Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Physiology
Published in: BMC Physiology 1/2008

Open Access 01-12-2008 | Research article

Exercise training improves relaxation response and SOD-1 expression in aortic and mesenteric rings from high caloric diet-fed rats

Authors: Camila de Moraes, Ana Paula Couto Davel, Luciana Venturini Rossoni, Edson Antunes, Angelina Zanesco

Published in: BMC Physiology | Issue 1/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Obesity has been associated with a variety of disease such as type II diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. Evidences have shown that exercise training promotes beneficial effects on these disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether physical preconditioning prevents the deleterious effect of high caloric diet in vascular reactivity of rat aortic and mesenteric rings.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SD); trained (TR); sedentary diet (SDD) and trained diet (TRD) groups. Run training (RT) was performed in sessions of 60 min, 5 days/week for 12 weeks (70–80% VO2max). Triglycerides, glucose, insulin and nitrite/nitrate concentrations (NOx-) were measured. Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were obtained. Expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) was assessed by Western blotting.

Results

High caloric diet increased triglycerides concentration (SDD: 216 ± 25 mg/dl) and exercise training restored to the baseline value (TRD: 89 ± 9 mg/dl). Physical preconditioning significantly reduced insulin levels in both groups (TR: 0.54 ± 0.1 and TRD: 1.24 ± 0.3 ng/ml) as compared to sedentary animals (SD: 0.87 ± 0.1 and SDD: 2.57 ± 0.3 ng/ml). On the other hand, glucose concentration was slightly increased by high caloric diet, and RT did not modify this parameter (SD: 126 ± 6; TR: 140 ± 8; SDD: 156 ± 8 and TRD 153 ± 9 mg/dl). Neither high caloric diet nor RT modified NOx- levels (SD: 27 ± 4; TR: 28 ± 6; SDD: 27 ± 3 and TRD: 30 ± 2 μM). Functional assays showed that high caloric diet impaired the relaxing response to ACh in mesenteric (about 13%), but not in aortic rings. RT improved the relaxing responses to ACh either in aortic (28%, for TR and 16%, to TRD groups) or mesenteric rings (10%, for TR and 17%, to TRD groups) that was accompanied by up-regulation of SOD-1 expression and reduction in triglycerides levels.

Conclusion

The improvement in endothelial function by physical preconditioning in mesenteric and aortic arteries from high caloric fed-rats was directly related to an increase in NO bioavailability to the smooth muscle mostly due to SOD-1 up regulation.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Hall JE: Pathophysiology of obesity hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2000, 2 (2): 139-147. 10.1007/s11906-000-0073-4.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Barter PJ, Rye KA: High density lipoproteins and coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis. 1996, 121 (1): 1-12. 10.1016/0021-9150(95)05675-0.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Diaz MN, Frei B, Vita JA, Keaney JF: Antioxidants and atherosclerotic heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1997, 337 (6): 408-416. 10.1056/NEJM199708073370607.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Rush JW, Denniss SG, Graham DA: Vascular nitric oxide and oxidative stress: determinants of endothelial adaptations to cardiovascular disease and to physical activity. Can J Appl Physiol. 2005, 30 (4): 442-474.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Luz PL, Favarato D, Laurindo FRM: Oxidative theory of atherosclerosis: why did large trials not show benefits?. Int J Atheroscler. 2006, 1 (2): 124-136.
6.
Naderali EK, Brown MJ, Pickavance LC, Wilding JPH, Doyle PJ, Williams G: Dietary obesity in the rat induces endothelial dysfunction without cause insulin resistance: a possible role for triacylglycerols. Clin Sci. 2001, 101 (5): 499-506. 10.1042/CS20010088.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Naderali EK, Fatani S, Williams G: Chronic withdrawal of a high-palatable obesity-inducing diet completely reverses metabolic and vascular abnormalities associated with dietary-obesity in the rat. Atherosclerosis. 2004, 172 (1): 63-69. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.09.021.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Woodman CR, Thompson MA, Turk JR, Laughlin MH: Endurance exercise training improves endothelium-dependent relaxation in brachial arteries from hypercholesterolemic male pigs. J Appl Physiol. 2005, 99 (4): 1412-1421. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00293.2005.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Turk JR, Henderson KK, Vanvickle GD, Watkins J, Laughlin MH: Arterial endothelial function in a porcine model of early stage atherosclerotic vascular disease. Int J Exp Pathol. 2005, 86 (5): 335-345. 10.1111/j.0959-9673.2005.00446.x.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
10.
Halverstadt A, Phares DA, Wilund KR, Goldberg AP, Hagberg JM: Endurance exercise training raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lowers small low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein independent of body fat phenotypes in older men and women. Metabolism. 2007, 56 (4): 444-450. 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.10.019.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Delp MD, McAllister RM, Laughlin MH: Exercise training alters endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity of rat abdominal aorta. J Appl Physiol. 1993, 75 (3): 1354-1363.PubMed
12.
Sessa WC, Pritchard K, Seyedi N, Wang J, Hintze TH: Chronic exercise in dogs increases coronary vascular nitric oxide production and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Circ Res. 1994, 74 (2): 349-353.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Shen W, Lundborg M, Wang J, Stewart JM, Xu X, Ochoa M, Hintze TH: Role of EDRF in the regulation of regional blood flow and vascular resistance at rest and during exercise in conscious dogs. J Appl Physiol. 1994, 77 (1): 165-172.PubMed
14.
Woodman CR, Muller JM, Laughlin MH, Price EM: Induction of nitric oxide synthase mRNA in coronary resistance arteries isolated from exercise-trained pigs. Am J Physiol. 1997, 273 (6): H2575-2579.PubMed
15.
Kingwell BA: Nitric oxide-mediated metabolic regulation during exercise: effects of training in health and cardiovascular disease. FASEB J. 2000, 14 (12): 1685-1696. 10.1096/fj.99-0896rev.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Maeda S, Miyauch T, Kakiyama T, Sugawara J, Iemitsu M, Irukayama-Tomobe Y, Murakami H, Kumagai Y, Kuno S, Matsuda M: Effects of exercise training of 8 weeks and detraininig on plasma levels of endothelium-derived factors, endothelin-1 and nitric oxide, in healthy young humans. Life Sci. 2001, 69 (9): 1005-1016. 10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01192-4.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Maiorana A, O'Driscoll G, Taylor R, Green D: Exercise and the nitric oxide vasodilator system. Sports Med. 2003, 33 (14): 1013-1035. 10.2165/00007256-200333140-00001.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Dobrian AD, Davies MJ, Prewitt RL, Lauterio TJ: Development of hypertension in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Hypertension. 2000, 35 (4): 1009-1015.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Herbert V, Lau KS, Gottlieb CW, Bleicher SJ: Coated charcoal immunoassay of insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1965, 25 (10): 1375-1384.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC: Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985, 28 (7): 412-419. 10.1007/BF00280883.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Bradford MM: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976, 7 (72): 248-254. 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3.CrossRef
22.
Tschöp M, Heiman ML: Rodent obesity models: an overview. Exp Clin Endocrinol & Diabetes. 2001, 109 (6): 307-319. 10.1055/s-2001-17297.CrossRef
23.
Naderali EK, Williams G: Prolonged endothelial-dependent and -independent arterial dysfunction induced in the rat by short-term feeding with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Atherosclerosis. 2003, 166 (2): 253-259. 10.1016/S0021-9150(02)00367-2.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Kougias P, Chai H, Lin PH, Yao Q, Lumsden AB, Chen C: Effects of adipocyte-derived cytokines on endothelial functions: implication ofvascular disease. J Surg Res. 2005, 126 (1): 121-129. 10.1016/j.jss.2004.12.023.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Galili O, Versari D, Sattler KJ, Olson ML, Mannheim D, McConnell JP, Chade AR, Lerman LO, Lerman A: Early experimental obesity is associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007, 292 (2): H904-911. 10.1152/ajpheart.00628.2006.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Fortuño A, San José G, Moreno MU, Díez J, Zalba G: Oxidative stress and vascular remodeling. Exp Physiol. 2005, 90 (4): 457-462. 10.1113/expphysiol.2005.030098.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Oscai LB, Essig DA, Palmer WK: Lipase regulation of muscle triglyceride hydrolysis. J Appl Physiol. 1990, 69 (5): 1571-1577.PubMed
28.
Hennig B, Toborek M, McClain CJ: High-energy diets, fatty acids and endothelial cell function: implications for atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001, 20 (2 suppl): 97-105.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Barnard RJ, Roberts CK, Varon SM, Berger JJ: Diet-induced insulin resistance precedes other aspects of the metabolic syndrome. J Appl Physiol. 1998, 84 (4): 1311-1315.PubMed
30.
Straczkowski M, Kowalska I, Dzienis-Straczkowska S, Kinalski M, Górski J, Kinalska I: The effect of exercise training on glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle triacylglycerol content in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Diabetes Metab. 2001, 27 (1): 19-23.PubMed
31.
Krebs M, Roden M: Molecular mechanisms of lipid-induced insulin resistance in muscle, liver and vasculature. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2005, 7 (6): 621-632. 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00439.x.CrossRefPubMed
32.
López IP, Marti A, Milagro FI, Zulet Md Mde L, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martinez JA, De Miguel C: DNA microarray analysis of genes differentially expressed in diet-induced (cafeteria) obese rats. Obes Res. 2003, 11 (2): 188-194. 10.1038/oby.2003.30.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Estadella D, Oyama LM, Dâmaso AR, Ribeiro EB, Oller Do Nascimento CM: Effect of palatable hyperlipidic diet on lipid metabolism of sedentary and exercised rats. Nutrition. 2004, 20 (2): 218-224. 10.1016/j.nut.2003.10.008.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Higashi Y, Yoshizumi M: Exercise and endothelial function: role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and oxidative stress in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients. Pharmacol Ther. 2004, 102 (1): 87-96. 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.02.003.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zanesco A, Antunes E: Effects of exercise training on the cardiovascular system: Pharmacological approaches. Pharmacol Ther. 2007, 114 (3): 307-317. 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.03.010.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Droge W: Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev. 2002, 82 (1): 47-95.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Dimmeler S, Fleming I, Fisslthalter B, Hermann C, Busse R, Zeiher AM: Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Nature. 1999, 399 (6736): 601-605. 10.1038/21224.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Davis KL, Martin E, Turko IV, Murad F: Novel effects of nitric oxide. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001, 41: 203-236. 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.203.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Davis ME, Cai H, McCann L, Fukai T, Harrison DG: Role of c-Src in regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression during exercise training. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003, 284 (4): H1449-1453.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Inoue N, Ramasamy S, Fukai T, Nerem RM, Harrison DG: Shear stress modulates expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in human aortic endothelial cells. Circ Res. 1996, 79 (1): 32-37.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Fukai T, Folz RJ, Landmesser U, Harrison DG: Extracellular superoxide dismutase and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res. 2002, 55 (2): 239-249. 10.1016/S0008-6363(02)00328-0.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Rush JW, Turk JR, Laughlin MH: Exercise training regulates SOD-1 and oxidative stress in porcine aortic endothelium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003, 284 (4): H1378-1387.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Thompson MA, Henderson KK, Woodman CR, Turk JR, Rush JW, Price E, Laughlin MH: Exercise preserves endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary arteries of hypercholesterolemic male pigs. J Appl Physiol. 2004, 96 (3): 1114-1126. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00768.2003.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Oltman CL, Parker JL, Adams HR, Laughlin MH: Effects of exercise training on vasomotor reactivity of porcine coronary arteries. Am J Physiol. 1992, 263 (2 Pt 2): H372-382.PubMed
45.
McAllister RM, Kimani JK, Webster JL, Parker JL, Laughlin MH: Effects of exercise training on responses of peripheral and visceral arteries in swine. J Appl Physiol. 1996, 80 (1): 216-225. 10.1063/1.362807.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Jasperse JL, Laughlin MH: Vasomotor responses of soleus feed arteries from sedentary and exercise-trained rats. J Appl Physiol. 1999, 86 (2): 441-449.PubMed
47.
Henderson KK, Turk JR, Rush JW, Laughlin MH: Endothelial function in coronary arterioles from pigs with early-stage coronary disease induced by high-fat, high-cholesterol diet: effect of exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2004, 97 (3): 1159-1168. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00261.2004.CrossRefPubMed
48.
De Moraes C, Camargo EA, Antunes E, De Nucci G, Zanesco A: Reactivity of mesenteric and aortic rings from trained rats feed with high caloric diet. Comp Biochem Physiol A. 2007, 147 (3): 788-792. 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.10.018.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Exercise training improves relaxation response and SOD-1 expression in aortic and mesenteric rings from high caloric diet-fed rats
Authors
Camila de Moraes
Ana Paula Couto Davel
Luciana Venturini Rossoni
Edson Antunes
Angelina Zanesco
Publication date
01-12-2008
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Physiology / Issue 1/2008
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6793
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6793-8-12

Other articles of this Issue 1/2008

BMC Physiology 1/2008 Go to the issue

Methodology article

Why we should use simpler models if the data allow this: relevance for ANOVA designs in experimental biology

Research article

Blood pressures, heart rate and locomotor activity during salt loading and angiotensin II infusion in protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) knockout mice

Research article

Equine CTNNB1 and PECAM1 nucleotide structure and expression analyses in an experimental model of normal and pathological wound repair

Research article

Forced expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p57Kip2 in cardiomyocytes attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse heart

Research article

TRPM channels are required for rhythmicity in the ultradian defecation rhythm of C. elegans

Research article

The level of hypotension during hemorrhagic shock is a major determinant of the post-resuscitation systemic inflammatory response: an experimental study