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Nutrition Journal
Published in: Nutrition Journal 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Review

Gut microbiota, probiotics and diabetes

Authors: Aline Corado Gomes, Allain Amador Bueno, Rávila Graziany Machado de Souza, João Felipe Mota

Published in: Nutrition Journal | Issue 1/2014

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Abstract

Diabetes is a condition of multifactorial origin, involving several molecular mechanisms related to the intestinal microbiota for its development. In type 2 diabetes, receptor activation and recognition by microorganisms from the intestinal lumen may trigger inflammatory responses, inducing the phosphorylation of serine residues in insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing insulin sensitivity. In type 1 diabetes, the lowered expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium favours a greater immune response that may result in destruction of pancreatic β cells by CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and increased expression of interleukin-17, related to autoimmunity. Research in animal models and humans has hypothesized whether the administration of probiotics may improve the prognosis of diabetes through modulation of gut microbiota. We have shown in this review that a large body of evidence suggests probiotics reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as well as increase the expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium, reducing intestinal permeability. Such effects increase insulin sensitivity and reduce autoimmune response. However, further investigations are required to clarify whether the administration of probiotics can be efficiently used for the prevention and management of diabetes.
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Metadata
Title
Gut microbiota, probiotics and diabetes
Authors
Aline Corado Gomes
Allain Amador Bueno
Rávila Graziany Machado de Souza
João Felipe Mota
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Nutrition Journal / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2891
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-60

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