in THP-1 monocytes activated with LPS with peaks of 300-fold and 130-fold, respectively. The long (100 kDa) and the intermediate (50 kDa) isoforms of PRLr and big PRL (60 kDa) were time-dependent upregulated for monocytes stimulated with LPS. This expression was confirmed in monocytes from healthy subjects. The PRLr intermediate isoform and the big PRL were found soluble in the culture media and later in the nucleus in THP-1 monocytes stimulated with LPS. Big PRL released by monocytes showed bioactivity in Nb2 Cells, and both PRL and PRLr, synthesized by monocytes were related with levels of nitrites and proinflammatory citokines.

Conclusions

Our results suggest the expression of a full-autocrine loop of PRL enhances the inflammatory response in activated monocytes. This response mediated by big PRL may contribute to the eradication of potential pathogens during innate immune response in monocytes but may also contribute to inflammatory disorders.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Lipopolysaccharide induces the expression of an autocrine prolactin loop enhancing inflammatory response in monocytes
Authors
Gonzalo López-Rincón
Ana L Pereira-Suárez
Susana Del Toro-Arreola
Pedro E Sánchez-Hernández
Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa
José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
Ciro Estrada-Chávez
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Inflammation / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1476-9255
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-10-24

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