Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2010 | Study protocol

Early incidence of occupational asthma among young bakers, pastry-makers and hairdressers: design of a retrospective cohort study

Authors: Thomas Rémen, Vincent Coevoet, Dovi-Stéphanie Acouetey, Jean-Louis Guéant, Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez, Christophe Paris, Denis Zmirou-Navier

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2010

Abstract

Background

Occupational exposures are thought to be responsible for 10-15% of new-onset asthma cases in adults, with disparities across sectors. Because most of the data are derived from registries and cross-sectional studies, little is known about incidence of occupational asthma (OA) during the first years after inception of exposure. This paper describes the design of a study that focuses on this early asthma onset period among young workers in the bakery, pastry making and hairdressing sectors in order to assess early incidence of OA in these "at risk" occupations according to exposure duration, and to identify risk factors of OA incidence.

Methods/Design

The study population is composed of subjects who graduated between 2001 and 2006 in these sectors where they experience exposure to organic or inorganic allergenic or irritant compounds (with an objective of 150 subjects by year) and 250 young workers with no specific occupational exposure. A phone interview focusing on respiratory and 'Ear-Nose-Throat' (ENT) work-related symptoms screen subjects considered as "possibly OA cases". Subjects are invited to participate in a medical visit to complete clinical and lung function investigations, including fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE_NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements, and to collect blood samples for IgE (Immunoglobulin E) measurements (total IgE and IgE for work-related and common allergens). Markers of oxidative stress and genetic polymorphisms exploration are also assessed. A random sample of 200 "non-cases" (controls) is also visited, following a nested case-control design.

Discussion

This study may allow to describ a latent period between inception of exposure and the rise of the prevalence of asthma symptoms, an information that would be useful for the prevention of OA. Such a time frame would be suited for conducting screening campaigns of this emergent asthma at a stage when occupational hygiene measures and adapted therapeutic interventions might be effective.

Trial registration

Clinical trial registration number is NCT01096537.

Available only for authorised users

Bernstein JA: Occupational asthma. 'My job is making me sick!'. Postgraduate medicine. 1992, 92 (3): 109-112.CrossRefPubMed

Bernstein I, Chan-Yeung M, Malo J, Bernstein D: Definition and classification of asthma. Asthma in the Workplace. 1993, Inc. MD. New York, 1-4.

Ameille J, Pauli G, Calastreng-Crinquand A, Vervloet D, Iwatsubo Y, Popin E, Bayeux-Dunglas MC, Kopferschmitt-Kubler MC: Reported incidence of occupational asthma in France, 1996-99: the ONAP programme. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2003, 60 (2): 136-141. 10.1136/oem.60.2.136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rosenman KD, Reilly MJ, Kalinowski DJ: A state-based surveillance system for work-related asthma. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 1997, 39 (5): 415-425.CrossRefPubMed

Brooks SM, Weiss MA, Bernstein IL: Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Persistent asthma syndrome after high level irritant exposures. Chest. 1985, 88 (3): 376-384. 10.1378/chest.88.3.376.CrossRefPubMed

List of agents causing occupational asthma. [http://www.asthme.csst.qc.ca/document/Info_Gen/AgenProf/Bernstein/BernsteinAng.htm]

Malo JL, Chan-Yeung M: Occupational asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2001, 108 (3): 317-328. 10.1067/mai.2001.116432.CrossRefPubMed

Kopferschmitt-Kubler MC, Ameille J, Popin E, Calastreng-Crinquand A, Vervloet D, Bayeux-Dunglas MC, Pauli G: Occupational asthma in France: a 1-yr report of the observatoire National de Asthmes Professionnels project. Eur Respir J. 2002, 19 (1): 84-89. 10.1183/09031936.02.00102202.CrossRefPubMed

Karjalainen A, Kurppa K, Virtanen S, Keskinen H, Nordman H: Incidence of occupational asthma by occupation and industry in Finland. American journal of industrial medicine. 2000, 37 (5): 451-458. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200005)37:5<451::AID-AJIM1>3.0.CO;2-U.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Meredith S: Reported incidence of occupational asthma in the United Kingdom, 1989-90. Journal of epidemiology and community health. 1993, 47 (6): 459-463. 10.1136/jech.47.6.459.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Toren K: Self reported rate of occupational asthma in Sweden 1990-2. Occupational and environmental medicine. 1996, 53 (11): 757-761. 10.1136/oem.53.11.757.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Bena A, D'Errico A, Mirabelli D: A system for the active surveillance of occupational bronchial asthma: the results of 2 years of activity of the PRiOR program. La Medicina del lavoro. 1999, 90 (4): 556-571.PubMed

13.

Brisman J, Jarvholm B, Lillienberg L: Exposure-response relations for self reported asthma and rhinitis in bakers. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2000, 57 (5): 335-340. 10.1136/oem.57.5.335.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Gannon PF, Burge PS: The SHIELD scheme in the West Midlands Region, United Kingdom. Midland Thoracic Society Research Group. British journal of industrial medicine. 1993, 50 (9): 791-796.PubMedPubMedCentral

15.

Leira HL, Bratt U, Slastad S: Notified cases of occupational asthma in Norway: exposure and consequences for health and income. American journal of industrial medicine. 2005, 48 (5): 359-364. 10.1002/ajim.20213.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Meyer JD, Holt DL, Cherry NM, McDonald JC: SWORD '98: surveillance of work-related and occupational respiratory disease in the UK. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England). 1999, 49 (8): 485-489.CrossRef

17.

Smith TA, Patton J: Health surveillance in milling, baking and other food manufacturing operations--five years' experience. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England). 1999, 49 (3): 147-153.CrossRef

18.

Bohadana A, Teculescu D: Asthme et rhinite d'origine professionnelle. 2000, INSERM, 95-

19.

Chan-Yeung M, Malo JL: Occupational asthma. The New England journal of medicine. 1995, 333 (2): 107-112. 10.1056/NEJM199507133330207.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Leira HL: Occupational asthma in Norway. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2008, 128 (23): 2719-2721.PubMed

21.

Albin M, Rylander L, Mikoczy Z, Lillienberg L, Dahlman Hoglund A, Brisman J, Toren K, Meding B, Kronholm Diab K, Nielsen J: Incidence of asthma in female Swedish hairdressers. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2002, 59 (2): 119-123. 10.1136/oem.59.2.119.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Ameille J: Asthme professionnel: présentation du thème: incidence, étiologies, pronostic médical et social. Arch Mal Prof. 2002, 63 (3-4): 306-307.

23.

Newman Taylor A: Asthma and Work: The Colt Lecture, delivered at the Ninth International Symposium on Inhaled Particles, Cambridge, September 2001. The Annals of occupational hygiene. 2002, 46 (7): 563-574. 10.1093/annhyg/mef079.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Cullinan P, Cook A, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Sandiford C, Tee RD, Venables KM, McDonald JC, Newman Taylor AJ: Allergen and dust exposure as determinants of work-related symptoms and sensitization in a cohort of flour-exposed workers; a case-control analysis. The Annals of occupational hygiene. 2001, 45 (2): 97-103. 10.1016/S0003-4878(00)00028-4.PubMed

25.

Cullinan P, Harris JM, Newman Taylor AJ, Hole AM, Jones M, Barnes F, Jolliffe G: An outbreak of asthma in a modern detergent factory. Lancet. 2000, 356 (9245): 1899-1900. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03264-5.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Gautrin D, Infante-Rivard C, Ghezzo H, Malo JL: Incidence and host determinants of probable occupational asthma in apprentices exposed to laboratory animals. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2001, 163 (4): 899-904.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Merget R, Kulzer R, Dierkes-Globisch A, Breitstadt R, Gebler A, Kniffka A, Artelt S, Koenig HP, Alt F, Vormberg R, Baur X, Schultze-Weminghaus G: Exposure-effect relationship of platinum salt allergy in a catalyst production plant: conclusions from a 5-year prospective cohort study. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2000, 105 (2 Pt 1): 364-370. 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)90089-7.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Heederik D, Doekes G, Venables KM, Newman Taylor AJ: Exposure-response relations of alpha-amylase sensitisation in British bakeries and flour mills. Occupational and environmental medicine. 1999, 56 (3): 197-201. 10.1136/oem.56.3.197.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Beghe B, Padoan M, Moss CT, Barton SJ, Holloway JW, Holgate ST, Howell WM, Mapp CE: Lack of association of HLA class I genes and TNF alpha-308 polymorphism in toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma. Allergy. 2004, 59 (1): 61-64. 10.1046/j.1398-9995.2003.00352.x.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Horne C, Quintana PJ, Keown PA, Dimich-Ward H, Chan-Yeung M: Distribution of DRB1 and DQB1 HLA class II alleles in occupational asthma due to western red cedar. Eur Respir J. 2000, 15 (5): 911-914. 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15e17.x.CrossRefPubMed

31.

Jeal H, Draper A, Jones M, Harris J, Welsh K, Taylor AN, Cullinan P: HLA associations with occupational sensitization to rat lipocalin allergens: a model for other animal allergies?. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2003, 111 (4): 795-799. 10.1067/mai.2003.176.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Jones MG, Nielsen J, Welch J, Harris J, Welinder H, Bensryd I, Skerfving S, Welsh K, Venables KM, Taylor AN: Association of HLA-DQ5 and HLA-DR1 with sensitization to organic acid anhydrides. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004, 34 (5): 812-816. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1956.x.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Mapp CE, Beghe B, Balboni A, Zamorani G, Padoan M, Jovine L, Baricordi OR, Fabbri LM: Association between HLA genes and susceptibility to toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000, 30 (5): 651-656. 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00807.x.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Rihs HP, Chen Z, Rueff F, Cremer R, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Baur X, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Bruning T: HLA-DQ8 and the HLA-DQ8-DR4 haplotype are positively associated with the hevein-specific IgE immune response in health care workers with latex allergy. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2002, 110 (3): 507-514. 10.1067/mai.2002.127282.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Wikman H, Piirila P, Rosenberg C, Luukkonen R, Kaaria K, Nordman H, Norppa H, Vainio H, Hirvonen A: N-Acetyltransferase genotypes as modifiers of diisocyanate exposure-associated asthma risk. Pharmacogenetics. 2002, 12 (3): 227-233. 10.1097/00008571-200204000-00007.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Piirila P, Wikman H, Luukkonen R, Kaaria K, Rosenberg C, Nordman H, Norppa H, Vainio H, Hirvonen A: Glutathione S-transferase genotypes and allergic responses to diisocyanate exposure. Pharmacogenetics. 2001, 11 (5): 437-445. 10.1097/00008571-200107000-00007.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Mapp CE, Fryer AA, De Marzo N, Pozzato V, Padoan M, Boschetto P, Strange RC, Hemmingsen A, Spiteri MA: Glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 is a susceptibility gene for occupational asthma induced by isocyanates. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2002, 109 (5): 867-872. 10.1067/mai.2002.123234.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Demchuk E, Yucesoy B, Johnson VJ, Andrew M, Weston A, Germolec DR, De Rosa CT, Luster MI: A statistical model for assessing genetic susceptibility as a risk factor in multifactorial diseases: lessons from occupational asthma. Environmental health perspectives. 2007, 115 (2): 231-234. 10.1289/ehp.8870.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Gautrin D, Ghezzo H, Infante-Rivard C, Malo JL: Host determinants for the development of allergy in apprentices exposed to laboratory animals. Eur Respir J. 2002, 19 (1): 96-103. 10.1183/09031936.02.00230202.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Putcha V, Gordon S, Heederik D, Venables KM, Cullinan P, Newman-Taylor AJ: Exposure-response relations among laboratory animal workers exposed to rats. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2003, 60 (2): 104-108. 10.1136/oem.60.2.104.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Malo JL, Lemiere C, Desjardins A, Cartier A: Prevalence and intensity of rhinoconjunctivitis in subjects with occupational asthma. Eur Respir J. 1997, 10 (7): 1513-1515. 10.1183/09031936.97.10071513.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Asher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, Lai CK, Strachan DP, Weiland SK, Williams H: Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006, 368 (9537): 733-743. 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69283-0.CrossRefPubMed

43.

McKeever TM, Britton J: Diet and asthma. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2004, 170 (7): 725-729. 10.1164/rccm.200405-611PP.CrossRefPubMed

44.

Okoko BJ, Burney PG, Newson RB, Potts JF, Shaheen SO: Childhood asthma and fruit consumption. Eur Respir J. 2007, 29 (6): 1161-1168. 10.1183/09031936.00097806.CrossRefPubMed

45.

Shaheen SO, Sterne JA, Thompson RL, Songhurst CE, Margetts BM, Burney PG: Dietary antioxidants and asthma in adults: population-based case-control study. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2001, 164 (10 Pt 1): 1823-1828.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Romieu I, Trenga C: Diet and obstructive lung diseases. Epidemiologic reviews. 2001, 23 (2): 268-287.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Gueant JL, Anello G, Bosco P, Gueant-Rodriguez RM, Romano A, Barone C, Gerard P, Romano C: Homocysteine and related genetic polymorphisms in Down's syndrome IQ. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. 2005, 76 (5): 706-709. 10.1136/jnnp.2004.039875.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Gueant-Rodriguez RM, Juilliere Y, Nippert M, Abdelmouttaleb I, Herbeth B, Aliot E, Danchin N, Gueant JL: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction is an independent predictor of homocysteine in angiographically documented patients with or without coronary artery lesions. J Thromb Haemost. 2007, 5 (6): 1209-1216. 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02535.x.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Husemoen LL, Toft U, Fenger M, Jorgensen T, Johansen N, Linneberg A: The association between atopy and factors influencing folate metabolism: is low folate status causally related to the development of atopy?. International journal of epidemiology. 2006, 35 (4): 954-961. 10.1093/ije/dyl094.CrossRefPubMed

50.

Mounier-Geyssant E, Barthelemy JF, Mouchot L, Paris C, Zmirou-Navier D: Exposure of bakery and pastry apprentices to airborne flour dust using PM2.5 and PM10 personal samplers. BMC public health. 2007, 7: 311-10.1186/1471-2458-7-311.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Mounier-Geyssant E, Oury V, Mouchot L, Paris C, Zmirou-Navier D: Exposure of hairdressing apprentices to airborne hazardous substances. Environ Health. 2006, 5: 23-10.1186/1476-069X-5-23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Tossa P, Bohadana A, Demange V, Wild P, Michaely JP, Hannhart B, Paris C, Zmirou-Navier D: Early markers of airways inflammation and occupational asthma: rationale, study design and follow-up rates among bakery, pastry and hairdressing apprentices. BMC public health. 2009, 9: 113-10.1186/1471-2458-9-113.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

53.

Standardization of Spirometry, 1994 Update. American Thoracic Society. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 1995, 152 (3): 1107-1136.

54.

Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2009. [http://www.ginasthma.com/]

55.

Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Grinten van der CPM, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Wanger J: Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005, 26 (5): 948-968. 10.1183/09031936.05.00035205.CrossRefPubMed

56.

Cote J, Kennedy S, Chan-Yeung M: Quantitative versus qualitative analysis of peak expiratory flow in occupational asthma. Thorax. 1993, 48 (1): 48-51. 10.1136/thx.48.1.48.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

57.

Calder PC: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2006, 83 (6 Suppl): 1505S-1519S.PubMed

58.

Bollander-Gouaille C: Focus on Homocysteine and the Vitamins involved in its metabolism. 2002, Paris: Spinger-Verlag, 2CrossRef

59.

Moffatt MF, Cookson WO: Tumour necrosis factor haplotypes and asthma. Human molecular genetics. 1997, 6 (4): 551-554. 10.1093/hmg/6.4.551.CrossRefPubMed

60.

Bidwell J, Keen L, Gallagher G, Kimberly R, Huizinga T, McDermott MF, Oksenberg J, McNicholl J, Pociot F, Hardt C, D'Alfonso S: Cytokine gene polymorphism in human disease: on-line databases. Genes and immunity. 1999, 1 (1): 3-19. 10.1038/sj.gene.6363645.CrossRefPubMed

61.

Velden van den PA, Reitsma PH: Amino acid dimorphism in IL1A is detectable by PCR amplification. Human molecular genetics. 1993, 2 (10): 1753-10.1093/hmg/2.10.1753-a.CrossRefPubMed

62.

Anees W, Gannon PF, Huggins V, Pantin CF, Burge PS: Effect of peak expiratory flow data quantity on diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in occupational asthma. Eur Respir J. 2004, 23 (5): 730-734. 10.1183/09031936.04.00027304.CrossRefPubMed

63.

Perrin B, Lagier F, L'Archeveque J, Cartier A, Boulet LP, Cote J, Malo JL: Occupational asthma: validity of monitoring of peak expiratory flow rates and non-allergic bronchial responsiveness as compared to specific inhalation challenge. Eur Respir J. 1992, 5 (1): 40-48.PubMed

64.

Tarlo SM, Liss GM: Occupational asthma: an approach to diagnosis and management. Cmaj. 2003, 168 (7): 867-871.PubMedPubMedCentral

65.

Burge PS, Pantin CF, Newton DT, Gannon PF, Bright P, Belcher J, McCoach J, Baldwin DR, Burge CB: Development of an expert system for the interpretation of serial peak expiratory flow measurements in the diagnosis of occupational asthma. Midlands Thoracic Society Research Group. Occupational and environmental medicine. 1999, 56 (11): 758-764. 10.1136/oem.56.11.758.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Jacobs JH, Meijster T, Meijer E, Suarthana E, Heederik D: Wheat allergen exposure and the prevalence of work-related sensitization and allergy in bakery workers. Allergy. 2008, 63 (12): 1597-1604. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01698.x.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Gautrin D, Ghezzo H, Infante-Rivard C, Magnan M, L'Archeveque J, Suarthana E, Malo JL: Long-term outcomes in a prospective cohort of apprentices exposed to high-molecular-weight agents. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2008, 177 (8): 871-879. 10.1164/rccm.200707-991OC.CrossRefPubMed

68.

Gautrin D, Ghezzo H, Infante-Rivard C, Malo JL: Incidence and determinants of IgE-mediated sensitization in apprentices. A prospective study. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2000, 162 (4 Pt 1): 1222-1228.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Houba R, Heederik DJ, Doekes G, van Run PE: Exposure-sensitization relationship for alpha-amylase allergens in the baking industry. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 1996, 154 (1): 130-136.CrossRefPubMed

70.

Tiikkainen U, Louhelainen K, Nordman H: Flour dust. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks fiom Chemicals. 1996, Nordic Council of Ministers. Arbete och Halsa, 27-

71.

Akpinar-Elci M, Cimrin AH, Elci OC: Prevalence and risk factors of occupational asthma among hairdressers in Turkey. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2002, 44 (6): 585-590.CrossRefPubMed

72.

Iwatsubo Y, Matrat M, Brochard P, Ameille J, Choudat D, Conso F, Coulondre D, Garnier R, Hubert C, Lauzier F, Romano MC, Pairon JC: Healthy worker effect and changes in respiratory symptoms and lung function in hairdressing apprentices. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2003, 60 (11): 831-840. 10.1136/oem.60.11.831.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

73.

Devereux G, Seaton A: Diet as a risk factor for atopy and asthma. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2005, 115 (6): 1109-1117. 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.1139.CrossRefPubMed

74.

Mickleborough TD, Lindley MR, Ionescu AA, Fly AD: Protective effect of fish oil supplementation on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Chest. 2006, 129 (1): 39-49. 10.1378/chest.129.1.39.CrossRefPubMed

75.

Patel BD, Welch AA, Bingham SA, Luben RN, Day NE, Khaw KT, Lomas DA, Wareham NJ: Dietary antioxidants and asthma in adults. Thorax. 2006, 61 (5): 388-393. 10.1136/thx.2004.024935.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

76.

Gilliland FD, Berhane KT, Li YF, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Peters J: Children's lung function and antioxidant vitamin, fruit, juice, and vegetable intake. American journal of epidemiology. 2003, 158 (6): 576-584. 10.1093/aje/kwg181.CrossRefPubMed

77.

Hu G, Cassano PA: Antioxidant nutrients and pulmonary function: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). American journal of epidemiology. 2000, 151 (10): 975-981.CrossRefPubMed

78.

Butland BK, Fehily AM, Elwood PC: Diet, lung function, and lung function decline in a cohort of 2512 middle aged men. Thorax. 2000, 55 (2): 102-108. 10.1136/thorax.55.2.102.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

79.

Schunemann HJ, Grant BJ, Freudenheim JL, Muti P, Browne RW, Drake JA, Klocke RA, Trevisan M: The relation of serum levels of antioxidant vitamins C and E, retinol and carotenoids with pulmonary function in the general population. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2001, 163 (5): 1246-1255.CrossRefPubMed

80.

Fogarty A, Lewis S, Weiss S, Britton J: Dietary vitamin E, IgE concentrations, and atopy. Lancet. 2000, 356 (9241): 1573-1574. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03132-9.CrossRefPubMed

81.

Hijazi N, Abalkhail B, Seaton A: Diet and childhood asthma in a society in transition: a study in urban and rural Saudi Arabia. Thorax. 2000, 55 (9): 775-779. 10.1136/thorax.55.9.775.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

82.

Schneider AP, Stein RT, Fritscher CC: The role of breastfeeding, diet and nutritional status in the development of asthma and atopy. J Bras Pneumol. 2007, 33 (4): 454-462. 10.1590/S1806-37132007000400016.CrossRefPubMed

83.

Mapp CE: What is the role of genetics in occupational asthma?. Eur Respir J. 2009, 33 (3): 459-460. 10.1183/09031936.00183508.CrossRefPubMed

84.

Levy ML, Fletcher M, Price DB, Hausen T, Halbert RJ, Yawn BP: International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) Guidelines: diagnosis of respiratory diseases in primary care. Prim Care Respir J. 2006, 15 (1): 20-34. 10.1016/j.pcrj.2005.10.004.CrossRefPubMed

85.

Malo JL, Ghezzo H, L'Archeveque J, Lagier F, Perrin B, Cartier A: Is the clinical history a satisfactory means of diagnosing occupational asthma?. The American review of respiratory disease. 1991, 143 (3): 528-532.CrossRefPubMed

86.

Tarlo SM, Balmes J, Balkissoon R, Beach J, Beckett W, Bernstein D, Blanc PD, Brooks SM, Cowl CT, Daroowalla F, Harber P, Lemiere C, Liss GM, Pacheco KA, Redlich CA, Rowe B, Heitzer J: Diagnosis and management of work-related asthma: American College Of Chest Physicians Consensus Statement. Chest. 2008, 134 (3 Suppl): 1S-41S. 10.1378/chest.08-0201.CrossRefPubMed

87.

Hetzel MR, Clark TJ: Comparison of normal and asthmatic circadian rhythms in peak expiratory flow rate. Thorax. 1980, 35 (10): 732-738. 10.1136/thx.35.10.732.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

88.

Hayati F, Maghsoodloo S, DeVivo MJ, Thomas RE, Lemiere C: Quality control chart method for analyzing PEF variability in occupational asthma. American journal of industrial medicine. 2008, 51 (3): 223-228. 10.1002/ajim.20559.CrossRefPubMed

89.

Henneberger PK, Stanbury MJ, Trimbath LS, Kipen HM: The use of portable peak flowmeters in the surveillance of occupational asthma. Chest. 1991, 100 (6): 1515-1521. 10.1378/chest.100.6.1515.CrossRefPubMed

90.

Tarlo SM, Broder I: Outcome of assessments for occupational asthma. Chest. 1991, 100 (2): 329-335. 10.1378/chest.100.2.329.CrossRefPubMed

91.

Moscato G, Pignatti P, Yacoub MR, Romano C, Spezia S, Perfetti L: Occupational asthma and occupational rhinitis in hairdressers. Chest. 2005, 128 (5): 3590-3598. 10.1378/chest.128.5.3590.CrossRefPubMed

The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/206/prepub

Title: Early incidence of occupational asthma among young bakers, pastry-makers and hairdressers: design of a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Thomas Rémen
Vincent Coevoet
Dovi-Stéphanie Acouetey
Jean-Louis Guéant
Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez
Christophe Paris
Denis Zmirou-Navier
Publication date: 01-12-2010
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-206

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Early incidence of occupational asthma among young bakers, pastry-makers and hairdressers: design of a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background

Methods/Design

Discussion

Trial registration

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods/Design

Discussion

Trial registration

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

A cross-sectional survey to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding seasonal influenza vaccination among European travellers to resource-limited destinations

Changes of overweight and obesity in the adult Swiss population according to educational level, from 1992 to 2007

Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among obese pregnant and postpartum women: an intervention study

Effects of lifestyle education program for type 2 diabetes patients in clinics: study design of a cluster randomized trial

Perceived connections between information and communication technology use and mental symptoms among young adults - a qualitative study

Public views of the uk media and government reaction to the 2009 swine flu pandemic