Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Comparative Hepatology
Published in: Comparative Hepatology 1/2002

Open Access 01-12-2002 | Review

Structural and functional aspects of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrae: a review

Authors: Filip Braet, Eddie Wisse

Published in: Comparative Hepatology | Issue 1/2002

Login to get access

Abstract

This review provides a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge about the ultrastructure and dynamics of liver sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae. Various aspects of liver sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae regarding their structure, origin, species specificity, dynamics and formation will be explored. In addition, the role of liver sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae in relation to lipoprotein metabolism, fibrosis and cancer will be approached.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Wisse E: An electron microscopic study of the fenestrated endothelial lining of rat liver sinusoids. J Ultrastruct Res. 1970, 31: 125-150.PubMed
2.
Widmann JJ, Cotran RS, Fahimi HD: Mononuclear phagocytes (Kupffer cells) and endothelial cells in regenerating rat liver. J Cell Biol. 1972, 52: 159-170.PubMedCentralPubMed
3.
Ogawa K, Minase T, Enomoto K, Onoé T: Ultrastructure of fenestrated cells in the sinusoidal wall of rat liver after perfusion fixation. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1973, 110: 89-101.PubMed
4.
Wisse E, De Zanger RB, Charels K, Van Der Smissen P, McCuskey RS: The liver sieve: Considerations concerning the structure and function of endothelial fenestrae, the sinusoidal wall and the space of Disse. Hepatology. 1985, 5: 683-692.PubMed
5.
Wisse E, De Zanger RB, Jacobs R, McCuskey RS: Scanning electron microscope observations on the structure of portal veins, sinusoids and central veins in rat liver. Scan Electron Microsc. 1983, 3: 1441-1452.
6.
Wisse E: An ultrastructural characterization of the endothelial cell in the rat liver sinusoid under normal and various experimental conditions, as a contribution to the distinction between endothelial and Kupffer cells. J Ultrastruct Res. 1972, 38: 528-562.PubMed
7.
De Zanger R, Wisse E: The filtration effect of rat liver fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium on the passage of (remnant) chylomicrons to the space of Disse. In: Sinusoidal Liver Cells. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1982, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 69-76.
8.
Fraser R, Bosanquet AG, Day WA: Filtration of chylomicrons by the liver may influence cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1978, 29: 113-123.PubMed
9.
Wisse E, De Zanger R, Jacobs R: Lobular gradients in endothelial fenestrae and sinusoidal diameter favour centrolobular exchange processes: a scanning EM study. In: Sinusoidal Liver Cells. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1982, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 61-67.
10.
Smedsrød B, De Bleser PJ, Braet F, Lovisetti P, Vanderkerken K, Wisse E, Geerts A: Cell biology of liver endothelial and Kupffer cells. Gut. 1994, 35: 1509-1516.PubMedCentralPubMed
11.
De Leeuw AM, Brouwer A, Knook DL: Sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver: fine structure and function in relation to age. J Electron Microsc Tech. 1990, 14: 218-236.PubMed
12.
Irie S, Tavassoli M: Transendothelial transport of macromolecules: the concept of tissue-blood barriers. Cell Biol Rev. 1991, 25: 317-331.PubMed
13.
Simionescu N, Simionescu M: The cardiovascular system. In: Cell and tissue biology. Edited by: Weiss L. 1988, Munich, Urbam & Schwarzenberg GmbH, 355-400.
14.
Naito M, Wisse E: Observations on the fine structure and cytochemistry of sinusoidal cells in fetal and neonatal rat liver. In: Kupffer cells and Other Liver Sinusoidal Cells. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL. 1977, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 497-505.
15.
Bankston PW, Pino RM: The development of the sinusoids of fetal rat liver: morphology of endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and the transmural migration of blood cells into the sinusoids. Am J Anat. 1980, 159: 1-15.PubMed
16.
Barberá-Guillem E, Arrue JM, Ballesteros J, Vidal-Vanaclocha F: Structural changes in endothelial cells of developing rat liver in the transition from fetal to postnatal life. J Ultrastruct Mol Struct Res. 1986, 97: 197-206.PubMed
17.
Barberá-Guillem E, Vidal-Vanaclocha F: Sinusoidal structure of the liver. In: Liver sinusoids II. Edited by: Barberá-Guillem E. 1988, Bilbao, Cell Biology Reviews, 1-68.
18.
Macchiarelli G, Makabe S, Motta PM: Scanning electron microscopy of adult and fetal liver sinusoids. In: Sinusoids in human liver: Health and disease. Edited by: Bioulac-Sage P, Balabaud C. 1988, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 63-85.
19.
Naito M, Wisse E: Filtration effect of endothelial fenestrations on chylomicron transport in neonatal rat liver sinusoids. Cell Tiss Res. 1978, 190: 371-382.
20.
Mak KM, Lieber CS: Alterations in endothelial fenestrations in liver sinusoids of baboons fed alcohol: a scanning electronic microscopic study. Hepatology. 1984, 4: 386-391.PubMed
21.
McCuskey PA, McCuskey RS, Hinton DE: Electron microscopy of the hepatic sinusoids in rainbow trout. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 1. Edited by: Kirn A, Knook DL, Wisse E. 1986, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 489-494.
22.
Clark SA, Angus HB, Cook HB, Oxner RBG, George PM, Fraser R: Defenestration of hepatic sinusoids as a cause of hyperlipoproteinaemia in alcoholics. Lancet. 1988, 2: 1225-1227. 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90813-6.PubMed
23.
Fraser R, Heslop VR, Murray FE, Day WA: Ultrastructural studies of the portal transport of fat in chickens. Br J Exp Pathol. 1986, 67: 783-791.PubMedCentralPubMed
24.
Wright PL, Smith KF, Day WA, Fraser R: Small liver fenestrae may explain the susceptibility of rabbits to atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis. 1983, 3: 344-348.PubMed
25.
Fraser R, Clark SA, Day WA, Murray FEM: Nicotine decreases the porosity of the rat liver sieve: a possible mechanism for hypercholesterolaemia. Br J Exp Pathol. 1988, 69: 345-350.PubMedCentralPubMed
26.
Steffan AM, Gendrault JL, Kirn A: Increase in the number of fenestrae in mouse endothelial liver cells by altering the cytoskeleton with cytochalasin B. Hepatology. 1987, 7: 1230-1238.PubMed
27.
Fraser R, Day WA, Fernando NS: Atherosclerosis and the liver sieve. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 1. Edited by: Kirn A, Knook DL, Wisse E. 1986, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 317-322.
28.
Horn T, Christoffersen P, Henriksen JH: Alcoholic liver injury: defenestration in noncirrhotic livers – a scanning electron microscopic study. Hepatology. 1987, 7: 77-82.PubMed
29.
Wright PL, Smith KF, Day WA, Fraser R: Hepatic sinusoidal endothelium in sheep: an ultrastructural reinvestigation. Anat Rec. 1983, 206: 385-390.PubMed
30.
Wright PL, Clement JA, Smith KF, Day WA, Fraser R: Hepatic sinusoidal endothelium in goats. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1983, 61: 739-741.PubMed
31.
Tanuma Y, Ohata M, Ito T: An electron microscopic study of the kitten liver with special reference to fat-storing cells. Arch Histol Jpn. 1981, 46: 401-426.
32.
Fraser R, Dobbs BR, Rogers GWT: Lipoproteins and the liver sieve: the role of the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium in lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis, and cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1995, 21: 863-874.PubMed
33.
Frenzel H, Kremer B, Hucker H: The liver sinusoids under various pathological conditions. A TEM and SEM study of rat liver after respiratory hypoxia, telecobalt-irradiation and endotoxin application. In: Kupffer and other liver sinusoidal cells. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL. 1977, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 213-222.
34.
Dobbs BR, Rogers GWT, Xing HY, Fraser R: Endotoxin-induced defenestration of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium: a factor in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis?. Liver. 1994, 14: 230-233.PubMed
35.
Steffan AM, Pereira CA, Bingen A, Valle M, Martin JP, Koehren F, Royer C, Gendrault JL, Kirn A: Mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection provokes a decrease in the number of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae both in vivo and in vitro. Hepatology. 1995, 22: 395-401.PubMed
36.
Mori T, Okanoue T, Sawa Y, Hori N, Ohta M, Kagawa K: Defenestration of the sinusoidal endothelial cell in a rat model of cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1993, 17: 891-897.PubMed
37.
Fraser R, Bowler LM, Wisse E: Agents related to fibrosis, such as alcohol and carbon tetrachloride, acutely effect endothelial fenestrae which cause fatty liver. In: Connective Tissue of the Normal and Fibrotic Human Liver. Edited by: Gerlach V, Pott J, Rauterberg J, Vob B. 1982, Stuttgart, Thierne G verlag, 159-160.
38.
Vidal-Vanaclocha F, Alonso-Varona A, Ayala R, Barberá-Guillem E: Functional variations in liver tissue during the implantation process of metastatic tumour cells. Virchows Archiv A Pathol Anat. Histopathol. 1990, 416: 189-195.
39.
Rogers GWT, Dobbs BR, Fraser R: Decreased hepatic uptake of cholesterol and retinol in the dimethylnitrosamine rat model of cirrhosis. Liver. 1992, 12: 326-329.PubMed
40.
Oda M, Kazemoto S, Kaneko H, Yokomori H, Ishii K, Tsukada N, Watanabe N, Suematsu M, Tsuchiya M: Involvement of Ca++-calmodulin-actomyosin system in the contractility of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 4. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1993, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 174-178.
41.
Nopanitaya W, Lamb JC, Grisham JW, Carson JL: Effect of hepatic venous outflow obstruction on pores and fenestration in sinusoidal endothelium. Br J Exp Pathol. 1976, 57: 604-609.PubMedCentralPubMed
42.
Braet F, De Zanger R, Kalle WHJ, Raap AK, Tanke HJ, Wisse E: Comparative scanning, transmission and atomic force microscopy of the microtubular cytoskeleton in fenestrated endothelial cells. Scanning Microscopy. 1996, 10: 225-236.PubMed
43.
Oda M, Nakamura M, Watanabe N, Ohya Y, Sekuzuka E, Tsukada N, Yonei Y, Komatsu H, Nagata H, Tsuchiya M: Some dynamic aspects of the hepatic microcirculation – demonstration of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae as a possible regulatory factor-. In: Intravital Observation of Organ Microcirculation. Edited by: Tsuchiya M, Wayland H, Oda M, Okazaki I. 1983, Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica, 105-138.
44.
Tsukada N, Oda M, Yonei Y, Honda K, Akaiwa Y, Kiryu Y, Tsuchiya M: Alterations of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae in response to vasoactive substances in the rat liver -in vivo and in vitro studies-. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 1. Edited by: Kirn A, Knook DL, Wisse E. 1986, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 515-516.
45.
Oda M, Azuma T, Watamabe N, Nishizaku Y, Nishida Y, Ischii K, Suzuki H, Kaneko H, Komatsu H, Tsukada N, Tsuchiya M: Regulatory mechanism of hepatic microcirculation: Involvement of the contraction and dilatation of sinusoids and sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae. In: Gastrointestinal Microcirculation – Prog Appl Microcirc. Edited by: Messemer K, Hammersen F. 1990, Basel, Karger, 103-128.
46.
Oda M, Tsukada N, Watanabe N, Tsuchiya M: Heterogeneity of hepatic lobule – some ultrastructural aspects of hepatic microcirculation system -. J Clin Electron Microscopy. 1983, 16: 5-6.
47.
McCuskey RS, Eguchi H, Nishida J, Krasovich MA, McDonell D, Jolley CS, Abril ER, Earnest DL, Watson RR: Effects of ethanol and cocaine alone or in combination on the hepatic sinsusoids of mice and rats. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 4. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1993, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 376-380.
48.
McGuire RF, Bissell DM, Boyles J, Roll FJ: Role of extracellular matrix in regulating fenestrations of sinusoidal endothelial cells isolated from normal rat liver. Hepatology. 1992, 15: 989-997.PubMed
49.
Steffan AM, Gendrault JL, Kirn A: Phagocytosis and surface modulation of fenestrated areas – two properties of murine endothelial liver cell (EC) involving microfilaments. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 1. Edited by: Kirn A, Knook DL, Wisse E. 1986, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 483-488.
50.
Tsukada N, Oda M, Yonei Y, Komatsu H, Kaneko K, Honda K, Akaiwa Y, Mizuno Y, Fujiwara T, Tsuchiya M: Ultrastructural alterations in the hepatic sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae by dysfunction of actin filaments. In: Electron Microscopy 1986 – 3. Edited by: Imura T, Maruse S, Suzuki T. 1986, Tokyo, Japanese Society of Electron Microscopy, 2915-1916.
51.
Van Der Smissen P, Van Bossuyt H, Charels K, Wisse E: The structure and function of the cytoskeleton in sinusoidal endothelial cells in the rat liver. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 1. Edited by: Kirn A, Knook DL, Wisse E. 1986, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 517-522.
52.
Bingen A, Gendrault JL, Kirn A: Cryofracture study of fenestrae formation in mouse liver endothelial cells treated with cytochalasin B. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 2. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, Decker K. 1989, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 466-470.
53.
Braet F, De Zanger R, Baekeland M, Crabbé E, Van Der Smissen P, Wisse E: Structure and dynamics of the fenestrae-associated cytoskeleton of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Hepatology. 1995, 21: 180-189.PubMed
54.
Braet F, Kalle WHJ, De Zanger RB, de Grooth BG, Raap AK, Tanke HJ, Wisse E: Comparative atomic force and scanning electron microscopy; an investigation on fenestrated endothelial cells in vitro. J Microsc. 1996, 181: 10-17.PubMed
55.
Braet F, De Zanger R, Jans D, Spector I, Wisse E: Microfilament-disrupting agent latrunculin A induces an increased number of fenestrae in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells: comparison with cytochalasin B. Hepatology. 1996, 24: 627-635.PubMed
56.
Kalle WHJ, Braet F, Raap AK, de Grooth BG, Tanke H, Wisse E: Imaging of the membrane surface of sinusoidal rat liver endothelial cells by atomic force microscopy. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 6. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, Balabaud C. 1997, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 94-96.
57.
Ogawa H: Scanning electron microscopy of rat liver hyperplastic nodules induced by diethylnitrosamine. Scanning Microscopy. 1982, 4: 1793-1798.
58.
Ogawa H, Itoshima T, Ito T, Kiyotoshi S, Kawaguchi K, Kitadai M, Hattori S, Mizutani S, Ukida M, Tobe K, Nagashima H, Kobayashi T: Absence of Kupffer cells in carcinogen induced liver hyperplastic nodules: demonstration by intravenous injection of indian ink. Acta Med Okayama. 1983, 37: 79-84.PubMed
59.
Ogawa H, Itoshima T, Ukida M, Ito T, Kiyotoshi S, Kitadai M, Hattori S, Mizutani S, Kita K, Tanaka R: Scanning electron microscopy of experimentally induced sequential alterations of rat liver hyperplastic nodules. Scanning Microscopy. 1984, 1: 369-374.
60.
Fraser R, Rogers GWT, Bowler LM, Day WA, Dobbs BR, Baxter JN: Defenestration and vitamin A status in a rat model of cirrhosis. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 3. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, McCuskey RS. 1991, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 195-198.
61.
Tamba-Lebbie B, Rogers GWT, Dobbs BR, Fraser R: Defenestration of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium in the dimethylnitrosamine fed rat: is this process reversible?. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 4. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1993, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 179-181.
62.
Fraser R, Rogers GWT, Sutton LE, Dobbs BR: Single dose models of defenestration: tools to explore mechanisms, modulation and measurement of hepatic sinusoidal porosity. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 5. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, Wake K. 1995, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 263-266.
63.
Oda M, Kamegaya Y, Yokomori H, Han JY, Akiba Y, Nakamura M, Ishii H, Tsuchiya M: Roles of plasma membrane Ca++ – ATPase in the relaxation and contraction of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae – effects of prostaglandin E1 and endothelin 1. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 6. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, Balabaud C. 1997, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 313-317.
64.
Barshtein IA, Persidskii IV, Grutman MI: Ultrastructural changes in the histohematic barrier of the liver in the early period after endotoxin administration. Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1989, 108: 365-369.PubMed
65.
Sasaoki T, Braet F, De Zanger R, Wisse E, Arii S: The effect of endotoxin on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 5. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, Wake K. 1995, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 366-367.
66.
Sarphie TG, D'Souza NB, Deaciuc IV: Kupffer cell inactivation prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced structural changes in the rat liver sinusoid: an electron-microscopic study. Hepatology. 1996, 23: 788-796.PubMed
67.
Charels K, De Zanger R, Van Bossuyt H, Van Der Smissen P, Wisse E: Influence of acute alcohol administration on endothelial fenestrae of rat livers: An in vivo and in vitro scanning electron microscopic study. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 1. Edited by: Kirn A, Knook DL, Wisse E. 1986, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 497-502.
68.
Mori T, Okanoue T, Sawa Y, Itoh Y, Kanaoka H, Hori N, Enjyo F, Nakagawa Y, Kagawa K, Kashima K: Effect of ethanol on the sinusoidal endothelial fenestrations of rat liver – in vivo an in vitro study. Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 3. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, McCuskey RS. 1991, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 469-471.
69.
Braet F, De Zanger R, Sasaoki T, Baekeland M, Janssens P, Smedsrød B, Wisse E: Assessment of a method of isolation, purification and cultivation of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Lab Invest. 1994, 70: 944-952.PubMed
70.
Fraser R, Bowler LM, Day WA: Damage of rat liver sinusoidal endothelium by ethanol. Pathology. 1980, 12: 371-376.PubMed
71.
Kanaoka H, Okanoue T, Ohta M, Kachi K, Sawa Y, Ou O, Kagawa K, Yuki T, Okuno T, Takino T: Scanning electron microscopy of endothelial fenestration in liver sinusoids of rats fed ethanol. In: Electron Microscopy 1986 – 3. Edited by: Imura T, Maruse S, Suzuki T. 1986, Tokyo, Japanese Society of Electron Microscopy, 2919-1920.
72.
Madarame T, Nagaoka T, Inomata M, Kaneta H, Yoshida T, Suzuki K, Sato S, Kanno S, Satodate R: Relationship between endothelial structure and capillarization in fatty liver. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 4. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1993, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 191-192.
73.
Madarame T, Suzuki K, Sato S, Sakuma T, Satodate R: Relationship between morphological changes in endothelial cells and the number of Kupffer cells in human fatty liver. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 5. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, Wake K. 1995, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 272-274.
74.
Morsiani E, Mazzoni M, Aleotti A, Gorini P, Ricci D: Increased sinusoidal wall permeability and liver fatty change after two-thirds hepatectomy: an ultrastructural study in the rat. Hepatology. 1995, 21: 539-544.PubMed
75.
Steffan AM, Pereira CA, Kirn A: Role of sinusoidal cells in the course of the hepatitis induced by mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV 3) in mice. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 1. Edited by: Kirn A, Knook DL, Wisse E. 1986, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 375-376.
76.
Braet F, De Zanger R, Spector I, Wisse E: Fenestrae-forming center (FFC): A novel structure involved in the formation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrae. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 7. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, De Zanger R, Fraser R. 1999, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 144-146.
77.
Shakado S, Sakisaka S, Noguchi K, Yoshitake M, Harada M, Mimura Y, Sata M, Tanikawa K: Effects of extracellular matrices on tube formation of cultured rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Hepatology. 1995, 22: 969-973.PubMed
78.
Braet F, De Zanger R, Spector I, Wisse E: The actin disrupting marine toxin latrunculin A induces an increased number of fenestrae in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 6. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, Balabaud C. 1997, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 82-84.
79.
Braet F, Spector I, De Zanger R, Wisse E: A novel structure involved in the formation of liver endothelial cell fenestrae revealed by using the actin inhibitor misakinolide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998, 95: 13635-13640. 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13635.PubMedCentralPubMed
80.
Wisse E, Van Dierendonck JH, De Zanger RB, Fraser R, McCuskey RS: On the role of the liver endothelial filter in the transport of particulate fat (chylomicrons and their remnants) to parenchymal cells and the influence of certain hormones on the endothelial fenestrae. In: Communications of Liver Cells. Edited by: Popper H, Gudat F, Bianchi L, Reutter W. 1980, Basel, MTP Press, 195-200.
81.
Fraser R, Clark SA, Bowler LM, Day WA: Pantethine inhibits diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia by dilating the liver sieve. N Z Med J. 1988, 101: 86-87.
82.
Fraser R, Clark SA, Bowler LM, Murray FEM, Wakasugi J, Ishihara M, Tomikawa M: The opposite effects of nicotine and pantethine on the porosity of the liver sieve and lipoprotein metabolism. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 2. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, Decker K. 1989, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 335-338.
83.
Arias IM: The biology of hepatic endothelial cell fenestrae. In: Progress in Liver Diseases IX. Edited by: Schaffer F, Popper H. 1990, Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 11-26.
84.
De Zanger R, Braet F, Arnez Camacho MR, Wisse E: Prolongation of hepatic endothelial cell cultures by phorbol myristate acetate. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 6. Edited by: Wisse E, Knook DL, Balabaud C. 1997, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 97-101.
85.
Fraser R, Bowler LM, Day WA, Dobbs B, Johnson HD, Lee D: High perfusion pressure damages the sieving ability of sinusoidal endothelium in rat livers. Br J Exp Pathol. 1980, 61: 222-228.PubMedCentralPubMed
86.
Yokomori H, Oda M, Kamegaya Y, Ogi M, Yokono H, Han JY, Akiba Y, Nakamura M, Tsukada N, Ishii H: Functional significance of plasma membrane Ca++-ATPase of hepatic sinusoidal endothelium in the control of sinusoidal blood flow – dynamic, electron cytochemical and microfluometric analysis. Hepatology. 1996, 24: 130-
87.
Rice J, Gatmaitan Z, Mikkelson R, Arias IM: On the structure and function of the fenestrae of hepatic endothelial cells. Hepatology. 1985, 5: 1049-
88.
Brauneis U, Gatmaitan Z, Arias IM: Serotonin stimulates a Ca2+ permeant nonspecific cation channel in hepatic endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992, 186: 1560-1566.PubMed
89.
Gatmaitan Z, Arias IM: Hepatic endothelial cell fenestrae. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 4. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1993, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 3-7.
90.
Gatmaitan Z, Varticovski L, Ling L, Mikkelsen R, Steffan AM, Arias IM: Studies on fenestral contraction in rat liver endothelial cells in culture. Am J Pathol. 1996, 148: 2027-2041.PubMedCentralPubMed
91.
Mori T, Okanoue T, Sawa Y, Hori N, Kanaoka H, Itoh Y, Enjyo F, Ohta M, Kagawa K, Kashima K: The change of sinusoidal endothelial cells in experimental liver cirrhosis – in vivo and in vitro study-. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 4. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1993, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 280-282.
92.
Barberá-Guillem E, Vidal-Vanaclocha F: Concomitant variation of the fenestration pattern in endothelial cells of livers sinusoids colonized by malignant tumor cells. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 1. Edited by: Kirn A, Knook DL, Wisse E. 1986, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 495-496.
93.
Madarame T, Masuda T, Suzuki A, Satodate R, Suzuki K, Sato S: Ultrastructural features of the vascular channel of human and experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 1. Edited by: Kirn A, Knook DL, Wisse E. 1986, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 399-404.
94.
Tabarin A, Bioulic-Sage P, Boussarie L, Balabaud C, de Mascarel A, Grimaud JA: Hepatocellular carcinoma developed on noncirrhotic livers. Sinusoids in hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1987, 111: 174-180.PubMed
95.
Ichida T, Hata K, Yamada S, Hatano T, Miyagiwa M, Miyabayashi C, Matsui S, Wisse E: Subcellular abnormalities of liver sinusoidal lesions in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Submicrosc Cyto Pathol. 1990, 22: 221-229.
96.
Nagura T, Shiratori Y, Fukushi Y, Kiriyama H, Hai K, Takada H, Matsumoto K, Kamii K, Migita T: Morphological changes of hepatic sinusoidal cells during metastasis of colon carcinoma. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 4. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1993, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 530-533.
97.
Torimura T, Ueno T, Inuzuka S, Ohira H, Sakamoto M, Sata M, Tanikawa K: Sinusoids in hepatocellular carcinoma – immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observation. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 4. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1993, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 541-543.
98.
Persidsky YU, Frolov A, Barshtein YU: Tumor necrosis factor action on the various types of mouse liver cell in vivo. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 4. Edited by: Knook DL, Wisse E. 1993, Leiden, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 82-84.
99.
Oda M, Tsukada N, Watanabe N, Komatso H, Yonei Y, Tsuchiya M: Functional implications of the sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae in the regulation of the hepatic microcirculation. Hepatology. 1984, 4: 754-
100.
Arias IM, Peleg Y, Gatmaitan Z, Adelstein RA: The mechanism whereby serotonin produces fenestral contraction in rat hepatic endothelial cells. Hepatology. 1987, 7: 1026-
101.
Oda M, Tsukada N, Komatsu H, Yonei Y, Honda K, Tsuchiya M: Mechanism of contraction and dilatation of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae in the liver. Hepatology. 1986, 6: 771-
102.
Oda M, Tsukada N, Komatsu H, Kaneko K, Nakamura M, Tsuchiya M: Electron microscopic localizations of actin, calmodulin and calcium in the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium in the rat. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid 1. Edited by: Kirn A, Knook DL, Wisse E. 1986, Rijswijk, Kupffer Cell Foundation, 511-512.
103.
Oda M, Watanabe N, Azuma T, Komatsu H, Kaneko K, Tsukada N, Tsuchiya M: Dynamic evidence for contraction and dilatation of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae by AVEC-DIC microscopy. Hepatology. 1988, 8: 1434-
104.
Gatmaitan Z, Arias IM: From blood to bile and back: New perspectives. In: Progress in Applied Microcirculation 19. Edited by: Messmer K, Menger MD. 1993, Basel, Karger, 1-14.
105.
Steffan AM, Gendrault JL, McCuskey RS, McCuskey PA, Kirn A: Phagocytosis, an unrecognized property of murine endothelial liver cells. Hepatology. 1986, 6: 830-836.PubMed
106.
Taira K: Trabecular meshworks in the sinusoidal endothelial cells of the golden hamster liver: a freeze-fracture study. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol. 1994, 26: 271-277.PubMed
107.
Braet F, Spector I, Shochet NR, Crews P, Higa T, Menu E, De Zanger R, Wisse E: The new anti-actin agent dihydrohalichondramide reveals fenestrae-forming centers in hepatic endothelial cells. BMC Cell Biology. 2002, 3: 7-10.1186/1471-2121-3-7.PubMedCentralPubMed
108.
Fraser R, Day WA, Fernando NS: The liver sinusoidal cells, their role in disorders of the liver, lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis. Pathology. 1986, 18: 5-11.PubMed
109.
Karpe F, Hamsten A: Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1995, 6: 123-129.PubMed
110.
Turley SD, Dietschy JM: The metabolism and excretion of cholesterol by the liver. In: The liver: Biology and Pathobiology. Edited by: Arias IM, Jakoby WB, Popper H, Schachter D, Shafritz DA. 1988, New York, Raven Press, 617-639. Second
111.
Glaumann H, Bergstrand A, Ericsson JLE: Studies on the synthesis and intracellular transport of lipoprotein particles in rat liver. J Cell Biol. 1975, 64: 356-377.PubMed
112.
Fraser R, Day WA, Wright PL: Fatty liver and the sinusoidal cells. In: Festschrift for F.C. Courtice. Edited by: Garlick D. 1981, Sydney, University of New South Wales Press, 139-144.
113.
Anchony PP, Ishak KG, Nayak NC, Poulsen HE, Scheuer PJ, Sobin LH: The morphology of cirrhosis. J Clin Pathol. 1978, 31: 395-414.
114.
Ishak KG, Zimmerman HJ, Ray MB: Alcoholic liver disease: pathologic, pathogenetic and clinical aspects. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1991, 15: 45-66.PubMed
115.
Martinez-Hernandez A, Martinez J: The role of capillarization in hepatic failure: studies in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1991, 14: 864-874.PubMed
116.
Bhunchet E, Fujieda K: Capillarization and venularization of hepatic sinusoids in porcine serum-induced rat liver fibrosis: a mechanism to maintain liver blood flow. Hepatology. 1993, 18: 1450-1458.PubMed
117.
Le Bail B, Bioulac-Sage P, Senuita R, Quinton A, Saric J, Balabaud C: Fine structure of hepatic sinusoids and sinusoidal cells in disease. J Electron Microsc Tech. 1990, 14: 257-282.PubMed
118.
De Vet HC: The puzzling role of vitamin A in cancer prevention. Anticancer Res. 1989, 9: 145-151.PubMed
119.
Lupulescu A: The role of vitamins A, beta-carotene, E and C in cancer cell biology. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1994, 64: 3-14.PubMed
120.
Romero EL, Morilla MJ, Regts J, Koning GA, Scherphof GL: On the mechanism of hepatic transendothelial passage of large liposomes. FEBS Lett. 1999, 448: 193-196. 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00364-6.PubMed
121.
Popescu D, Movileanu L, Ion S, Flonta ML: Hydrodynamic effects on the solute transport across endothelial pores and hepatocyte membranes. Phys Med Biol. 2000, 45: N157-N165. 10.1088/0031-9155/45/11/404.PubMed
122.
Wack KE, Ross MA, Zegarra V, Sysko LR, Watkins SC, Stolz DB: Sinusoidal ultrastructure evaluated during the revascularization of regenerating rat liver. Hepatology. 2001, 33: 363-378. 10.1053/jhep.2001.21998.PubMed
123.
Funyu J, Mochida S, Inao M, Matsui A, Fujiwara K: VEGF can act as vascular permeability factor in the hepatic sinusoids through upregulation of porosity of endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001, 280: 481-485. 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4148.PubMed
124.
Yokomori H, Oda M, Ogi M, Sakai K, Ishii H: Enhanced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and caveolin-1 in human cirrhosis. Liver. 2002, 22: 150-158. 10.1034/j.1600-0676.2002.01588.x.PubMed
125.
Couteur DG, Fraser R, Cogger VC, McLean AJ: Hepatic pseudocapillarisation and atherosclerosis in ageing. Lancet. 2002, 359: 1612-1615. 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08524-0.PubMed
126.
Fraser R: The liver in health, and disease. New Zeal Pharmacy. 2002, 22: 36-40.
Metadata
Title
Structural and functional aspects of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrae: a review
Authors
Filip Braet
Eddie Wisse
Publication date
01-12-2002
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Comparative Hepatology / Issue 1/2002
Electronic ISSN: 1476-5926
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-5926-1-1
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits