Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Psychiatry
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2014

Open Access 01-07-2014 | Review

Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders

Authors: Martin A Katzman, Pierre Bleau, Pierre Blier, Pratap Chokka, Kevin Kjernisted, Michael Van Ameringen, the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Special Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Anxiety and related disorders are among the most common mental disorders, with lifetime prevalence reportedly as high as 31%. Unfortunately, anxiety disorders are under-diagnosed and under-treated.

Methods

These guidelines were developed by Canadian experts in anxiety and related disorders through a consensus process. Data on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment (psychological and pharmacological) were obtained through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and manual searches (1980–2012). Treatment strategies were rated on strength of evidence, and a clinical recommendation for each intervention was made, based on global impression of efficacy, effectiveness, and side effects, using a modified version of the periodic health examination guidelines.

Results

These guidelines are presented in 10 sections, including an introduction, principles of diagnosis and management, six sections (Sections 3 through 8) on the specific anxiety-related disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder), and two additional sections on special populations (children/adolescents, pregnant/lactating women, and the elderly) and clinical issues in patients with comorbid conditions.

Conclusions

Anxiety and related disorders are very common in clinical practice, and frequently comorbid with other psychiatric and medical conditions. Optimal management requires a good understanding of the efficacy and side effect profiles of pharmacological and psychological treatments.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Kessler RC, Angermeyer M, Anthony JC, R DG, Demyttenaere K, Gasquet I, G DG, Gluzman S, Gureje O, Haro JM, et al: Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry. 2007, 6: 168-176.PubMedCentralPubMed
2.
Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE: Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005, 62: 593-602.PubMed
3.
Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE: Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005, 62: 617-627.PubMedCentralPubMed
4.
Somers JM, Goldner EM, Waraich P, Hsu L: Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: a systematic review of the literature. Can J Psychiatry. 2006, 51: 100-113.PubMed
5.
Martin-Merino E, Ruigomez A, Wallander MA, Johansson S, Garcia-Rodriguez LA: Prevalence, incidence, morbidity and treatment patterns in a cohort of patients diagnosed with anxiety in UK primary care. Fam Pract. 2010, 27: 9-16.PubMed
6.
Vermani M, Marcus M, Katzman MA: Rates of detection of mood and anxiety disorders in primary care: a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011, 13: doi 10.4088/PCC.4010m01013
7.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Monahan PO, Lowe B: Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. 2007, 146: 317-325.PubMed
8.
Weisberg RB, Dyck I, Culpepper L, Keller MB: Psychiatric treatment in primary care patients with anxiety disorders: a comparison of care received from primary care providers and psychiatrists. Am J Psychiatry. 2007, 164: 276-282.PubMed
9.
McLean CP, Asnaani A, Litz BT, Hofmann SG: Gender differences in anxiety disorders: prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. J Psychiatr Res. 2011, 45: 1027-1035.PubMedCentralPubMed
10.
Stein M, Fuetsch M, Muller N, Hofler M, Lieb R, Wittchen H: Social anxiety disorder and the risk of depression: a prospective community study of adolescents and young adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001, 58: 251-256.PubMed
11.
Pine DS, Cohen P, Gurley D, Brook J, Ma Y: The risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998, 55: 56-64.PubMed
12.
Wittchen HU, Kessler RC, Pfister H, Lieb M: Why do people with anxiety disorders become depressed? A prospective-longitudinal community study. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2000, 14-23.
13.
Senaratne R, Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Patterson B: The burden of anxiety disorders on the family. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010, 198: 876-880.PubMed
14.
Erickson SR, Guthrie S, Vanetten-Lee M, Himle J, Hoffman J, Santos SF, Janeck AS, Zivin K, Abelson JL: Severity of anxiety and work-related outcomes of patients with anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety. 2009, 26: 1165-1171.PubMed
15.
Sherbourne CD, Sullivan G, Craske MG, Roy-Byrne P, Golinelli D, Rose RD, Chavira DA, Bystritsky A, Stein MB: Functioning and disability levels in primary care out-patients with one or more anxiety disorders. Psychol Med. 2010, 40: 2059-2068.PubMedCentralPubMed
16.
Comer JS, Blanco C, Hasin DS, Liu SM, Grant BF, Turner JB, Olfson M: Health-related quality of life across the anxiety disorders: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC). J Clin Psychiatry. 2011, 72: 43-50.PubMedCentralPubMed
17.
Barrera TL, Norton PJ: Quality of life impairment in generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 1086-1090.PubMedCentralPubMed
18.
Wittchen HU: Generalized anxiety disorder: prevalence, burden, and cost to society. Depress Anxiety. 2002, 16: 162-171.PubMed
19.
Waghorn G, Chant D, White P, Whiteford H: Disability, employment and work performance among people with ICD-10 anxiety disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2005, 39: 55-66.PubMed
20.
Nepon J, Belik SL, Bolton J, Sareen J: The relationship between anxiety disorders and suicide attempts: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 791-798.PubMedCentralPubMed
21.
Bolton JM, Cox BJ, Afifi TO, Enns MW, Bienvenu OJ, Sareen J: Anxiety disorders and risk for suicide attempts: findings from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment area follow-up study. Depress Anxiety. 2008, 25: 477-481.PubMed
22.
Sareen J, Cox BJ, Afifi TO, de Graaf R, Asmundson GJ, ten Have M, Stein MB: Anxiety disorders and risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: a population-based longitudinal study of adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005, 62: 1249-1257.PubMed
23.
Cougle JR, Keough ME, Riccardi CJ, Sachs-Ericsson N: Anxiety disorders and suicidality in the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication. J Psychiatr Res. 2009, 43: 825-829.PubMed
24.
Pfeiffer PN, Ganoczy D, Ilgen M, Zivin K, Valenstein M: Comorbid anxiety as a suicide risk factor among depressed veterans. Depress Anxiety. 2009, 26: 752-757.PubMedCentralPubMed
25.
Schaffer A, Levitt A, Bagby R, Kennedy S, Levitan R, Joffe R: Suicidal ideation in major depression: sex differences and impact of comorbid anxiety. Can J Psychiatry. 2000, 45: 822-826.PubMed
26.
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). 2013, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, Fifth
27.
Van Ameringen M, Pollack M: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Oxford Psychiatry Library). 2010, New York, NY: Oxford University Press
28.
Connor K, Kobak K, Churchill L, Katzelnick D, Davidson J: Mini-SPIN: A brief screening assessment for generalized social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2001, 14: 137-140.PubMed
29.
Mancini C, Van Ameringen M, Pipe B, Oakman J: Development and validation of self-report psychiatric screening tool: MACSCREEN [poster]. Anxiety Disorders Association of America 23rd Annual Conference; March 27-30; Toronto, Canada. 2003
30.
Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Simpson W, Patterson B: Potential use of Internet-based screening for anxiety disorders: a pilot study. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 1006-1010.PubMed
31.
Ballenger J, Davidson J, Lecrubier Y, Nutt D, Borkovec T, Rickels K, Stein D, Wittchen H: Consensus statement on generalized anxiety disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001, 62 (Suppl 11): 53-58.PubMed
32.
Swinson R, Antony M, Bleau P, Chokka P, Craven M, Fallu A, Kjernisted K, Lanius R, Manassis K, McIntosh D, et al: Clinical practice guidelines. Management of anxiety disorders. Can J Psychiatry. 2006, 51: 9S-91S.
33.
Milne BJ, Caspi A, Harrington H, Poulton R, Rutter M, Moffitt TE: Predictive value of family history on severity of illness: the case for depression, anxiety, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009, 66: 738-747.PubMedCentralPubMed
34.
Batelaan NM, Smit F, de Graaf R, van Balkom AJ, Vollebergh WA, Beekman AT: Identifying target groups for the prevention of anxiety disorders in the general population. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010, 122: 56-65.PubMed
35.
Karsten J, Hartman CA, Smit JH, Zitman FG, Beekman AT, Cuijpers P, van der Does AJ, Ormel J, Nolen WA, Penninx BW: Psychiatric history and subthreshold symptoms as predictors of the occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorder within 2 years. Br J Psychiatry. 2011, 198: 206-212.PubMed
36.
McLaughlin KA, Hatzenbuehler ML: Stressful life events, anxiety sensitivity, and internalizing symptoms in adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol. 2009, 118: 659-669.PubMedCentralPubMed
37.
Chu DA, Williams LM, Harris AW, Bryant RA, Gatt JM: Early life trauma predicts self-reported levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms in nonclinical community adults: Relative contributions of early life stressor types and adult trauma exposure. J Psychiatr Res. 2013, 47: 23-32.PubMed
38.
Flensborg-Madsen T, Tolstrup J, Sorensen HJ, Mortensen EL: Social and psychological predictors of onset of anxiety disorders: results from a large prospective cohort study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012, 47: 711-721.PubMed
39.
Heider D, Matschinger H, Bernert S, Alonso J, Brugha TS, Bruffaerts R, de Girolamo G, Dietrich S, Angermeyer MC: Adverse parenting as a risk factor in the occurrence of anxiety disorders : a study in six European countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008, 43: 266-272.PubMed
40.
Strine TW, Mokdad AH, Balluz LS, Gonzalez O, Crider R, Berry JT, Kroenke K: Depression and anxiety in the United States: findings from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Psychiatr Serv. 2008, 59: 1383-1390.PubMed
41.
Kagan J, Snidman N: Early childhood predictors of adult anxiety disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 1999, 46: 1536-1541.PubMed
42.
Muris P, van Brakel AM, Arntz A, Schouten E: Behavioral inhibition as a risk factor for the development of childhood anxiety disorders: A longitudinal study. J Child Fam Stud. 2011, 20: 157-170.PubMedCentralPubMed
43.
Schaffer A, Cairney J, Cheung A, Veldhuizen S, Levitt A: Community survey of bipolar disorder in Canada: lifetime prevalence and illness characteristics. Can J Psychiatry. 2006, 51: 9-16.PubMed
44.
Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Koretz D, Merikangas KR, Rush AJ, Walters EE, Wang PS: The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA. 2003, 289: 3095-3105.PubMed
45.
Kessler RC, Adler L, Barkley R, Biederman J, Conners CK, Demler O, Faraone SV, Greenhill LL, Howes MJ, Secnik K, et al: The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2006, 163: 716-723.PubMedCentralPubMed
46.
Klein Hofmeijer-Sevink M, Batelaan NM, van Megen HJ, Penninx BW, Cath DC, van den Hout MA, van Balkom AJ: Clinical relevance of comorbidity in anxiety disorders: a report from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). J Affect Disord. 2012, 137: 106-112.
47.
Bruce S, Machan J, Dyck I, Keller M: Infrequency of "pure" GAD: impact of psychiatric comorbidity on clinical course. Depress Anxiety. 2001, 14: 219-225.PubMed
48.
Shankman S, Klein D: The impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on the course of dysthymic disorder: a 5-year prospective longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2002, 70: 211-217.PubMed
49.
Boylan K, Bieling P, Marriott M, Begin H, Young L, MacQueen G: Impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on outcome in a cohort of patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 1106-1113.PubMed
50.
Mackenzie CS, Reynolds K, Cairney J, Streiner DL, Sareen J: Disorder-specific mental health service use for mood and anxiety disorders: associations with age, sex, and psychiatric comorbidity. Depress Anxiety. 2012, 29: 234-242.PubMedCentralPubMed
51.
McLaughlin T, Geissler E, Wan G: Comorbidities and associated treatment charges in patients with anxiety disorders. Pharmacotherapy. 2003, 23: 1251-1256.PubMed
52.
Sareen J, Jacobi F, Cox BJ, Belik SL, Clara I, Stein MB: Disability and poor quality of life associated with comorbid anxiety disorders and physical conditions. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166: 2109-2116.PubMed
53.
Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, Schaffer A, Parikh SV, Beaulieu S, O'Donovan C, MacQueen G, McIntyre RS, Sharma V, Ravindran A, et al: Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2009. Bipolar Disord. 2009, 11: 225-255.PubMed
54.
van Balkom AJ, Bakker A, Spinhoven P, Blaauw BM, Smeenk S, Ruesink B: A meta-analysis of the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a comparison of psychopharmacological, cognitive-behavioral, and combination treatments. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997, 185: 510-516.PubMed
55.
Siev J, Chambless DL: Specificity of treatment effects: cognitive therapy and relaxation for generalized anxiety and panic disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007, 75: 513-522.PubMed
56.
Sanchez-Meca J, Rosa-Alcazar AI, Marin-Martinez F, Gomez-Conesa A: Psychological treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010, 30: 37-50.PubMed
57.
Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Horowitz JD, Powers MB, Telch MJ: Psychological approaches in the treatment of specific phobias: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008, 28: 1021-1037.PubMed
58.
Fedoroff I, Taylor S: Psychological and pharmacological treatments of social phobia: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001, 21: 311-324.PubMed
59.
Acarturk C, Cuijpers P, van Straten A, de Graaf R: Psychological treatment of social anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2009, 39: 241-254.PubMed
60.
Rosa-Alcazar AI, Sanchez-Meca J, Gomez-Conesa A, Marin-Martinez F: Psychological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008, 28: 1310-1325.PubMed
61.
Jonsson H, Hougaard E: Group cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009, 119: 98-106.PubMed
62.
Gava I, Barbui C, Aguglia E, Carlino D, Churchill R, De Vanna M, McGuire HF: Psychological treatments versus treatment as usual for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007, CD005333-
63.
Ougrin D: Efficacy of exposure versus cognitive therapy in anxiety disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2011, 11: 200-PubMedCentralPubMed
64.
Borkovec T, Ruscio A: Psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001, 62 (Suppl 11): 37-42. discussion 43-35PubMed
65.
Hunot V, Churchill R, Silva de Lima M, Teixeira V: Psychological therapies for generalised anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007, CD001848-
66.
Bisson J, Andrew M: Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007, CD003388-
67.
Bisson JI, Ehlers A, Matthews R, Pilling S, Richards D, Turner S: Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2007, 190: 97-104.PubMed
68.
Seidler GH, Wagner FE: Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD: a meta-analytic study. Psychol Med. 2006, 36: 1515-1522.PubMed
69.
Powers MB, Halpern JM, Ferenschak MP, Gillihan SJ, Foa EB: A meta-analytic review of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010, 30: 635-641.PubMed
70.
Hofmann SG, Smits JA: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008, 69: 621-632.PubMedCentralPubMed
71.
Roshanaei-Moghaddam B, Pauly MC, Atkins DC, Baldwin SA, Stein MB, Roy-Byrne P: Relative effects of CBT and pharmacotherapy in depression versus anxiety: is medication somewhat better for depression, and CBT somewhat better for anxiety?. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 560-567.PubMed
72.
Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Witt AA, Oh D: The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010, 78: 169-183.PubMedCentralPubMed
73.
Boschen MJ, Oei TP: A cognitive behavioral case formulation framework for treatment planning in anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety. 2008, 25: 811-823.PubMed
74.
Coull G, Morris PG: The clinical effectiveness of CBT-based guided self-help interventions for anxiety and depressive disorders: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2011, 41: 2239-2252.PubMed
75.
Lewis C, Pearce J, Bisson JI: Efficacy, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of self-help interventions for anxiety disorders: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry. 2012, 200: 15-21.PubMed
76.
Lucock M, Padgett K, Noble R, Westley A, Atha C, Horsefield C, Leach C: Controlled clinical trial of a self-help for anxiety intervention for patients waiting for psychological therapy. Behav Cog Psychother. 2008, 36: 541-551.
77.
Craske MG, Rose RD, Lang A, Welch SS, Campbell-Sills L, Sullivan G, Sherbourne C, Bystritsky A, Stein MB, Roy-Byrne PP: Computer-assisted delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in primary-care settings. Depress Anxiety. 2009, 26: 235-242.PubMedCentralPubMed
78.
Cavanagh K, Seccombe N, Lidbetter N: The implementation of computerized cognitive behavioural therapies in a service user-led, third sector self help clinic. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2011, 39: 427-442.PubMed
79.
Titov N, Andrews G, Johnston L, Robinson E, Spence J: Transdiagnostic Internet treatment for anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2010, 48: 890-899.PubMed
80.
Opris D, Pintea S, Garcia-Palacios A, Botella C, Szamoskozi S, David D: Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: a quantitative meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2012, 29: 85-93.PubMed
81.
Powers MB, Emmelkamp PM: Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 561-569.PubMed
82.
Bandelow B, Seidler-Brandler U, Becker A, Wedekind D, Ruther E: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled comparisons of psychopharmacological and psychological treatments for anxiety disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2007, 8: 175-187.PubMed
83.
Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Korte KJ, Smits JA: Is it beneficial to add pharmacotherapy to cognitive-behavioral therapy when treating anxiety disorders? a meta-analytic review. Int J Cogn Ther. 2009, 2: 160-175.PubMedCentralPubMed
84.
85.
86.
Brambilla P, Cipriani A, Hotopf M, Barbui C: Side-effect profile of fluoxetine in comparison with other SSRIs, tricyclic and newer antidepressants: a meta-analysis of clinical trial data. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2005, 38: 69-77.PubMed
87.
Hu X, Bull S, Hunkeler E, Ming E, Lee J, Fireman B, Markson L: Incidence and duration of side effects and those rated as bothersome with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment for depression: patient report versus physician estimate. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 959-965.PubMed
88.
Cascade E, Kalali AH, Kennedy SH: Real-world data on SSRI antidepressant side effects. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2009, 6: 16-18.
89.
Hirschfeld R: Long-term side effects of SSRIs: sexual dysfunction and weight gain. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003, 64 (Suppl 18): 20-24.PubMed
90.
Dall M, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB, Lassen AT, Hansen JM, Hallas J: An association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and serious upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009, 7: 1314-1321.PubMed
91.
de Abajo FJ, Garcia-Rodriguez LA: Risk of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine therapy: interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and effect of acid-suppressing agents. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008, 65: 795-803.PubMed
92.
Haney EM, Chan BK, Diem SJ, Ensrud KE, Cauley JA, Barrett-Connor E, Orwoll E, Bliziotes MM: Association of low bone mineral density with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use by older men. Arch Intern Med. 2007, 167: 1246-1251.PubMed
93.
Williams LJ, Henry MJ, Berk M, Dodd S, Jacka FN, Kotowicz MA, Nicholson GC, Pasco JA: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and bone mineral density in women with a history of depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008, 23: 84-87.PubMed
94.
Eom CS, Lee HK, Ye S, Park SM, Cho KH: Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bone Miner Res. 2012, 27: 1186-1195.PubMed
95.
Smith JM: Clinical implications of treating depressed older adults with SSRIs: possible risk of hyponatremia. J Gerontol Nurs. 2010, 36: 22-27. quiz 28-29PubMed
96.
Shelton RC: The nature of the discontinuation syndrome associated with antidepressant drugs. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67 (Suppl 4): 3-7.PubMed
97.
98.
99.
Barbui C, Esposito E, Cipriani A: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of suicide: a systematic review of observational studies. CMAJ. 2009, 180: 291-297.PubMedCentralPubMed
100.
Olmer A, Iancu I, Strous RD: Exposure to antidepressant medications and suicide attempts in adult depressed inpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2012, 200: 531-534.PubMed
101.
Degner D, Grohmann R, Bleich S, Ruther E: New antidepressant drugs. What side effects and interactions are to be expected?. MMW Fortschr Med. 2000, 142: 35-38. 40PubMed
102.
Chouinard G: Issues in the clinical use of benzodiazepines: potency, withdrawal, and rebound. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65 (Suppl 5): 7-12.PubMed
103.
Ciraulo DA, Nace EP: Benzodiazepine treatment of anxiety or insomnia in substance abuse patients. Am J Addict. 2000, 9: 276-279. discussion 280-274PubMed
104.
Petrovic M, Mariman A, Warie H, Afschrift M, Pevernagie D: Is there a rationale for prescription of benzodiazepines in the elderly? Review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg. 2003, 58: 27-36.PubMed
105.
Allain H, Bentue-Ferrer D, Polard E, Akwa Y, Patat A: Postural instability and consequent falls and hip fractures associated with use of hypnotics in the elderly: a comparative review. Drugs Aging. 2005, 22: 749-765.PubMed
106.
Barker MJ, Greenwood KM, Jackson M, Crowe SF: Cognitive effects of long-term benzodiazepine use: a meta-analysis. CNS Drugs. 2004, 18: 37-48.PubMed
107.
Barker MJ, Greenwood KM, Jackson M, Crowe SF: An evaluation of persisting cognitive effects after withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005, 11: 281-289.PubMed
108.
Chessick CA, Allen MH, Thase M, Batista Miralha da Cunha AB, Kapczinski FF, de Lima MS, dos Santos Souza JJ: Azapirones for generalized anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006, 3: CD006115-PubMed
109.
Baker RA, Pikalov A, Tran QV, Kremenets T, Arani RB, Doraiswamy PM: Atypical antipsychotic drugs and diabetes mellitus in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event database: a systematic Bayesian signal detection analysis. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2009, 42: 11-31.PubMed
110.
Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, O'Donovan C, Parikh SV, MacQueen G, McIntyre RS, Sharma V, Beaulieu S: Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2007. Bipolar Disord. 2006, 8: 721-739.PubMed
111.
Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, O'Donovan C, Parikh S, MacQueen G, McIntyre R, Sharma V, Silverstone P, Alda M, Baruch P, et al: Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: consensus and controversies. Bipolar Disord. 2005, 7 (Suppl 3): 5-69.PubMed
112.
Sumiyoshi T, Roy A, Anil AE, Jayathilake K, Ertugrul A, Meltzer HY: A comparison of incidence of diabetes mellitus between atypical antipsychotic drugs: a survey for clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004, 24: 345-348.PubMed
113.
Citrome LL, Holt RI, Zachry WM, Clewell JD, Orth PA, Karagianis JL, Hoffmann VP: Risk of treatment-emergent diabetes mellitus in patients receiving antipsychotics. Ann Pharmacother. 2007, 41: 1593-1603.PubMed
114.
Olfson M, Marcus SC, Corey-Lisle P, Tuomari AV, Hines P, L'Italien GJ: Hyperlipidemia following treatment with antipsychotic medications. Am J Psychiatry. 2006, 163: 1821-1825.PubMed
115.
Depping AM, Komossa K, Kissling W, Leucht S: Second-generation antipsychotics for anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, CD008120-
116.
LaLonde CD, Van Lieshout RJ: Treating generalized anxiety disorder with second generation antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 31: 326-333.PubMed
117.
Torrent C, Martinez-Aran A, Daban C, Amann B, Balanza-Martinez V, Del Mar Bonnin C, Cruz N, Franco C, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Vieta E: Effects of atypical antipsychotics on neurocognition in euthymic bipolar patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2011, 52: 613-622.PubMed
118.
Correll CU, Sheridan EM, DelBello MP: Antipsychotic and mood stabilizer efficacy and tolerability in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar I mania: a comparative analysis of acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Bipolar Disord. 2010, 12: 116-141.PubMed
119.
Doyle A, Pollack M: Establishment of remission criteria for anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003, 64 (Suppl 15): 40-45.PubMed
120.
Kjernisted KD, Bleau P: Long-term goals in the management of acute and chronic anxiety disorders. Can J Psychiatry. 2004, 49: 51S-63S.PubMed
121.
Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Jin R, Ruscio AM, Shear K, Walters EE: The epidemiology of panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006, 63: 415-424.PubMedCentralPubMed
122.
Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Goldstein RB, Smith S, Huang B, Saha TD: The epidemiology of DSM-IV panic disorder and agoraphobia in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 363-374.PubMed
123.
Kinley DJ, Cox BJ, Clara I, Goodwin RD, Sareen J: Panic attacks and their relation to psychological and physical functioning in Canadians: results from a nationally representative sample. Can J Psychiatry. 2009, 54: 113-122.PubMed
124.
Goodwin RD, Lieb R, Hoefler M, Pfister H, Bittner A, Beesdo K, Wittchen HU: Panic attack as a risk factor for severe psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry. 2004, 161: 2207-2214.PubMed
125.
Kjernisted K, McIntosh D: Venlafaxine extended release (XR) in the treatment of panic disorder. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007, 3: 59-69.PubMedCentralPubMed
126.
Culpepper L: Identifying and treating panic disorder in primary care. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65 (Suppl 5): 19-23.PubMed
127.
Craske MG, Tsao JC: Assessment and treatment of nocturnal panic attacks. Sleep Med Rev. 2005, 9: 173-184.PubMed
128.
Romans S, Cohen M, Forte T: Rates of depression and anxiety in urban and rural Canada. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2011, 46: 567-575.PubMed
129.
Galderisi S, Mancuso F, Mucci A, Garramone S, Zamboli R, Maj M: Alexithymia and cognitive dysfunctions in patients with panic disorder. Psychother Psychosom. 2008, 77: 182-188.PubMed
130.
Deckersbach T, Moshier SJ, Tuschen-Caffier B, Otto MW: Memory dysfunction in panic disorder: an investigation of the role of chronic benzodiazepine use. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 999-1007.PubMed
131.
Pastucha P, Prasko J, Grambal A, Latalova K, Sigmundova Z, Sykorova T, Tichackova A: Panic disorder and dissociation - comparison with healthy controls. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2009, 30: 774-778.PubMed
132.
Kessler H, Roth J, von Wietersheim J, Deighton RM, Traue HC: Emotion recognition patterns in patients with panic disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2007, 24: 223-226.PubMed
133.
Tull MT, Roemer L: Emotion regulation difficulties associated with the experience of uncued panic attacks: evidence of experiential avoidance, emotional nonacceptance, and decreased emotional clarity. Behav Ther. 2007, 38: 378-391.PubMed
134.
Batelaan N, Smit F, de Graaf R, van Balkom A, Vollebergh W, Beekman A: Economic costs of full-blown and subthreshold panic disorder. J Affect Disord. 2007, 104: 127-136.PubMed
135.
Gros DF, Frueh BC, Magruder KM: Prevalence and features of panic disorder and comparison to posttraumatic stress disorder in VA primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2011, 33: 482-488.PubMed
136.
de Graaf R, Tuithof M, van Dorsselaer S, Ten Have M: Comparing the effects on work performance of mental and physical disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012, 47: 1873-1883.PubMed
137.
Mathew AR, Norton PJ, Zvolensky MJ, Buckner JD, Smits JA: Smoking behavior and alcohol consumption in individuals with panic attacks. J Cogn Psychother. 2011, 25: 61-70.PubMedCentralPubMed
138.
Bienvenu OJ, Onyike CU, Stein MB, Chen LS, Samuels J, Nestadt G, Eaton WW: Agoraphobia in adults: incidence and longitudinal relationship with panic. Br J Psychiatry. 2006, 188: 432-438.PubMed
139.
Korczak DJ, Goldstein BI, Levitt AJ: Panic disorder, cardiac diagnosis and emergency department utilization in an epidemiologic community sample. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2007, 29: 335-339.PubMed
140.
Senaratne R, Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Patterson B, Bennett M: The prevalence of migraine headaches in an anxiety disorders clinic sample. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2010, 16: 76-82.PubMed
141.
Yamada K, Moriwaki K, Oiso H, Ishigooka J: High prevalence of comorbidity of migraine in outpatients with panic disorder and effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy for both disorders: a retrospective open label study. Psychiatry Res. 2011, 185: 145-148.PubMed
142.
Marshall EC, Zvolensky MJ, Sachs-Ericsson N, Schmidt NB, Bernstein A: Panic attacks and physical health problems in a representative sample: singular and interactive associations with psychological problems, and interpersonal and physical disability. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 78-87.PubMed
143.
Craske MG, Kircanski K, Epstein A, Wittchen HU, Pine DS, Lewis-Fernandez R, Hinton D: Panic disorder: a review of DSM-IV panic disorder and proposals for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 93-112.PubMed
144.
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). 2000, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, Fourth
145.
Wittchen HU, Gloster AT, Beesdo-Baum K, Fava GA, Craske MG: Agoraphobia: a review of the diagnostic classificatory position and criteria. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 113-133.PubMed
146.
Clum GA, Surls R: A meta-analysis of treatments for panic disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993, 61: 317-326.PubMed
147.
Gould R, Otto M, Pollack M: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome for panic disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother. 1995, 15: 819-844.
148.
Marchand A, Roberge P, Primiano S, Germain V: A randomized, controlled clinical trial of standard, group and brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia: a two-year follow-up. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 1139-1147.PubMed
149.
Roberge P, Marchand A, Reinharz D, Savard P: Cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia: a randomized, controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis. Behav Modif. 2008, 32: 333-351.PubMed
150.
Meyerbroker K, Emmelkamp PM: Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: a systematic review of process-and-outcome studies. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 933-944.PubMed
151.
Botella C, García-Palacios A, Villa H, Baños RM, Quero S, Alcañiz M, Riva G: Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia: A controlled study. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2007, 14: 164-175.
152.
Malbos E, Rapee RM, Kavakli M: Isolating the effect of virtual reality based exposure therapy for agoraphobia: a comparative trial. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2011, 167: 45-50.PubMed
153.
Perez-Ara MA, Quero S, Botella C, Banos R, Andreu-Mateu S, Garcia-Palacios A, Breton-Lopez J: Virtual reality interoceptive exposure for the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2010, 154: 77-81.PubMed
154.
Vincelli F, Anolli L, Bouchard S, Wiederhold BK, Zurloni V, Riva G: Experiential cognitive therapy in the treatment of panic disorders with agoraphobia: a controlled study. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2003, 6: 321-328.PubMed
155.
Hecker J, Losee M, Fritzler B, Fink C: Self-directed versus therapist-directed cognitive behavioural treatment for panic disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 1996, 10: 253-265.
156.
Lidren DM, Watkins PL, Gould RA, Clum GA, Asterino M, Tulloch HL: A comparison of bibliotherapy and group therapy in the treatment of panic disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994, 62: 865-869.PubMed
157.
Carlbring P, Maurin T, Sjomark J, Maurin L, Westling BE, Ekselius L, Cuijpers P, Andersson G: All at once or one at a time? A randomized controlled trial comparing two ways to deliver bibliotherapy for panic disorder. Cogn Behav Ther. 2011, 40: 228-235.PubMed
158.
Nordin S, Carlbring P, Cuijpers P, Andersson G: Expanding the limits of bibliotherapy for panic disorder: randomized trial of self-help without support but with a clear deadline. Behav Ther. 2010, 41: 267-276.PubMed
159.
McNamee G, O’Sullivan G, Lelliott P, Marks I: Telephone-guided treatment for housebound agoraphobics with panic disorder: exposure versus relaxation. Behav Ther. 1989, 20: 491-497.
160.
Swinson RP, Fergus KD, Cox BJ, Wickwire K: Efficacy of telephone-administered behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behav Res Ther. 1995, 33: 465-469.PubMed
161.
Bouchard S, Paquin B, Payeur R, Allard M, Rivard V, Fournier T, Renaud P, Lapierre J: Delivering cognitive-behavior therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia in videoconference. Telemed J E Health. 2004, 10: 13-25.PubMed
162.
Carlbring P, Ekselius L, Andersson G: Treatment of panic disorder via the Internet: a randomized trial of CBT vs. applied relaxation. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2003, 34: 129-140.PubMed
163.
Newman MG, Kenardy J, Herman S, Taylor CB: Comparison of palmtop-computer-assisted brief cognitive-behavioral treatment to cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997, 65: 178-183.PubMed
164.
Bergstrom J, Andersson G, Ljotsson B, Ruck C, Andreewitch S, Karlsson A, Carlbring P, Andersson E, Lindefors N: Internet-versus group-administered cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder in a psychiatric setting: a randomised trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2010, 10: 54-PubMedCentralPubMed
165.
Carlbring P, Bohman S, Brunt S, Buhrman M, Westling BE, Ekselius L, Andersson G: Remote treatment of panic disorder: a randomized trial of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy supplemented with telephone calls. Am J Psychiatry. 2006, 163: 2119-2125.PubMed
166.
Kiropoulos LA, Klein B, Austin DW, Gilson K, Pier C, Mitchell J, Ciechomski L: Is internet-based CBT for panic disorder and agoraphobia as effective as face-to-face CBT?. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 1273-1284.PubMed
167.
Wims E, Titov N, Andrews G, Choi I: Clinician-assisted Internet-based treatment is effective for panic: a randomized controlled trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010, 44: 599-607.PubMed
168.
Klein B, Austin D, Pier C, Kiropoulos L, Shandley K, Mitchell J, Gilson K, Ciechomski L: Internet-based treatment for panic disorder: does frequency of therapist contact make a difference?. Cogn Behav Ther. 2009, 38: 100-113.PubMed
169.
Ruwaard J, Broeksteeg J, Schrieken B, Emmelkamp P, Lange A: Web-based therapist-assisted cognitive behavioral treatment of panic symptoms: a randomized controlled trial with a three-year follow-up. J Anxiety Disord. 2010, 24: 387-396.PubMed
170.
Clark DM, Salkovskis PM, Hackmann A, Wells A, Ludgate J, Gelder M: Brief cognitive therapy for panic disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999, 67: 583-589.PubMed
171.
Bohni MK, Spindler H, Arendt M, Hougaard E, Rosenberg NK: A randomized study of massed three-week cognitive behavioural therapy schedule for panic disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009, 120: 187-195.PubMed
172.
Dow MG, Kenardy JA, Johnston DW, Newman MG, Taylor CB, Thomson A: Prognostic indices with brief and standard CBT for panic disorder: II. Moderators of outcome. Psychol Med. 2007, 37: 1503-1509.PubMed
173.
Craske MG, Roy-Byrne P, Stein MB, Sullivan G, Hazlett-Stevens H, Bystritsky A, Sherbourne C: CBT intensity and outcome for panic disorder in a primary care setting. Behav Ther. 2006, 37: 112-119.PubMed
174.
Haby MM, Donnelly M, Corry J, Vos T: Cognitive behavioural therapy for depression, panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-regression of factors that may predict outcome. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006, 40: 9-19.PubMed
175.
Dow MG, Kenardy JA, Johnston DW, Newman MG, Taylor CB, Thomson A: Prognostic indices with brief and standard CBT for panic disorder: I. Predictors of outcome. Psychol Med. 2007, 37: 1493-1502.PubMed
176.
Bouchard S, Gauthier J, Nouwen A, Ivers H, Vallieres A, Simard S, Fournier T: Temporal relationship between dysfunctional beliefs, self-efficacy and panic apprehension in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2007, 38: 275-292.PubMed
177.
Feske U, Goldstein AJ: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for panic disorder: a controlled outcome and partial dismantling study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997, 65: 1026-1035.PubMed
178.
Goldstein AJ, de Beurs E, Chambless DL, Wilson KA: EMDR for panic disorder with agoraphobia: comparison with waiting list and credible attention-placebo control conditions. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000, 68: 947-956.PubMed
179.
Furukawa TA, Watanabe N, Churchill R: Psychotherapy plus antidepressant for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry. 2006, 188: 305-312.PubMed
180.
Furukawa TA, Watanabe N, Churchill R: Combined psychotherapy plus antidepressants for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007, CD004364-
181.
Mitte K: A meta-analysis of the efficacy of psycho- and pharmacotherapy in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. J Affect Disord. 2005, 88: 27-45.PubMed
182.
Watanabe N, Churchill R, Furukawa TA: Combined psychotherapy plus benzodiazepines for panic disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009, CD005335-
183.
Koszycki D, Taljaard M, Segal Z, Bradwejn J: A randomized trial of sertraline, self-administered cognitive behavior therapy, and their combination for panic disorder. Psychol Med. 2011, 41: 373-383.PubMed
184.
Kim YW, Lee SH, Choi TK, Suh SY, Kim B, Kim CM, Cho SJ, Kim MJ, Yook K, Ryu M, et al: Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2009, 26: 601-606.PubMed
185.
Kim B, Lee SH, Kim YW, Choi TK, Yook K, Suh SY, Cho SJ, Yook KH: Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2010, 24: 590-595.PubMed
186.
Schmidt NB, Wollaway-Bickel K, Trakowski JH, Santiago HT, Vasey M: Antidepressant discontinuation in the context of cognitive behavioral treatment for panic disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2002, 40: 67-73.PubMed
187.
Otto MW, McHugh RK, Simon NM, Farach FJ, Worthington JJ, Pollack MH: Efficacy of CBT for benzodiazepine discontinuation in patients with panic disorder: further evaluation. Behav Res Ther. 2010, 48: 720-727.PubMed
188.
Bruce T, Spiegel D, Hegel M: Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps prevent relapse and recurrence of panic disorder following alprazolam discontinuation: a long-term follow-up of the Peoria and Dartmouth studies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999, 67: 151-156.PubMed
189.
Katon W, Russo J, Sherbourne C, Stein MB, Craske M, Fan MY, Roy-Byrne P: Incremental cost-effectiveness of a collaborative care intervention for panic disorder. Psychol Med. 2006, 36: 353-363.PubMed
190.
Cottraux J, Note ID, Cungi C, Legeron P, Heim F, Chneiweiss L, Bernard G, Bouvard M: A controlled study of cognitive behaviour therapy with buspirone or placebo in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Br J Psychiatry. 1995, 167: 635-641.PubMed
191.
Otto MW, Tolin DF, Simon NM, Pearlson GD, Basden S, Meunier SA, Hofmann SG, Eisenmenger K, Krystal JH, Pollack MH: Efficacy of d-cycloserine for enhancing response to cognitive-behavior therapy for panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 67: 365-370.PubMed
192.
Siegmund A, Golfels F, Finck C, Halisch A, Rath D, Plag J, Strohle A: D-cycloserine does not improve but might slightly speed up the outcome of in-vivo exposure therapy in patients with severe agoraphobia and panic disorder in a randomized double blind clinical trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2011, 45: 1042-1047.PubMed
193.
Nations KR, Smits JA, Tolin DF, Rothbaum BO, Hofmann SG, Tart CD, Lee A, Schipper J, Sjogren M, Xue D, et al: Evaluation of the glycine transporter inhibitor Org 25935 as augmentation to cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012, 73: 647-653.PubMed
194.
Fava GA, Rafanelli C, Grandi S, Conti S, Ruini C, Mangelli L, Belluardo P: Long-term outcome of panic disorder with agoraphobia treated by exposure. Psychol Med. 2001, 31: 891-898.PubMed
195.
Bakker A, van Balkom A, Spinhoven P: SSRIs vs. TCAs in the treatment of panic disorder: a meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002, 106: 163-167.PubMed
196.
Otto MW, Tuby KS, Gould RA, McLean RY, Pollack MH: An effect-size analysis of the relative efficacy and tolerability of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors for panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2001, 158: 1989-1992.PubMed
197.
Andrisano C, Chiesa A, Serretti A: Newer antidepressants and panic disorder: a meta-analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013, 28: 33-45.PubMed
198.
Stahl SM, Gergel I, Li D: Escitalopram in the treatment of panic disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003, 64: 1322-1327.PubMed
199.
Wade AG, Lepola U, Koponen HJ, Pedersen V, Pedersen T: The effect of citalopram in panic disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1997, 170: 549-553.PubMed
200.
Seedat S, van Rheede van Oudtshoorn E, Muller JE, Mohr N, Stein DJ: Reboxetine and citalopram in panic disorder: a single-blind, cross-over, flexible-dose pilot study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003, 18: 279-284.PubMed
201.
Michelson D, Lydiard RB, Pollack MH, Tamura RN, Hoog SL, Tepner R, Demitrack MA, Tollefson GD: Outcome assessment and clinical improvement in panic disorder: evidence from a randomized controlled trial of fluoxetine and placebo. The Fluoxetine Panic Disorder Study Group. Am J Psychiatry. 1998, 155: 1570-1577.PubMed
202.
Michelson D, Allgulander C, Dantendorfer K, Knezevic A, Maierhofer D, Micev V, Paunovic V, Timotijevic I, Sarkar N, Skoglund L, Pemberton S: Efficacy of usual antidepressant dosing regimens of fluoxetine in panic disorder: randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2001, 179: 514-518.PubMed
203.
Ribeiro L, Busnello J, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Madruga M, Quevedo J, Busnello E, Kapczinski F: Mirtazapine versus fluoxetine in the treatment of panic disorder. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001, 34: 1303-1307.PubMed
204.
Tiller JW, Bouwer C, Behnke K: Moclobemide and fluoxetine for panic disorder. International Panic Disorder Study Group. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999, 249 (Suppl 1): S7-10.PubMed
205.
Black DW, Wesner R, Bowers W, Gabel J: A comparison of fluvoxamine, cognitive therapy, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993, 50: 44-50.PubMed
206.
Asnis G, Hameedi F, Goddard A, Potkin S, Black D, Jameel M, Desagani K, Woods S: Fluvoxamine in the treatment of panic disorder: a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in outpatients. Psychiatry Res. 2001, 103: 1-14.PubMed
207.
Bakish D, Hooper CL, Filteau MJ, Charbonneau Y, Fraser G, West DL, Thibaudeau C, Raine D: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing fluvoxamine and imipramine in the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1996, 32: 135-141.PubMed
208.
Den Boer JA, Westenberg HG: Serotonin function in panic disorder: a double blind placebo controlled study with fluvoxamine and ritanserin. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1990, 102: 85-94.
209.
Hoehn-Saric R, McLeod DR, Hipsley PA: Effect of fluvoxamine on panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993, 13: 321-326.PubMed
210.
Sharp DM, Power KG, Simpson RJ, Swanson V, Anstee JA: Global measures of outcome in a controlled comparison of pharmacological and psychological treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 1997, 47: 150-155.PubMedCentralPubMed
211.
Bakker A, van Dyck R, Spinhoven P, van Balkom AJ: Paroxetine, clomipramine, and cognitive therapy in the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999, 60: 831-838.PubMed
212.
Ballenger JC, Wheadon DE, Steiner M, Bushnell W, Gergel IP: Double-blind, fixed-dose, placebo-controlled study of paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1998, 155: 36-42.PubMed
213.
Lecrubier Y, Bakker A, Dunbar G, Judge R: A comparison of paroxetine, clomipramine and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder. Collaborative Paroxetine Panic Study Investigators. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997, 95: 145-152.PubMed
214.
Oehrberg S, Christiansen PE, Behnke K, Borup AL, Severin B, Soegaard J, Calberg H, Judge R, Ohrstrom JK, Manniche PM: Paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 1995, 167: 374-379.PubMed
215.
Pollack M, Mangano R, Entsuah R, Tzanis E, Simon NM, Zhang Y: A randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine ER and paroxetine in the treatment of outpatients with panic disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007, 194: 233-242.
216.
Pollack MH, Lepola U, Koponen H, Simon NM, Worthington JJ, Emilien G, Tzanis E, Salinas E, Whitaker T, Gao B: A double-blind study of the efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release, paroxetine, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2007, 24: 1-14.PubMed
217.
Prosser JM, Yard S, Steele A, Cohen LJ, Galynker II: A comparison of low-dose risperidone to paroxetine in the treatment of panic attacks: a randomized, single-blind study. BMC Psychiatry. 2009, 9: 25-PubMedCentralPubMed
218.
Nardi AE, Valenca AM, Freire RC, Mochcovitch MD, Amrein R, Sardinha A, Levitan MN, Nascimento I, de-Melo-Neto VL, King AL, et al: Psychopharmacotherapy of panic disorder: 8-week randomized trial with clonazepam and paroxetine. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2011, 44: 366-373.PubMed
219.
Bertani A, Perna G, Migliarese G, Di Pasquale D, Cucchi M, Caldirola D, Bellodi L: Comparison of the treatment with paroxetine and reboxetine in panic disorder: a randomized, single-blind study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2004, 37: 206-210.PubMed
220.
Londborg PD, Wolkow R, Smith WT, DuBoff E, England D, Ferguson J, Rosenthal M, Weise C: Sertraline in the treatment of panic disorder. A multi-site, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose investigation. Br J Psychiatry. 1998, 173: 54-60.PubMed
221.
Pohl RB, Wolkow RM, Clary CM: Sertraline in the treatment of panic disorder: a double-blind multicenter trial. Am J Psychiatry. 1998, 155: 1189-1195.PubMed
222.
Pollack MH, Otto MW, Worthington JJ, Manfro GG, Wolkow R: Sertraline in the treatment of panic disorder: a flexible-dose multicenter trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998, 55: 1010-1016.PubMed
223.
Pollack M, Rapaport M, Clary C, Mardekian J, Wolkow R: Sertraline treatment of panic disorder: response in patients at risk for poor outcome. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000, 61: 922-927.PubMed
224.
Lepola U, Arato M, Zhu Y, Austin C: Sertraline versus imipramine treatment of comorbid panic disorder and major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003, 64: 654-662.PubMed
225.
Sheehan DV, Burnham DB, Iyengar MK, Perera P: Efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 34-40.PubMed
226.
Perna G, Dacco S, Menotti R, Caldirola D: Antianxiety medications for the treatment of complex agoraphobia: pharmacological interventions for a behavioral condition. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011, 7: 621-637.PubMedCentralPubMed
227.
Pollack MH, Worthington JJ, Otto MW, Maki KM, Smoller JW, Manfro GG, Rudolph R, Rosenbaum JF: Venlafaxine for panic disorder: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1996, 32: 667-670.PubMed
228.
Bradwejn J, Ahokas A, Stein DJ, Salinas E, Emilien G, Whitaker T: Venlafaxine extended-release capsules in panic disorder: Flexible-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2005, 187: 352-359.PubMed
229.
Liebowitz MR, Asnis G, Mangano R, Tzanis E: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, flexible-dose study of venlafaxine extended release capsules in adult outpatients with panic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009, 70: 550-561.PubMed
230.
Simon NM, Kaufman RE, Hoge EA, Worthington JJ, Herlands NN, Owens ME, Pollack MH: Open-label support for duloxetine for the treatment of panic disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009, 15: 19-23.PubMed
231.
Blaya C, Seganfredo AC, Dornelles M, Torres M, Paludo A, Heldt E, Manfro GG: The efficacy of milnacipran in panic disorder: an open trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007, 22: 153-158.PubMed
232.
Kruger MB, Dahl AA: The efficacy and safety of moclobemide compared to clomipramine in the treatment of panic disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999, 249 (Suppl 1): S19-24.PubMed
233.
Modigh K, Westberg P, Eriksson E: Superiority of clomipramine over imipramine in the treatment of panic disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1992, 12: 251-261.PubMed
234.
Cox BJ, Endler NS, Lee PS, Swinson RP: A meta-analysis of treatments for panic disorder with agoraphobia: imipramine, alprazolam, and in vivo exposure. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1992, 23: 175-182.PubMed
235.
Drug treatment of panic disorder. Comparative efficacy of alprazolam, imipramine, and placebo. Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study, Second Phase Investigators. Br J Psychiatry. 1992, 160: 191-202. discussion 202-195
236.
Andersch S, Rosenberg NK, Kullingsjo H, Ottosson JO, Bech P, Bruun-Hansen J, Hanson L, Lorentzen K, Mellergard M, Rasmussen S, et al: Efficacy and safety of alprazolam, imipramine and placebo in treating panic disorder. A Scandinavian multicenter study. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1991, 365: 18-27.PubMed
237.
Taylor CB, Hayward C, King R, Ehlers A, Margraf J, Maddock R, Clark D, Roth WT, Agras WS: Cardiovascular and symptomatic reduction effects of alprazolam and imipramine in patients with panic disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1990, 10: 112-118.PubMed
238.
Barlow D, Gorman J, Shear M, Woods S: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000, 283: 2529-2536.PubMed
239.
Marchand A, Coutu MF, Dupuis G, Fleet R, Borgeat F, Todorov C, Mainguy N: Treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia: randomized placebo-controlled trial of four psychosocial treatments combined with imipramine or placebo. Cogn Behav Ther. 2008, 37: 146-159.PubMed
240.
Sheehan DV, Ballenger J, Jacobsen G: Treatment of endogenous anxiety with phobic, hysterical, and hypochondriacal symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980, 37: 51-59.PubMed
241.
Uhlenhuth EH, Warner TD, Matuzas W: Interactive model of therapeutic response in panic disorder: moclobemide, a case in point. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002, 22: 275-284.PubMed
242.
Loerch B, Graf-Morgenstern M, Hautzinger M, Schlegel S, Hain C, Sandmann J, Benkert O: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of moclobemide, cognitive-behavioural therapy and their combination in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Br J Psychiatry. 1999, 174: 205-212.PubMed
243.
Nardi AE, Lopes FL, Valenca AM, Freire RC, Nascimento I, Veras AB, Mezzasalma MA, de-Melo-Neto VL, Soares-Filho GL, King AL, et al: Double-blind comparison of 30 and 60 mg tranylcypromine daily in patients with panic disorder comorbid with social anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2010, 175: 260-265.PubMed
244.
Versiani M, Cassano G, Perugi G, Benedetti A, Mastalli L, Nardi A, Savino M: Reboxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for panic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002, 63: 31-37.PubMed
245.
Boshuisen M, Slaap B, Vester-Blokland E, den Boer J: The effect of mirtazapine in panic disorder: an open label pilot study with a single-blind placebo run-in period. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001, 16: 363-368.PubMed
246.
Sarchiapone M, Amore M, De Risio S, Carli V, Faia V, Poterzio F, Balista C, Camardese G, Ferrari G: Mirtazapine in the treatment of panic disorder: an open-label trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003, 18: 35-38.PubMed
247.
Sheehan DV, Davidson J, Manschreck T, Van Wyck Fleet J: Lack of efficacy of a new antidepressant (bupropion) in the treatment of panic disorder with phobias. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1983, 3: 28-31.PubMed
248.
Simon NM, Emmanuel N, Ballenger J, Worthington JJ, Kinrys G, Korbly NB, Farach FJ, Pollack MH: Bupropion sustained release for panic disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2003, 37: 66-72.PubMed
249.
Boyer W: Serotonin uptake inhibitors are superior to imipramine and alprazolam in alleviating panic attacks: a meta-analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995, 10: 45-49.PubMed
250.
Tesar GE, Rosenbaum JF, Pollack MH, Otto MW, Sachs GS, Herman JB, Cohen LS, Spier SA: Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of clonazepam and alprazolam for panic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991, 52: 69-76.PubMed
251.
Schweizer E, Pohl R, Balon R, Fox I, Rickels K, Yeragani VK: Lorazepam vs. alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1990, 23: 90-93.PubMed
252.
Moylan S, Staples J, Ward SA, Rogerson J, Stein DJ, Berk M: The efficacy and safety of alprazolam versus other benzodiazepines in the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 31: 647-652.PubMed
253.
Marquez M, Arenoso H, Caruso N: Efficacy of alprazolam sublingual tablets in the treatment of the acute phase of panic disorders. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2011, 39: 88-94.PubMed
254.
Sheehan D, Raj A, Harnett-Sheehan K, Soto S, Knapp E: The relative efficacy of high-dose buspirone and alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993, 88: 1-11.PubMed
255.
Beauclair L, Fontaine R, Annable L, Holobow N, Chouinard G: Clonazepam in the treatment of panic disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the correlation between clonazepam concentrations in plasma and clinical response. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994, 14: 111-118.PubMed
256.
Moroz G, Rosenbaum JF: Efficacy, safety, and gradual discontinuation of clonazepam in panic disorder: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study using optimized dosages. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999, 60: 604-612.PubMed
257.
Rosenbaum JF, Moroz G, Bowden CL: Clonazepam in the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a dose-response study of efficacy, safety, and discontinuance. Clonazepam Panic Disorder Dose-Response Study Group. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997, 17: 390-400.PubMed
258.
Valenca A, Nardi A, Nascimento I, Mezzasalma M, Lopes F, Zin W: Double-blind clonazepam vs placebo in panic disorder treatment. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2000, 58: 1025-1029.PubMed
259.
Charney DS, Woods SW: Benzodiazepine treatment of panic disorder: a comparison of alprazolam and lorazepam. J Clin Psychiatry. 1989, 50: 418-423.PubMed
260.
de Jonghe F, Swinkels J, Tuynman-Qua H, Jonkers F: A comparative study of suriclone, lorazepam and placebo in anxiety disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1989, 22: 266-271.PubMed
261.
Dunner DL, Ishiki D, Avery DH, Wilson LG, Hyde TS: Effect of alprazolam and diazepam on anxiety and panic attacks in panic disorder: a controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 1986, 47: 458-460.PubMed
262.
Noyes R, Anderson DJ, Clancy J, Crowe RR, Slymen DJ, Ghoneim MM, Hinrichs JV: Diazepam and propranolol in panic disorder and agoraphobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984, 41: 287-292.PubMed
263.
Noyes R, Burrows GD, Reich JH, Judd FK, Garvey MJ, Norman TR, Cook BL, Marriott P: Diazepam versus alprazolam for the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996, 57: 349-355.PubMed
264.
Pollack MH, Simon NM, Worthington JJ, Doyle AL, Peters P, Toshkov F, Otto MW: Combined paroxetine and clonazepam treatment strategies compared to paroxetine monotherapy for panic disorder. J Psychopharmacol. 2003, 17: 276-282.PubMed
265.
Goddard AW, Brouette T, Almai A, Jetty P, Woods SW, Charney D: Early coadministration of clonazepam with sertraline for panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001, 58: 681-686.PubMed
266.
Katzelnick DJ, Saidi J, Vanelli MR, Jefferson JW, Harper JM, McCrary KE: Time to response in panic disorder in a naturalistic setting: combination therapy with alprazolam orally disintegrating tablets and serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared to serotonin reuptake inhibitors alone. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2006, 3: 39-49.
267.
Galynker I, Khan A, Grebchenko Y, Ten A, Malaya L, Yanowitch P, Cohen LJ: Low-dose risperidone and quetiapine as monotherapy for comorbid anxiety and depression [Letter]. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 544-PubMed
268.
Hollifield M, Thompson PM, Ruiz JE, Uhlenhuth EH: Potential effectiveness and safety of olanzapine in refractory panic disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2005, 21: 33-40.PubMed
269.
Hoge EA, Worthington JJ, Kaufman RE, Delong HR, Pollack MH, Simon NM: Aripiprazole as augmentation treatment of refractory generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. CNS Spectr. 2008, 13: 522-527.PubMed
270.
Sepede G, De Berardis D, Gambi F, Campanella D, La Rovere R, D'Amico M, Cicconetti A, Penna L, Peca S, Carano A, et al: Olanzapine augmentation in treatment-resistant panic disorder: a 12-week, fixed-dose, open-label trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 26: 45-49.PubMed
271.
Simon NM, Hoge EA, Fischmann D, Worthington JJ, Christian KM, Kinrys G, Pollack MH: An open-label trial of risperidone augmentation for refractory anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 381-385.PubMed
272.
Baetz M, Bowen RC: Efficacy of divalproex sodium in patients with panic disorder and mood instability who have not responded to conventional therapy. Can J Psychiatry. 1998, 43: 73-77.PubMed
273.
Keck PE, Taylor VE, Tugrul KC, McElroy SL, Bennett JA: Valproate treatment of panic disorder and lactate-induced panic attacks. Biol Psychiatry. 1993, 33: 542-546.PubMed
274.
Woodman CL, Noyes R: Panic disorder: treatment with valproate. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994, 55: 134-136.PubMed
275.
Primeau F, Fontaine R, Beauclair L: Valproic acid and panic disorder. Can J Psychiatry. 1990, 35: 248-250.PubMed
276.
Papp LA: Safety and efficacy of levetiracetam for patients with panic disorder: results of an open-label, fixed-flexible dose study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 1573-1576.PubMed
277.
Pande AC, Pollack MH, Crockatt J, Greiner M, Chouinard G, Lydiard RB, Taylor CB, Dager SR, Shiovitz T: Placebo-controlled study of gabapentin treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000, 20: 467-471.PubMed
278.
Zwanzger P, Eser D, Nothdurfter C, Baghai TC, Moller HJ, Padberg F, Rupprecht R: Effects of the GABA-reuptake inhibitor tiagabine on panic and anxiety in patients with panic disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2009, 42: 266-269.PubMed
279.
Sheehan DV, Sheehan KH, Raj BA, Janavs J: An open-label study of tiagabine in panic disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2007, 40: 32-40.PubMed
280.
Uhde TW, Stein MB, Post RM: Lack of efficacy of carbamazepine in the treatment of panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1988, 145: 1104-1109.PubMed
281.
Perugi G, Frare F, Toni C, Tusini G, Vannucchi G, Akiskal HS: Adjunctive valproate in panic disorder patients with comorbid bipolar disorder or otherwise resistant to standard antidepressants: a 3-year "open" follow-up study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010, 260: 553-560.PubMed
282.
Sheehan DV, Raj AB, Sheehan KH, Soto S: Is buspirone effective for panic disorder?. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1990, 10: 3-11.PubMed
283.
Charney DS, Woods SW, Goodman WK, Rifkin B, Kinch M, Aiken B, Quadrino LM, Heninger GR: Drug treatment of panic disorder: the comparative efficacy of imipramine, alprazolam, and trazodone. J Clin Psychiatry. 1986, 47: 580-586.PubMed
284.
Munjack DJ, Crocker B, Cabe D, Brown R, Usigli R, Zulueta A, McManus M, McDowell D, Palmer R, Leonard M: Alprazolam, propranolol, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1989, 9: 22-27.PubMed
285.
Ravaris CL, Friedman MJ, Hauri PJ, McHugo GJ: A controlled study of alprazolam and propranolol in panic-disordered and agoraphobic outpatients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991, 11: 344-350.PubMed
286.
Hirschmann S, Dannon PN, Iancu I, Dolberg OT, Zohar J, Grunhaus L: Pindolol augmentation in patients with treatment-resistant panic disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000, 20: 556-559.PubMed
287.
Lepola UM, Wade AG, Leinonen EV, Koponen HJ, Frazer J, Sjodin I, Penttinen JT, Pedersen T, Lehto HJ: A controlled, prospective, 1-year trial of citalopram in the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998, 59: 528-534.PubMed
288.
Dannon PN, Iancu I, Lowengrub K, Gonopolsky Y, Musin E, Grunhaus L, Kotler M: A naturalistic long-term comparison study of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of panic disorder. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2007, 30: 326-334.PubMed
289.
Lecrubier Y, Judge R: Long-term evaluation of paroxetine, clomipramine and placebo in panic disorder. Collaborative Paroxetine Panic Study Investigators. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997, 95: 153-160.PubMed
290.
Nardi AE, Freire RC, Mochcovitch MD, Amrein R, Levitan MN, King AL, Valenca AM, Veras AB, Paes F, Sardinha A, et al: A randomized, naturalistic, parallel-group study for the long-term treatment of panic disorder with clonazepam or paroxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012, 32: 120-126.PubMed
291.
Curtis GC, Massana J, Udina C, Ayuso JL, Cassano GB, Perugi G: Maintenance drug therapy of panic disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 1993, 27 (Suppl 1): 127-142.PubMed
292.
Mavissakalian M, Perel JM: Clinical experiments in maintenance and discontinuation of imipramine therapy in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992, 49: 318-323.PubMed
293.
Rickels K, Schweizer E: Panic disorder: long-term pharmacotherapy and discontinuation. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998, 18: 12S-18S.PubMed
294.
Ferguson JM, Khan A, Mangano R, Entsuah R, Tzanis E: Relapse prevention of panic disorder in adult outpatient responders to treatment with venlafaxine extended release. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007, 68: 58-68.PubMed
295.
Mavissakalian MR, Perel JM: Long-term maintenance and discontinuation of imipramine therapy in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999, 56: 821-827.PubMed
296.
Nardi AE, Freire RC, Valenca AM, Amrein R, de Cerqueira AC, Lopes FL, Nascimento I, Mezzasalma MA, Veras AB, Sardinha A, et al: Tapering clonazepam in patients with panic disorder after at least 3 years of treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010, 30: 290-293.PubMed
297.
Mannu P, Rinaldi S, Fontani V, Castagna A, Margotti ML: Noninvasive brain stimulation by radioelectric asymmetric conveyor in the treatment of agoraphobia: open-label, naturalistic study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2011, 5: 575-580.PubMedCentralPubMed
298.
Mannu P, Rinaldi S, Fontani V, Castagna A, Margotti ML: Radio electric treatment vs. escitalopram in the treatment of panic disorders associated with major depression: an open-label, naturalistic study. Acupunct Electrother Res. 2009, 34: 135-149.PubMed
299.
Mantovani A, Lisanby SH, Pieraccini F, Ulivelli M, Castrogiovanni P, Rossi S: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of panic disorder (PD) with comorbid major depression. J Affect Disord. 2007, 102: 277-280.PubMed
300.
Prasko J, Zalesky R, Bares M, Horacek J, Kopecek M, Novak T, Paskova B: The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) add on serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with panic disorder: a randomized, double blind sham controlled study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007, 28: 33-38.PubMed
301.
Meuret AE, Rosenfield D, Seidel A, Bhaskara L, Hofmann SG: Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: evidence for intervention specificity. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010, 78: 691-704.PubMedCentralPubMed
302.
Wollburg E, Roth WT, Kim S: Effects of breathing training on voluntary hypo- and hyperventilation in patients with panic disorder and episodic anxiety. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011, 36: 81-91.PubMed
303.
Wedekind D, Broocks A, Weiss N, Engel K, Neubert K, Bandelow B: A randomized, controlled trial of aerobic exercise in combination with paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 11: 904-913.PubMed
304.
Strohle A, Graetz B, Scheel M, Wittmann A, Feller C, Heinz A, Dimeo F: The acute antipanic and anxiolytic activity of aerobic exercise in patients with panic disorder and healthy control subjects. J Psychiatr Res. 2009, 43: 1013-1017.PubMed
305.
Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Patricia Chou S, Smith S, Goldstein RB, June Ruan W, Grant BF: The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007, 37: 1047-1059.PubMed
306.
LeBeau RT, Glenn D, Liao B, Wittchen HU, Beesdo-Baum K, Ollendick T, Craske MG: Specific phobia: a review of DSM-IV specific phobia and preliminary recommendations for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 148-167.PubMed
307.
Becker ES, Rinck M, Turke V, Kause P, Goodwin R, Neumer S, Margraf J: Epidemiology of specific phobia subtypes: findings from the Dresden Mental Health Study. Eur Psychiatry. 2007, 22: 69-74.PubMed
308.
Benjet C, Borges G, Stein D, Mendez E, Medina-Mora M: Epidemiology of fears and specific phobia in adolescence: results from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012, 73: 152-158.PubMed
309.
Trumpf J, Margraf J, Vriends N, Meyer AH, Becker ES: Specific phobia predicts psychopathology in young women. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2010, 45: 1161-1166.PubMedCentralPubMed
310.
Choy Y, Fyer AJ, Goodwin RD: Specific phobia and comorbid depression: a closer look at the National Comorbidity Survey data. Compr Psychiatry. 2007, 48: 132-136.PubMed
311.
Hood H, Antony M: Evidence-based assessment and treatment of specific phobias in adults, Chapt.2. Intensive one-session treatment of specific phobias. Edited by: Davis T, Ollendick T, Öst L-G. 2012, New York: Springer, 19-42. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series
312.
Parsons TD, Rizzo AA: Affective outcomes of virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and specific phobias: a meta-analysis. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2008, 39: 250-261.PubMed
313.
Ollendick TH, Ost LG, Reuterskiold L, Costa N, Cederlund R, Sirbu C, Davis TE, Jarrett MA: One-session treatment of specific phobias in youth: a randomized clinical trial in the United States and Sweden. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009, 77: 504-516.PubMed
314.
Craske MG, Kircanski K, Zelikowsky M, Mystkowski J, Chowdhury N, Baker A: Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2008, 46: 5-27.PubMed
315.
Öst L-G, Fellenius J, Sterner U: Applied tension, exposure in vivo, and tension-only in the treatment of blood phobia. Behav Res Ther. 1991, 29: 561-574.PubMed
316.
Hellstrom K, Fellenius J, Öst L-G: One versus five sessions of applied tension in the treatment of blood phobia. Behav Res Ther. 1996, 34: 101-112.PubMed
317.
Kettwich SC, Sibbitt WL, Brandt JR, Johnson CR, Wong CS, Bankhurst AD: Needle phobia and stress-reducing medical devices in pediatric and adult chemotherapy patients. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2007, 24: 20-28.PubMed
318.
Vika M, Skaret E, Raadal M, Ost LG, Kvale G: One- vs. five-session treatment of intra-oral injection phobia: a randomized clinical study. Eur J Oral Sci. 2009, 117: 279-285.PubMed
319.
Krijn M, Emmelkamp PM, Olafsson RP, Bouwman M, van Gerwen LJ, Spinhoven P, Schuemie MJ, van der Mast CA: Fear of flying treatment methods: virtual reality exposure vs. cognitive behavioral therapy. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007, 78: 121-128.PubMed
320.
Van Gerwen LJ, Spinhoven P, Van Dyck R: Behavioral and cognitive group treatment for fear of flying: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2006, 37: 358-371.PubMed
321.
Wiederhold BK, Jang DP, Gevirtz RG, Kim SI, Kim IY, Wiederhold MD: The treatment of fear of flying: a controlled study of imaginal and virtual reality graded exposure therapy. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed. 2002, 6: 218-223.PubMed
322.
Rothbaum BO, Hodges L, Smith S, Lee JH, Price L: A controlled study of virtual reality exposure therapy for the fear of flying. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000, 68: 1020-1026.PubMed
323.
Tortella-Feliu M, Botella C, Llabres J, Breton-Lopez JM, del Amo AR, Banos RM, Gelabert JM: Virtual reality versus computer-aided exposure treatments for fear of flying. Behav Modif. 2011, 35: 3-30.PubMed
324.
Rothbaum BO, Anderson P, Zimand E, Hodges L, Lang D, Wilson J: Virtual reality exposure therapy and standard (in vivo) exposure therapy in the treatment of fear of flying. Behav Ther. 2006, 37: 80-90.PubMed
325.
Kim S, Palin F, Anderson P, Edwards S, Lindner G, Rothbaum BO: Use of skills learned in CBT for fear of flying: managing flying anxiety after September 11th. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 301-309.PubMedCentralPubMed
326.
Anderson P, Jacobs CH, Lindner GK, Edwards S, Zimand E, Hodges L, Rothbaum BO: Cognitive behavior therapy for fear of flying: sustainability of treatment gains after September 11. Behav Ther. 2006, 37: 91-97.PubMed
327.
Emmelkamp PM, Krijn M, Hulsbosch AM, de Vries S, Schuemie MJ, van der Mast CA: Virtual reality treatment versus exposure in vivo: a comparative evaluation in acrophobia. Behav Res Ther. 2002, 40: 509-516.PubMed
328.
Rothbaum BO, Hodges LF, Kooper R, Opdyke D, Williford JS, North M: Effectiveness of computer-generated (virtual reality) graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia. Am J Psychiatry. 1995, 152: 626-628.PubMed
329.
Krijn M, Emmelkamp PM, Olafsson RP, Schuemie MJ, van der Mast CA: Do self-statements enhance the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy? A comparative evaluation in acrophobia. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007, 10: 362-370.PubMed
330.
Malbos E, Mestre DR, Note ID, Gellato C: Virtual reality and claustrophobia: multiple components therapy involving game editor virtual environments exposure. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008, 11: 695-697.PubMed
331.
Michaliszyn D, Marchand A, Bouchard S, Martel MO, Poirier-Bisson J: A randomized, controlled clinical trial of in virtuo and in vivo exposure for spider phobia. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2010, 13: 689-695.PubMed
332.
Bouchard S, Cote S, St-Jacques J, Robillard G, Renaud P: Effectiveness of virtual reality exposure in the treatment of arachnophobia using 3D games. Technol Health Care. 2006, 14: 19-27.PubMed
333.
Granado LC, Ranvaud R, Pelaez JR: A spiderless arachnophobia therapy: comparison between placebo and treatment groups and six-month follow-up study. Neural Plast. 2007, 2007: 10241-PubMedCentralPubMed
334.
Andersson G, Waara J, Jonsson U, Malmaeus F, Carlbring P, Ost LG: Internet-based self-help versus one-session exposure in the treatment of spider phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther. 2009, 38: 114-120.PubMed
335.
Muller BH, Kull S, Wilhelm FH, Michael T: One-session computer-based exposure treatment for spider-fearful individuals--efficacy of a minimal self-help intervention in a randomised controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2011, 42: 179-184.PubMed
336.
Botella C, Quero S, Banos RM, Garcia-Palacios A, Breton-Lopez J, Alcaniz M, Fabregat S: Telepsychology and self-help: the treatment of phobias using the internet. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008, 11: 659-664.PubMed
337.
Botella C, Breton-Lopez J, Quero S, Banos R, Garcia-Palacios A: Treating cockroach phobia with augmented reality. Behav Ther. 2010, 41: 401-413.PubMed
338.
Ressler KJ, Rothbaum BO, Tannenbaum L, Anderson P, Graap K, Zimand E, Hodges L, Davis M: Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004, 61: 1136-1144.PubMed
339.
Guastella AJ, Dadds MR, Lovibond PF, Mitchell P, Richardson R: A randomized controlled trial of the effect of d-cycloserine on exposure therapy for spider fear. J Psychiatr Res. 2007, 41: 466-471.PubMed
340.
de Quervain DJ, Bentz D, Michael T, Bolt OC, Wiederhold BK, Margraf J, Wilhelm FH: Glucocorticoids enhance extinction-based psychotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011, 108: 6621-6625.PubMedCentralPubMed
341.
Soravia LM, Heinrichs M, Aerni A, Maroni C, Schelling G, Ehlert U, Roozendaal B, de Quervain DJ: Glucocorticoids reduce phobic fear in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006, 103: 5585-5590.PubMedCentralPubMed
342.
Meyerbroeker K, Powers MB, van Stegeren A, Emmelkamp PM: Does yohimbine hydrochloride facilitate fear extinction in virtual reality treatment of fear of flying? A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2012, 81: 29-37.PubMed
343.
Powers MB, Smits JA, Otto MW, Sanders C, Emmelkamp PM: Facilitation of fear extinction in phobic participants with a novel cognitive enhancer: a randomized placebo controlled trial of yohimbine augmentation. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 350-356.PubMed
344.
Kozak AT, Spates CR, McChargue DE, Bailey KC, Schneider KL, Liepman MR: Naltrexone renders one-session exposure therapy less effective: a controlled pilot study. J Anxiety Disord. 2007, 21: 142-152.PubMed
345.
Benjamin J, Ben-Zion I, Karbofsky E, Dannon P: Double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of paroxetine for specific phobia. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000, 149: 194-196.
346.
Alamy S, Wei Z, Varia I, Davidson JR, Connor KM: Escitalopram in specific phobia: results of a placebo-controlled pilot trial. J Psychopharmacol. 2008, 22: 157-161.PubMed
347.
Abene MV, Hamilton JD: Resolution of fear of flying with fluoxetine treatment. J Anxiety Disord. 1998, 12: 599-603.PubMed
348.
Balon R: Fluvoxamine for phobia of storms. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999, 100: 244-245. discussion 245-246PubMed
349.
Choy Y, Fyer AJ, Lipsitz JD: Treatment of specific phobia in adults. Clin Psychol Rev. 2007, 27: 266-286.PubMed
350.
Wilhelm FH, Roth WT: Acute and delayed effects of alprazolam on flight phobics during exposure. Behav Res Ther. 1997, 35: 831-841.PubMed
351.
Johren P, Jackowski J, Gangler P, Sartory G, Thom A: Fear reduction in patients with dental treatment phobia. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000, 38: 612-616.PubMed
352.
Tschirch FT, Suter K, Froehlich JM, Studler U, Nidecker A, Eckhardt B, Beranek-Chiu J, Surber C, Weishaupt D: Multicenter trial: comparison of two different formulations and application systems of low-dose nasal midazolam for routine magnetic resonance imaging of claustrophobic patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008, 28: 866-872.PubMed
353.
Tschirch FT, Gopfert K, Frohlich JM, Brunner G, Weishaupt D: Low-dose intranasal versus oral midazolam for routine body MRI of claustrophobic patients. Eur Radiol. 2007, 17: 1403-1410.PubMed
354.
Mather AA, Stein MB, Sareen J: Social anxiety disorder and social fears in the Canadian military: prevalence, comorbidity, impairment, and treatment-seeking. J Psychiatr Res. 2010, 44: 887-893.PubMed
355.
Beesdo K, Bittner A, Pine DS, Stein MB, Hofler M, Lieb R, Wittchen HU: Incidence of social anxiety disorder and the consistent risk for secondary depression in the first three decades of life. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007, 64: 903-912.PubMed
356.
Shields M: Social anxiety disorder--beyond shyness. Health Rep. 2004, 15 (Suppl): 45-61.PubMed
357.
Magee W, Eaton W, Wittchen H, McGonagle K, Kessler R: Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996, 53: 159-168.PubMed
358.
Stein M, Walker J, Forde D: Setting diagnostic thresholds for social phobia: considerations from a community survey of social anxiety. Am J Psychiatry. 1994, 151: 408-412.PubMed
359.
Schneier F, Johnson J, Hornig C, Liebowitz M, Weissman M: Social phobia. Comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992, 49: 282-288.PubMed
360.
Ohayon MM, Schatzberg AF: Social phobia and depression: prevalence and comorbidity. J Psychosom Res. 2010, 68: 235-243.PubMed
361.
Stein DJ, Ruscio AM, Lee S, Petukhova M, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Benjet C, Bromet E, Demyttenaere K, Florescu S, et al: Subtyping social anxiety disorder in developed and developing countries. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 390-403.PubMedCentralPubMed
362.
Ramsawh HJ, Raffa SD, Edelen MO, Rende R, Keller MB: Anxiety in middle adulthood: effects of age and time on the 14-year course of panic disorder, social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder. Psychol Med. 2009, 39: 615-624.PubMedCentralPubMed
363.
Ruscio AM, Brown TA, Chiu WT, Sareen J, Stein MB, Kessler RC: Social fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychol Med. 2008, 38: 15-28.PubMedCentralPubMed
364.
Acarturk C, Smit F, de Graaf R, van Straten A, ten Have M, Cuijpers P: Incidence of social phobia and identification of its risk indicators: a model for prevention. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009, 119: 62-70.PubMed
365.
Kessler R, Stein M, Berglund P: Social phobia subtypes in the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Psychiatry. 1998, 155: 613-619.PubMed
366.
Wong N, Sarver DE, Beidel DC: Quality of life impairments among adults with social phobia: the impact of subtype. J Anxiety Disord. 2012, 26: 50-57.PubMedCentralPubMed
367.
Aderka IM, Hofmann SG, Nickerson A, Hermesh H, Gilboa-Schechtman E, Marom S: Functional impairment in social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2012, 26: 393-400.PubMed
368.
Tolman RM, Himle J, Bybee D, Abelson JL, Hoffman J, Van Etten-Lee M: Impact of social anxiety disorder on employment among women receiving welfare benefits. Psychiatr Serv. 2009, 60: 61-66.PubMed
369.
Moitra E, Beard C, Weisberg RB, Keller MB: Occupational impairment and social anxiety disorder in a sample of primary care patients. J Affect Disord. 2011, 130: 209-212.PubMed
370.
Acarturk C, Smit F, de Graaf R, van Straten A, Ten Have M, Cuijpers P: Economic costs of social phobia: a population-based study. J Affect Disord. 2009, 115: 421-429.PubMed
371.
Smit F, Cuijpers P, Oostenbrink J, Batelaan N, de Graaf R, Beekman A: Costs of nine common mental disorders: implications for curative and preventive psychiatry. J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2006, 9: 193-200.PubMed
372.
Filho AS, Hetem LA, Ferrari MC, Trzesniak C, Martin-Santos R, Borduqui T, de Lima Osorio F, Loureiro SR, Busatto Filho G, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA: Social anxiety disorder: what are we losing with the current diagnostic criteria?. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010, 121: 216-226.PubMed
373.
Cox BJ, Turnbull DL, Robinson JA, Grant BF, Stein MB: The effect of avoidant personality disorder on the persistence of generalized social anxiety disorder in the general population: results from a longitudinal, nationally representative mental health survey. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 250-255.PubMed
374.
Kelly MM, Walters C, Phillips KA: Social anxiety and its relationship to functional impairment in body dysmorphic disorder. Behav Ther. 2010, 41: 143-153.PubMed
375.
Coles ME, Phillips KA, Menard W, Pagano ME, Fay C, Weisberg RB, Stout RL: Body dysmorphic disorder and social phobia: cross-sectional and prospective data. Depress Anxiety. 2006, 23: 26-33.PubMedCentralPubMed
376.
Book SW, Thomas SE, Randall PK, Randall CL: Paroxetine reduces social anxiety in individuals with a co-occurring alcohol use disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 310-318.PubMedCentralPubMed
377.
Bernardi S, Faraone SV, Cortese S, Kerridge BT, Pallanti S, Wang S, Blanco C: The lifetime impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Psychol Med. 2012, 42: 875-887.PubMedCentralPubMed
378.
Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Simpson W, Patterson B: Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in an anxiety disorders population. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011, 17: 221-226.PubMed
379.
Stern RG, Petti TA, Bopp K, Tobia A: Aripiprazole for the treatment of schizophrenia with co-occurring social anxiety: an open-label cross-taper study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009, 29: 206-209.PubMed
380.
Bogels SM, Alden L, Beidel DC, Clark LA, Pine DS, Stein MB, Voncken M: Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 168-189.PubMed
381.
Taylor S: Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for social phobia. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1996, 27: 1-9.PubMed
382.
Clark DM, Ehlers A, McManus F, Hackmann A, Fennell M, Campbell H, Flower T, Davenport C, Louis B: Cognitive therapy versus fluoxetine in generalized social phobia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003, 71: 1058-1067.PubMed
383.
Clark D, Agras W: The assessment and treatment of performance anxiety in musicians. Am J Psychiatry. 1991, 148: 598-605.PubMed
384.
Heimberg R, Liebowitz M, Hope D, Schneier F, Holt C, Welkowitz L, Juster H, Campeas R, Bruch M, Cloitre M, et al: Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998, 55: 1133-1141.PubMed
385.
Otto M, Pollack M, Gould R, Worthington J, McArdle E, Rosenbaum J: A comparison of the efficacy of clonazepam and cognitive-behavioral group therapy for the treatment of social phobia. J Anxiety Disord. 2000, 14: 345-358.PubMed
386.
Gelernter C, Uhde T, Cimbolic P, Arnkoff D, Vittone B, Tancer M, Bartko J: Cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments of social phobia. A controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991, 48: 938-945.PubMed
387.
Davidson JR, Foa EB, Huppert JD, Keefe FJ, Franklin ME, Compton JS, Zhao N, Connor KM, Lynch TR, Gadde KM: Fluoxetine, comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy, and placebo in generalized social phobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004, 61: 1005-1013.PubMed
388.
Liebowitz M, Heimberg R, Schneier F, Hope D, Davies S, Holt C, Goetz D, Juster H, Lin S, Bruch M, et al: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy versus phenelzine in social phobia: long-term outcome. Depress Anxiety. 1999, 10: 89-98.PubMed
389.
Haug T, Blomhoff S, Hellstrom K, Holme I, Humble M, Madsbu H, Wold J: Exposure therapy and sertraline in social phobia: I-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2003, 182: 312-318.PubMed
390.
Stangier U, Heidenreich T, Peitz M, Lauterbach W, Clark DM: Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther. 2003, 41: 991-1007.PubMed
391.
Mortberg E, Clark DM, Sundin O, Aberg Wistedt A: Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007, 115: 142-154.PubMed
392.
393.
Salaberria K, Echeburua E: Long-term outcome of cognitive therapy's contribution to self-exposure in vivo to the treatment of generalized social phobia. Behav Modif. 1998, 22: 262-284.PubMed
394.
Clark DM, Ehlers A, Hackmann A, McManus F, Fennell M, Grey N, Waddington L, Wild J: Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006, 74: 568-578.PubMed
395.
Borgeat F, Stankovic M, Khazaal Y, Rouget BW, Baumann MC, Riquier F, O'Connor K, Jermann F, Zullino D, Bondolfi G: Does the form or the amount of exposure make a difference in the cognitive-behavioral therapy treatment of social phobia?. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009, 197: 507-513.PubMed
396.
Smits JA, Powers MB, Buxkamper R, Telch MJ: The efficacy of videotape feedback for enhancing the effects of exposure-based treatment for social anxiety disorder: a controlled investigation. Behav Res Ther. 2006, 44: 1773-1785.PubMed
397.
Alden LE, Taylor CT: Relational treatment strategies increase social approach behaviors in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25: 309-318.PubMed
398.
Lipsitz JD, Gur M, Vermes D, Petkova E, Cheng J, Miller N, Laino J, Liebowitz MR, Fyer AJ: A randomized trial of interpersonal therapy versus supportive therapy for social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2008, 25: 542-553.PubMed
399.
Stangier U, Schramm E, Heidenreich T, Berger M, Clark DM: Cognitive therapy vs interpersonal psychotherapy in social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011, 68: 692-700.PubMed
400.
Borge FM, Hoffart A, Sexton H, Clark DM, Markowitz JC, McManus F: Residential cognitive therapy versus residential interpersonal therapy for social phobia: a randomized clinical trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 991-1010.PubMed
401.
Koszycki D, Benger M, Shlik J, Bradwejn J: Randomized trial of a meditation-based stress reduction program and cognitive behavior therapy in generalized social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2007, 45: 2518-2526.PubMed
402.
Schmidt NB, Richey JA, Buckner JD, Timpano KR: Attention training for generalized social anxiety disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2009, 118: 5-14.PubMed
403.
Li S, Tan J, Qian M, Liu X: Continual training of attentional bias in social anxiety. Behav Res Ther. 2008, 46: 905-912.PubMed
404.
Berger T, Hohl E, Caspar F: Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol. 2009, 65: 1021-1035.PubMed
405.
Carlbring P, Gunnarsdottir M, Hedensjo L, Andersson G, Ekselius L, Furmark T: Treatment of social phobia: randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy with telephone support. Br J Psychiatry. 2007, 190: 123-128.PubMed
406.
Titov N, Andrews G, Choi I, Schwencke G, Mahoney A: Shyness 3: randomized controlled trial of guided versus unguided Internet-based CBT for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008, 42: 1030-1040.PubMed
407.
Titov N, Andrews G, Schwencke G: Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008, 42: 595-605.PubMed
408.
Titov N, Andrews G, Schwencke G, Drobny J, Einstein D: Shyness 1: distance treatment of social phobia over the Internet. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008, 42: 585-594.PubMed
409.
Andersson G, Carlbring P, Holmstrom A, Sparthan E, Furmark T, Nilsson-Ihrfelt E, Buhrman M, Ekselius L: Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006, 74: 677-686.PubMed
410.
Furmark T, Carlbring P, Hedman E, Sonnenstein A, Clevberger P, Bohman B, Eriksson A, Hallen A, Frykman M, Holmstrom A, et al: Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2009, 195: 440-447.PubMed
411.
Berger T, Caspar F, Richardson R, Kneubuhler B, Sutter D, Andersson G: Internet-based treatment of social phobia: a randomized controlled trial comparing unguided with two types of guided self-help. Behav Res Ther. 2011, 49: 158-169.PubMed
412.
Rapee RM, Abbott MJ, Baillie AJ, Gaston JE: Treatment of social phobia through pure self-help and therapist-augmented self-help. Br J Psychiatry. 2007, 191: 246-252.PubMed
413.
Tillfors M, Carlbring P, Furmark T, Lewenhaupt S, Spak M, Eriksson A, Westling BE, Andersson G: Treating university students with social phobia and public speaking fears: Internet delivered self-help with or without live group exposure sessions. Depress Anxiety. 2008, 25: 708-717.PubMed
414.
Hedman E, Andersson G, Ljotsson B, Andersson E, Ruck C, Mortberg E, Lindefors N: Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy vs. cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. PLoS One. 2011, 6: e18001-PubMedCentralPubMed
415.
Andrews G, Davies M, Titov N: Effectiveness randomized controlled trial of face to face versus Internet cognitive behaviour therapy for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011, 45: 337-340.PubMed
416.
Hedman E, Andersson E, Ljotsson B, Andersson G, Ruck C, Lindefors N: Cost-effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy vs. cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: results from a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2011, 49: 729-736.PubMed
417.
Prasko J, Dockery C, Horacek J, Houbova P, Kosova J, Klaschka J, Paskova B, Praskova H, Seifertova D, Zalesky R, Hoschl C: Moclobemide and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of social phobia. A six-month controlled study and 24 months follow up. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2006, 27: 473-481.PubMed
418.
Blanco C, Heimberg RG, Schneier FR, Fresco DM, Chen H, Turk CL, Vermes D, Erwin BA, Schmidt AB, Juster HR, et al: A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010, 67: 286-295.PubMedCentralPubMed
419.
Guastella AJ, Richardson R, Lovibond PF, Rapee RM, Gaston JE, Mitchell P, Dadds MR: A randomized controlled trial of d-cycloserine enhancement of exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2008, 63: 544-549.PubMed
420.
Hofmann SG, Meuret AE, Smits JA, Simon NM, Pollack MH, Eisenmenger K, Shiekh M, Otto MW: Augmentation of exposure therapy with d-cycloserine for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006, 63: 298-304.PubMed
421.
Knijnik DZ, Blanco C, Salum GA, Moraes CU, Mombach C, Almeida E, Pereira M, Strapasson A, Manfro GG, Eizirik CL: A pilot study of clonazepam versus psychodynamic group therapy plus clonazepam in the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2008, 23: 567-574.PubMedCentralPubMed
422.
Watanabe N, Furukawa TA, Chen J, Kinoshita Y, Nakano Y, Ogawa S, Funayama T, Ietsugu T, Noda Y: Change in quality of life and their predictors in the long-term follow-up after group cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: a prospective cohort study. BMC Psychiatry. 2010, 10: 81-PubMedCentralPubMed
423.
Carlbring P, Nordgren LB, Furmark T, Andersson G: Long-term outcome of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for social phobia: a 30-month follow-up. Behav Res Ther. 2009, 47: 848-850.PubMed
424.
Hedman E, Furmark T, Carlbring P, Ljotsson B, Ruck C, Lindefors N, Andersson G: A 5-year follow-up of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Med Internet Res. 2011, 13: e39-PubMedCentralPubMed
425.
Mortberg E, Clark DM, Bejerot S: Intensive group cognitive therapy and individual cognitive therapy for social phobia: sustained improvement at 5-year follow-up. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25: 994-1000.PubMed
426.
van der Linden G, Stein D, van Balkom A: The efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for social anxiety disorder (social phobia): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000, 15 (Suppl 2): S15-23.PubMed
427.
Canton J, Scott KM, Glue P: Optimal treatment of social phobia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2012, 8: 203-215.PubMedCentralPubMed
428.
Stein DJ, Ipser JC, Balkom AJ: Pharmacotherapy for social phobia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004, : CD001206-
429.
Hedges DW, Brown BL, Shwalb DA, Godfrey K, Larcher AM: The efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adult social anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. J Psychopharmacol. 2007, 21: 102-111.PubMed
430.
Kasper S, Stein D, Loft H, Nil R: Escitalopram in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: Randomised, placebo-controlled, flexible-dosage study. Br J Psychiatry. 2005, 186: 222-226.PubMed
431.
Lader M, Stender K, Burger V, Nil R: Efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in 12- and 24-week treatment of social anxiety disorder: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study. Depress Anxiety. 2004, 19: 241-248.PubMed
432.
Pallanti S, Quercioli L: Resistant social anxiety disorder response to escitalopram. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2006, 2: 35-PubMedCentralPubMed
433.
van Vliet I, den Boer J, Westenberg H: Psychopharmacological treatment of social phobia; a double blind placebo controlled study with fluvoxamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994, 115: 128-134.
434.
Stein M, Fyer A, Davidson J, Pollack M, Wiita B: Fluvoxamine treatment of social phobia (social anxiety disorder): a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 1999, 156: 756-760.PubMed
435.
Asakura S, Tajima O, Koyama T: Fluvoxamine treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder in Japan: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007, 10: 263-274.PubMed
436.
Davidson J, Yaryura-Tobias J, Du Pont R, Stallings L, Barbato L, van dHR, Li D: Fluvoxamine-controlled release formulation for the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004, 24: 118-125.PubMed
437.
Westenberg H, Stein D, Yang H, Li D, Barbato L: A double-blind placebo-controlled study of controlled release fluvoxamine for the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004, 24: 49-55.PubMed
438.
Allgulander C: Paroxetine in social anxiety disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999, 100: 193-198.PubMed
439.
Allgulander C, Mangano R, Zhang J, Dahl AA, Lepola U, Sjodin I, Emilien G: Efficacy of venlafaxine ER in patients with social anxiety disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison with paroxetine. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004, 19: 387-396.PubMed
440.
Baldwin D, Bobes J, Stein D, Scharwachter I, Faure M: Paroxetine in social phobia/social anxiety disorder. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Paroxetine Study Group. Br J Psychiatry. 1999, 175: 120-126.PubMed
441.
Liebowitz M, Gelenberg A, Munjack D: Venlafaxine extended release vs placebo and paroxetine in social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005, 62: 190-198.PubMed
442.
Liebowitz M, Stein M, Tancer M, Carpenter D, Oakes R, Pitts C: A randomized, double-blind, fixed-dose comparison of paroxetine and placebo in the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002, 63: 66-74.PubMed
443.
Stein D, Berk M, Els C, Emsley R, Gittelson L, Wilson D, Oakes R, Hunter B: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in the management of social phobia (social anxiety disorder) in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 1999, 89: 402-406.PubMed
444.
Stein M, Liebowitz M, Lydiard R, Pitts C, Bushnell W, Gergel I: Paroxetine treatment of generalized social phobia (social anxiety disorder): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998, 280: 708-713.PubMed
445.
Katzelnick D, Kobak K, Greist J, Jefferson J, Mantle J, Serlin R: Sertraline for social phobia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Am J Psychiatry. 1995, 152: 1368-1371.PubMed
446.
Liebowitz M, De Martinis N, Weihs K, Londborg P, Smith W, Chung H, Fayyad R, Clary C: Efficacy of sertraline in severe generalized social anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003, 64: 785-792.PubMed
447.
Van Ameringen M, Lane R, Walker J, Bowen R, Chokka P, Goldner E, Johnston D, Lavallee Y, Nandy S, Pecknold J, et al: Sertraline treatment of generalized social phobia: a 20-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2001, 158: 275-281.PubMed
448.
Blomhoff S, Haug T, Hellstrom K, Holme I, Humble M, Madsbu H, Wold J: Randomised controlled general practice trial of sertraline, exposure therapy and combined treatment in generalised social phobia. Br J Psychiatry. 2001, 179: 23-30.PubMed
449.
Kobak K, Greist J, Jefferson J, Katzelnick D: Fluoxetine in social phobia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002, 22: 257-262.PubMed
450.
Atmaca M, Kuloglu M, Tezcan E, Unal A: Efficacy of citalopram and moclobemide in patients with social phobia: some preliminary findings. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2002, 17: 401-405.PubMed
451.
Furmark T, Appel L, Michelgard A, Wahlstedt K, Ahs F, Zancan S, Jacobsson E, Flyckt K, Grohp M, Bergstrom M, et al: Cerebral blood flow changes after treatment of social phobia with the neurokinin-1 antagonist GR205171, citalopram, or placebo. Biol Psychiatry. 2005, 58: 132-142.PubMed
452.
Lepola U, Bergtholdt B, St Lambert J, Davy KL, Ruggiero L: Controlled-release paroxetine in the treatment of patients with social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 222-229.PubMed
453.
Schutters S, van Megen H, Van Veen J, Schruers K, Westenberg H: Paroxetine augmentation in patients with generalised social anxiety disorder, non-responsive to mirtazapine or placebo. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp. 2011, 26: 72-76.
454.
Liebowitz M, Mangano R, Bradwejn J, Asnis G: A randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine extended release in generalized social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 238-247.PubMed
455.
Rickels K, Mangano R, Khan A: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a flexible dose of venlafaxine ER in adult outpatients with generalized social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004, 24: 488-496.PubMed
456.
Stein M, Pollack M, Bystritsky A, Kelsey J, Mangano R: Efficacy of low and higher dose extended-release venlafaxine in generalized social anxiety disorder: a 6-month randomized controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005, 177: 280-288.
457.
Simon NM, Worthington JJ, Moshier SJ, Marks EH, Hoge EA, Brandes M, Delong H, Pollack MH: Duloxetine for the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized trial of increased dose to optimize response. CNS Spectr. 2010, 15: 367-373.PubMed
458.
Gringras M: An uncontrolled trial of clomipramine (Anafranil) in the treatment of phobic and obsessional states in general practice. J Int Med Res. 1977, 5 (Suppl 5): 111-115.PubMed
459.
Beaumont G: A large open multicentre trial of clomipramine (Anafranil) in the management of phobic disorders. J Int Med Res. 1977, 5 (Suppl 5): 116-123.PubMed
460.
Simpson H, Schneier F, Campeas R, Marshall R, Fallon B, Davies S, Klein D, Liebowitz M: Imipramine in the treatment of social phobia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998, 18: 132-135.PubMed
461.
Liebowitz M, Schneier F, Campeas R, Hollander E, Hatterer J, Fyer A, Gorman J, Papp L, Davies S, Gully R, et al: Phenelzine vs atenolol in social phobia. A placebo-controlled comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992, 49: 290-300.PubMed
462.
Versiani M, Nardi A, Mundim F, Alves A, Liebowitz M, Amrein R: Pharmacotherapy of social phobia. A controlled study with moclobemide and phenelzine. Br J Psychiatry. 1992, 161: 353-360.PubMed
463.
International Multicenter Clinical Trial Group on Moclobemide in Social Phobia: Moclobemide in social phobia. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997, 247: 71-80.
464.
Stein D, Cameron A, Amrein R, Montgomery S: Moclobemide is effective and well tolerated in the long-term pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder with or without comorbid anxiety disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002, 17: 161-170.PubMed
465.
Noyes R, Moroz G, Davidson J, Liebowitz M, Davidson A, Siegel J, Bell J, Cain J, Curlik S, Kent T, et al: Moclobemide in social phobia: a controlled dose-response trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997, 17: 247-254.PubMed
466.
Schneier F, Goetz D, Campeas R, Fallon B, Marshall R, Liebowitz M: Placebo-controlled trial of moclobemide in social phobia. Br J Psychiatry. 1998, 172: 70-77.PubMed
467.
Schutters SI, Van Megen HJ, Van Veen JF, Denys DA, Westenberg HG: Mirtazapine in generalized social anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010, 25: 302-304.PubMed
468.
Muehlbacher M, Nickel MK, Nickel C, Kettler C, Lahmann C, Pedrosa Gil F, Leiberich PK, Rother N, Bachler E, Fartacek R, et al: Mirtazapine treatment of social phobia in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005, 25: 580-583.PubMed
469.
Emmanuel NP, Brawman-Mintzer O, Morton WA, Book SW, Johnson MR, Lorberbaum JP, Ballenger JC, Lydiard RB: Bupropion-SR in treatment of social phobia. Depress Anxiety. 2000, 12: 111-113.PubMed
470.
Davidson J, Potts N, Richichi E, Krishnan R, Ford S, Smith R, Wilson W: Treatment of social phobia with clonazepam and placebo. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993, 13: 423-428.PubMed
471.
Munjack D, Baltazar P, Bohn P, Cabe D, Appleton A: Clonazepam in the treatment of social phobia: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990, 51 (Suppl): 35-40. discussion 50-33PubMed
472.
Versiani M, Nardi A, Figuera I, Marques C: Double-blind placebo controlled trial with bromazepam in social phobia. J Bras Psiquiatr. 1997, 46: 167-171.
473.
Seedat S, Stein M: Double-blind, placebo-controlled assessment of combined clonazepam with paroxetine compared with paroxetine monotherapy for generalized social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 244-248.PubMed
474.
Pande A, Feltner D, Jefferson J, Davidson J, Pollack M, Stein M, Lydiard R, Futterer R, Robinson P, Slomkowski M, et al: Efficacy of the novel anxiolytic pregabalin in social anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004, 24: 141-149.PubMed
475.
Feltner DE, Liu-Dumaw M, Schweizer E, Bielski R: Efficacy of pregabalin in generalized social anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 26: 213-220.PubMed
476.
Pande A, Davidson J, Jefferson J, Janney C, Katzelnick D, Weisler R, Greist J, Sutherland S: Treatment of social phobia with gabapentin: a placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999, 19: 341-348.PubMed
477.
Urbano MR, Spiegel DR, Laguerta N, Shrader CJ, Rowe DF, Hategan LF: Gabapentin and tiagabine for social anxiety: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of 8 adults [Letter]. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2009, 11: 123-PubMedCentralPubMed
478.
Zhang W, Connor KM, Davidson JR: Levetiracetam in social phobia: a placebo controlled pilot study. J Psychopharmacol. 2005, 19: 551-553.PubMed
479.
Simon NM, Worthington JJ, Doyle AC, Hoge EA, Kinrys G, Fischmann D, Link N, Pollack MH: An open-label study of levetiracetam for the treatment of social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 1219-1222.PubMed
480.
Stein MB, Ravindran LN, Simon NM, Liebowitz MR, Khan A, Brawman-Mintzer O, Lydiard RB, Pollack MH: Levetiracetam in generalized social anxiety disorder: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010, 71: 627-631.PubMed
481.
Kinrys G, Pollack MH, Simon NM, Worthington JJ, Nardi AE, Versiani M: Valproic acid for the treatment of social anxiety disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003, 18: 169-172.PubMed
482.
Dunlop BW, Papp L, Garlow SJ, Weiss PS, Knight BT, Ninan PT: Tiagabine for social anxiety disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2007, 22: 241-244.PubMed
483.
Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Pipe B, Oakman J, Bennett M: An open trial of topiramate in the treatment of generalized social phobia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 1674-1678.PubMed
484.
Turner SM, Beidel DC, Jacob RG: Social phobia: a comparison of behavior therapy and atenolol. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994, 62: 350-358.PubMed
485.
van Vliet I, den Boer J, Westenberg H, Pian K: Clinical effects of buspirone in social phobia: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997, 58: 164-168.PubMed
486.
Ravindran LN, Kim DS, Letamendi AM, Stein MB: A randomized controlled trial of atomoxetine in generalized social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009, 29: 561-564.PubMed
487.
Adler LA, Liebowitz M, Kronenberger W, Qiao M, Rubin R, Hollandbeck M, Deldar A, Schuh K, Durell T: Atomoxetine treatment in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2009, 26: 212-221.PubMed
488.
Falloon IR, Lloyd GG, Harpin RE: The treatment of social phobia. Real-life rehearsal with nonprofessional therapists. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1981, 169: 180-184.PubMed
489.
Simpson HB, Schneier FR, Marshall RD, Campeas RB, Vermes D, Silvestre J, Davies S, Liebowitz MR: Low dose selegiline (L-Deprenyl) in social phobia. Depress Anxiety. 1998, 7: 126-129.PubMed
490.
Villarreal G, Johnson MR, Rubey R, Lydiard RB, Ballanger JC: Treatment of social phobia with the dopamine agonist pergolide. Depress Anxiety. 2000, 11: 45-47.PubMed
491.
Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Wilson C: Buspirone augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in social phobia. J Affect Disord. 1996, 39: 115-121.PubMed
492.
Stein M, Sareen J, Hami S, Chao J: Pindolol potentiation of paroxetine for generalized social phobia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Am J Psychiatry. 2001, 158: 1725-1727.PubMed
493.
Barnett S, Kramer M, Casat C, Connor K, Davidson J: Efficacy of olanzapine in social anxiety disorder: a pilot study. J Psychopharmacol. 2002, 16: 365-368.PubMed
494.
Schutters SI, van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG: Efficacy of quetiapine in generalized social anxiety disorder: results from an open-label study [Letter]. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 540-542.PubMed
495.
Vaishnavi S, Alamy S, Zhang W, Connor KM, Davidson JR: Quetiapine as monotherapy for social anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007, 31: 1464-1469.PubMed
496.
Worthington J, Kinrys G, Wygant L, Pollack M: Aripiprazole as an augmentor of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression and anxiety disorder patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005, 20: 9-11.PubMed
497.
Donovan MR, Glue P, Kolluri S, Emir B: Comparative efficacy of antidepressants in preventing relapse in anxiety disorders - a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2010, 123: 9-16.PubMed
498.
Greist JH, Liu-Dumaw M, Schweizer E, Feltner D: Efficacy of pregabalin in preventing relapse in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled 26-week study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 26: 243-251.PubMed
499.
Stein D, Westenberg H, Yang H, Li D, Barbato L: Fluvoxamine CR in the long-term treatment of social anxiety disorder: the 12- to 24-week extension phase of a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003, 6: 317-323.PubMed
500.
Versiani M, Amrein R, Montgomery S: Social phobia: long-term treatment outcome and prediction of response--a moclobemide study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997, 12: 239-254.PubMed
501.
Fontani V, Mannu P, Castagna A, Rinaldi S: Social anxiety disorder: radio electric asymmetric conveyor brain stimulation versus sertraline. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2011, 5: 581-586.PubMedCentralPubMed
502.
Kobak K, Taylor L, Warner G, Futterer R: St. John's wort versus placebo in social phobia: results from a placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005, 25: 51-58.PubMed
503.
Gwynn RC, McQuistion HL, McVeigh KH, Garg RK, Frieden TR, Thorpe LE: Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of depression and generalized anxiety disorder in a diverse urban community. Psychiatr Serv. 2008, 59: 641-647.PubMed
504.
Asnaani A, Richey JA, Dimaite R, Hinton DE, Hofmann SG: A cross-ethnic comparison of lifetime prevalence rates of anxiety disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010, 198: 551-555.PubMedCentralPubMed
505.
Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, June Ruan W, Goldstein RB, Smith SM, Saha TD, Huang B: Prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2005, 35: 1747-1759.PubMed
506.
Albano A, Chorpita B, Barlow D: Childhood anxiety disorders. Child psychopathology. Edited by: Mash E, Barkley R. 2003, New York, NY: Guilford, 279-329. 2
507.
Beesdo K, Pine DS, Lieb R, Wittchen HU: Incidence and risk patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders and categorization of generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010, 67: 47-57.PubMed
508.
Ansseau M, Fischler B, Dierick M, Albert A, Leyman S, Mignon A: Socioeconomic correlates of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression in primary care: the GADIS II study (Generalized Anxiety and Depression Impact Survey II). Depress Anxiety. 2008, 25: 506-513.PubMed
509.
Byers AL, Yaffe K, Covinsky KE, Friedman MB, Bruce ML: High occurrence of mood and anxiety disorders among older adults: the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010, 67: 489-496.PubMedCentralPubMed
510.
Mackenzie CS, Reynolds K, Chou KL, Pagura J, Sareen J: Prevalence and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder in a national sample of older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011, 19: 305-315.PubMed
511.
Revicki DA, Travers K, Wyrwich KW, Svedsater H, Locklear J, Mattera MS, Sheehan DV, Montgomery S: Humanistic and economic burden of generalized anxiety disorder in North America and Europe. J Affect Disord. 2012, 140: 103-112.PubMed
512.
Baldwin DS, Allgulander C, Bandelow B, Ferre F, Pallanti S: An international survey of reported prescribing practice in the treatment of patients with generalised anxiety disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2012, 13: 510-516.PubMed
513.
Weisberg RB, Beard C, Pagano ME, Maki KM, Culpepper L, Keller MB: Impairment and functioning in a sample of primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder: results from the primary care anxiety project. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2010, 12: doi 10.4088/PCC.4009m00890blu
514.
Zhu B, Zhao Z, Ye W, Marciniak MD, Swindle R: The cost of comorbid depression and pain for individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009, 197: 136-139.PubMed
515.
Romera I, Fernandez-Perez S, Montejo AL, Caballero F, Caballero L, Arbesu JA, Delgado-Cohen H, Desaiah D, Polavieja P, Gilaberte I: Generalized anxiety disorder, with or without co-morbid major depressive disorder, in primary care: prevalence of painful somatic symptoms, functioning and health status. J Affect Disord. 2010, 127: 160-168.PubMed
516.
Garcia-Campayo J, Caballero F, Perez M, Lopez V: Pain related factors in newly diagnosed generalized anxiety disorder patients. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2012, 40: 177-186.PubMed
517.
Beesdo K, Hoyer J, Jacobi F, Low NC, Hofler M, Wittchen HU: Association between generalized anxiety levels and pain in a community sample: evidence for diagnostic specificity. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 684-693.PubMed
518.
Martens EJ, de Jonge P, Na B, Cohen BE, Lett H, Whooley MA: Scared to death? Generalized anxiety disorder and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease:The Heart and Soul Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010, 67: 750-758.PubMed
519.
Tyrer P, Seivewright H, Johnson T: The Nottingham Study of Neurotic Disorder: predictors of 12-year outcome of dysthymic, panic and generalized anxiety disorder. Psychol Med. 2004, 34: 1385-1394.PubMed
520.
Covin R, Ouimet AJ, Seeds PM, Dozois DJ: A meta-analysis of CBT for pathological worry among clients with GAD. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 108-116.PubMed
521.
Linden M, Zubraegel D, Baer T, Franke U, Schlattmann P: Efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy in generalized anxiety disorders. Results of a controlled clinical trial (Berlin CBT-GAD Study). Psychother Psychosom. 2005, 74: 36-42.PubMed
522.
Borkovec T, Newman M, Pincus A, Lytle R: A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and the role of interpersonal problems. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002, 70: 288-298.PubMed
523.
Ferrero A, Piero A, Fassina S, Massola T, Lanteri A, Daga GA, Fassino S: A 12-month comparison of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy treatment in subjects with generalised anxiety disorders in a community setting. Eur Psychiatry. 2007, 22: 530-539.PubMed
524.
Robinson E, Titov N, Andrews G, McIntyre K, Schwencke G, Solley K: Internet treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial comparing clinician vs. technician assistance. PLoS One. 2010, 5: e10942-PubMedCentralPubMed
525.
Paxling B, Almlov J, Dahlin M, Carlbring P, Breitholtz E, Eriksson T, Andersson G: Guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther. 2011, 40: 159-173.PubMed
526.
Gorini A, Pallavicini F, Algeri D, Repetto C, Gaggioli A, Riva G: Virtual reality in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorders. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2010, 154: 39-43.PubMed
527.
den Boer PC, Wiersma D, Ten Vaarwerk I, Span MM, Stant AD, Van den Bosch RJ: Cognitive self-therapy for chronic depression and anxiety: a multi-centre randomized controlled study. Psychol Med. 2007, 37: 329-339.PubMed
528.
Wells A, Welford M, King P, Papageorgiou C, Wisely J, Mendel E: A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010, 48: 429-434.PubMed
529.
Conrad A, Isaac L, Roth WT: The psychophysiology of generalized anxiety disorder: 2. Effects of applied relaxation. Psychophysiology. 2008, 45: 377-388.PubMed
530.
Dugas MJ, Brillon P, Savard P, Turcotte J, Gaudet A, Ladouceur R, Leblanc R, Gervais NJ: A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Ther. 2010, 41: 46-58.PubMedCentralPubMed
531.
Dubois O, Salamon R, Germain C, Poirier MF, Vaugeois C, Banwarth B, Mouaffak F, Galinowski A, Olie JP: Balneotherapy versus paroxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Complement Ther Med. 2010, 18: 1-7.PubMed
532.
Dugas MJ, Marchand A, Ladouceur R: Further validation of a cognitive-behavioral model of generalized anxiety disorder: diagnostic and symptom specificity. J Anxiety Disord. 2005, 19: 329-343.PubMed
533.
Roemer L, Orsillo SM, Salters-Pedneault K: Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008, 76: 1083-1089.PubMedCentralPubMed
534.
van der Heiden C, Muris P, van der Molen HT: Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2012, 50: 100-109.PubMed
535.
Hoyer J, Beesdo K, Gloster AT, Runge J, Hofler M, Becker ES: Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom. 2009, 78: 106-115.PubMed
536.
Riskind JH, Williams NL, Joiner TE: The looming cognitive style: A cognitive vulnerability for anxiety disorders. J Social Clin Psychol. 2006, 25: 779-801.
537.
Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, Kachele H, Kreische R, Leweke F, Ruger U, Winkelbach C, Leibing E: Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2009, 166: 875-881.PubMed
538.
Newman MG, Castonguay LG, Borkovec TD, Fisher AJ, Boswell JF, Szkodny LE, Nordberg SS: A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with integrated techniques from emotion-focused and interpersonal therapies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011, 79: 171-181.PubMedCentralPubMed
539.
Aviram A, Westra HA: The impact of motivational interviewing on resistance in cognitive behavioural therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Res. 2011, 21: 698-708.PubMed
540.
Westra HA, Arkowitz H, Dozois DJ: Adding a motivational interviewing pretreatment to cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 1106-1117.PubMedCentralPubMed
541.
Crits-Christoph P, Newman MG, Rickels K, Gallop R, Gibbons MB, Hamilton JL, Ring-Kurtz S, Pastva AM: Combined medication and cognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25: 1087-1094.PubMedCentralPubMed
542.
Gosselin P, Ladouceur R, Morin CM, Dugas MJ, Baillargeon L: Benzodiazepine discontinuation among adults with GAD: A randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006, 74: 908-919.PubMed
543.
Salzer S, Winkelbach C, Leweke F, Leibing E, Leichsenring F: Long-term effects of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: 12-month follow-up. Can J Psychiatry. 2011, 56: 503-508.PubMed
544.
Davidson J, Bose A, Korotzer A, Zheng H: Escitalopram in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: double-blind, placebo controlled, flexible-dose study. Depress Anxiety. 2004, 19: 234-240.PubMed
545.
Goodman WK, Bose A, Wang Q: Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with escitalopram: pooled results from double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. J Affect Disord. 2005, 87: 161-167.PubMed
546.
Bielski RJ, Bose A, Chang CC: A double-blind comparison of escitalopram and paroxetine in the long-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 17: 65-69.PubMed
547.
Baldwin DS, Huusom AK, Maehlum E: Escitalopram and paroxetine in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder: randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Br J Psychiatry. 2006, 189: 264-272.PubMed
548.
Bose A, Korotzer A, Gommoll C, Li D: Randomized placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram and venlafaxine XR in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2008, 25: 854-861.PubMed
549.
Bystritsky A, Kerwin L, Feusner JD, Vapnik T: A pilot controlled trial of bupropion XL versus escitalopram in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2008, 41: 46-51.PubMed
550.
Lenze EJ, Rollman BL, Shear MK, Dew MA, Pollock BG, Ciliberti C, Costantino M, Snyder S, Shi P, Spitznagel E, et al: Escitalopram for older adults with generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009, 301: 295-303.PubMedCentralPubMed
551.
Merideth C, Cutler AJ, She F, Eriksson H: Efficacy and tolerability of extended release quetiapine fumarate monotherapy in the acute treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, placebo controlled and active-controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012, 27: 40-54.PubMed
552.
Coric V, Feldman HH, Oren DA, Shekhar A, Pultz J, Dockens RC, Wu X, Gentile KA, Huang SP, Emison E, et al: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active comparator and placebo-controlled trial of a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 antagonist in generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 417-425.PubMed
553.
Kapczinski F, Lima MS, Souza JS, Schmitt R: Antidepressants for generalized anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003, CD003592-
554.
Rickels K, Zaninelli R, McCafferty J, Bellew K, Iyengar M, Sheehan D: Paroxetine treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2003, 160: 749-756.PubMed
555.
Pollack M, Zaninelli R, Goddard A, McCafferty J, Bellew K, Burnham D, Iyengar M: Paroxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a placebo-controlled, flexible-dosage trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001, 62: 350-357.PubMed
556.
Ball S, Kuhn A, Wall D, Shekhar A, Goddard A: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, prospective comparison between paroxetine and sertraline. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 94-99.PubMed
557.
Bandelow B, Chouinard G, Bobes J, Ahokas A, Eggens I, Liu S, Eriksson H: Extended-release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR): a once-daily monotherapy effective in generalized anxiety disorder. Data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010, 13: 305-320.PubMed
558.
Kim TS, Pae CU, Yoon SJ, Bahk WM, Jun TY, Rhee WI, Chae JH: Comparison of venlafaxine extended release versus paroxetine for treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006, 60: 347-351.PubMed
559.
Allgulander C, Dahl A, Austin C, Morris P, Sogaard J, Fayyad R, Kutcher S, Clary C: Efficacy of sertraline in a 12-week trial for generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004, 161: 1642-1649.PubMed
560.
Brawman-Mintzer O, Knapp RG, Rynn M, Carter RE, Rickels K: Sertraline treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 874-881.PubMed
561.
Mokhber N, Azarpazhooh MR, Khajehdaluee M, Velayati A, Hopwood M: Randomized, single-blind, trial of sertraline and buspirone for treatment of elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010, 64: 128-133.PubMed
562.
Varia I, Rauscher F: Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with citalopram. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002, 17: 103-107.PubMed
563.
Simon NM, Zalta AK, Worthington JJ, Hoge EA, Christian KM, Stevens JC, Pollack MH: Preliminary support for gender differences in response to fluoxetine for generalized anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2006, 23: 373-376.PubMed
564.
Gross PK, Nourse R, Wasser TE, Krulewicz S: Effects of paroxetine CR on depressive and anxiety symptoms: in a community sample of adult Hispanic women with major depression or generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2006, 3: 64-68.
565.
Simon NM, Connor KM, LeBeau RT, Hoge EA, Worthington JJ, Zhang W, Davidson JR, Pollack MH: Quetiapine augmentation of paroxetine CR for the treatment of refractory generalized anxiety disorder: preliminary findings. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008, 197: 675-681.
566.
Rynn M, Russell J, Erickson J, Detke MJ, Ball S, Dinkel J, Rickels K, Raskin J: Efficacy and safety of duloxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a flexible-dose, progressive-titration, placebo-controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2008, 25: 182-189.PubMed
567.
Koponen H, Allgulander C, Erickson J, Dunayevich E, Pritchett Y, Detke MJ, Ball SG, Russell JM: Efficacy of duloxetine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: implications for primary care physicians. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2007, 9: 100-107.PubMedCentralPubMed
568.
Wu WY, Wang G, Ball SG, Desaiah D, Ang QQ: Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder in China. Chin Med J (Engl). 2011, 124: 3260-3268.
569.
Allgulander C, Hartford J, Russell J, Ball S, Erickson J, Raskin J, Rynn M: Pharmacotherapy of generalized anxiety disorder: results of duloxetine treatment from a pooled analysis of three clinical trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007, 23: 1245-1252.PubMed
570.
Hartford J, Kornstein S, Liebowitz M, Pigott T, Russell J, Detke M, Walker D, Ball S, Dunayevich E, Dinkel J, Erickson J: Duloxetine as an SNRI treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: results from a placebo and active-controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007, 22: 167-174.PubMed
571.
Allgulander C, Nutt D, Detke M, Erickson J, Spann M, Walker D, Ball SG, Russell JM: A non-inferiority comparison of duloxetine and venlafaxine in the treatment of adult patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Psychopharmacol. 2008, 22: 417-425.PubMed
572.
Davidson J, Du Pont R, Hedges D, Haskins J: Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of venlafaxine extended release and buspirone in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999, 60: 528-535.PubMed
573.
Nimatoudis I, Zissis N, Kogeorgos J, Theodoropoulou S, Vidalis A, Kaprinis G: Remission rates with venlafaxine extended release in Greek outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004, 19: 331-336.PubMed
574.
Rickels K, Pollack M, Sheehan D, Haskins J: Efficacy of extended-release venlafaxine in nondepressed outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2000, 157: 968-974.PubMed
575.
Katz I, Reynolds C, Alexopoulos G, Hackett D: Venlafaxine ER as a treatment for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: pooled analysis of five randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002, 50: 18-25.PubMed
576.
Montgomery SA, Tobias K, Zornberg GL, Kasper S, Pande AC: Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 6-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of pregabalin and venlafaxine. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 771-782.PubMed
577.
Kasper S, Herman B, Nivoli G, Van Ameringen M, Petralia A, Mandel FS, Baldinetti F, Bandelow B: Efficacy of pregabalin and venlafaxine-XR in generalized anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled 8-week trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009, 24: 87-96.PubMed
578.
Allgulander C, Hackett D, Salinas E: Venlafaxine extended release (ER) in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder: twenty-four-week placebo-controlled dose-ranging study. Br J Psychiatry. 2001, 179: 15-22.PubMed
579.
Gelenberg A, Lydiard R, Rudolph R, Aguiar L, Haskins J, Salinas E: Efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release capsules in nondepressed outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder: A 6-month randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000, 283: 3082-3088.PubMed
580.
Lenox-Smith AJ, Reynolds A: A double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled study of venlafaxine XL in patients with generalised anxiety disorder in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2003, 53: 772-777.PubMedCentralPubMed
581.
Hoehn-Saric R, McLeod D, Zimmerli W: Differential effects of alprazolam and imipramine in generalized anxiety disorder: somatic versus psychic symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry. 1988, 49: 293-301.PubMed
582.
Rocca P, Fonzo V, Scotta M, Zanalda E, Ravizza L: Paroxetine efficacy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997, 95: 444-450.PubMed
583.
Rickels K, Downing R, Schweizer E, Hassman H: Antidepressants for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. A placebo-controlled comparison of imipramine, trazodone, and diazepam. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993, 50: 884-895.PubMed
584.
Stein DJ, Ahokas AA, de Bodinat C: Efficacy of agomelatine in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008, 28: 561-566.PubMed
585.
Stein D, Marquez M, Hoschl C, Ahokas A, Oh K-S, Jarema M, Avedisova A, Vavrusova L, Olivier V: Efficacy and tolerability of agomelatine in generalized anxiety disorder: A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial with escitalopram as active control [poster]. 28th CINP Congress; Jun 3-7; Stockholm, Sweden. 2012
586.
Rothschild AJ, Mahableshwarkar AR, Jacobsen P, Yan M, Sheehan DV: Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) 5mg in generalized anxiety disorder: Results of an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in the United States. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012, 22: 858-866.PubMed
587.
Bidzan L, Mahableshwarkar AR, Jacobsen P, Yan M, Sheehan DV: Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) in generalized anxiety disorder: Results of an 8-week, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012, 22: 847-857.PubMed
588.
Gambi F, De Berardis D, Campanella D, Carano A, Sepede G, Salini G, Mezzano D, Cicconetti A, Penna L, Salerno RM, Ferro FM: Mirtazapine treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a fixed dose, open label study. J Psychopharmacol. 2005, 19: 483-487.PubMed
589.
Mitte K, Noack P, Steil R, Hautzinger M: A meta-analytic review of the efficacy of drug treatment in generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005, 25: 141-150.PubMed
590.
Lydiard R, Ballenger J, Rickels K: A double-blind evaluation of the safety and efficacy of abecarnil, alprazolam, and placebo in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. Abecarnil Work Group. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997, 58 (Suppl 11): 11-18.PubMed
591.
Moller H, Volz H, Reimann I, Stoll K: Opipramol for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled trial including an alprazolam-treated group. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001, 21: 59-65.PubMed
592.
Rickels K, Pollack MH, Feltner DE, Lydiard RB, Zimbroff DL, Bielski RJ, Tobias K, Brock JD, Zornberg GL, Pande AC: Pregabalin for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 4-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pregabalin and alprazolam. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005, 62: 1022-1030.PubMed
593.
Lydiard RB, Rickels K, Herman B, Feltner DE: Comparative efficacy of pregabalin and benzodiazepines in treating the psychic and somatic symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010, 13: 229-241.PubMed
594.
Llorca P, Spadone C, Sol O, Danniau A, Bougerol T, Corruble E, Faruch M, Macher J, Sermet E, Servant D: Efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 3-month double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002, 63: 1020-1027.PubMed
595.
Rickels K, Schweizer E, De Martinis N, Mandos L, Mercer C: Gepirone and diazepam in generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997, 17: 272-277.PubMed
596.
Rickels K, DeMartinis N, Aufdembrinke B: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of abecarnil and diazepam in the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000, 20: 12-18.PubMed
597.
Feltner D, Crockatt J, Dubovsky S, Cohn C, Shrivastava R, Targum S, Liu-Dumaw M, Carter C, Pande A: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, multicenter study of pregabalin in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003, 23: 240-249.PubMed
598.
Laakmann G, Schule C, Lorkowski G, Baghai T, Kuhn K, Ehrentraut S: Buspirone and lorazepam in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in outpatients. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998, 136: 357-366.
599.
Fresquet A, Sust M, Lloret A, Murphy M, Carter F, Campbell G, Marion-Landais G: Efficacy and safety of lesopitron in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2000, 34: 147-153.PubMed
600.
Woelk H, Schlafke S: A multi-center, double-blind, randomised study of the lavender oil preparation Silexan in comparison to lorazepam for generalized anxiety disorder. Phytomedicine. 2010, 17: 94-99.PubMed
601.
Herrera-Arellano A, Jimenez-Ferrer E, Zamilpa A, Morales-Valdez M, Garcia-Valencia CE, Tortoriello J: Efficacy and tolerability of a standardized herbal product from galphimia glauca on generalized anxiety disorder. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial controlled with lorazepam. Planta Med. 2007, 73: 713-717.PubMed
602.
Khan A, Joyce M, Atkinson S, Eggens I, Baldytcheva I, Eriksson H: A randomized, double-blind study of once-daily extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) monotherapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 31: 418-428.PubMed
603.
Stein DJ, Bandelow B, Merideth C, Olausson B, Szamosi J, Eriksson H: Efficacy and tolerability of extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) monotherapy in patients with generalised anxiety disorder: an analysis of pooled data from three 8-week placebo-controlled studies. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2011, 26: 614-628.PubMed
604.
Katzman MA, Vermani M, Jacobs L, Marcus M, Kong B, Lessard S, Galarraga W, Struzik L, Gendron A: Quetiapine as an adjunctive pharmacotherapy for the treatment of non-remitting generalized anxiety disorder: a flexible-dose, open-label pilot trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 1480-1486.PubMed
605.
Altamura AC, Serati M, Buoli M, Dell'Osso B: Augmentative quetiapine in partial/nonresponders with generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 26: 201-205.PubMed
606.
Brawman-Mintzer O, Knapp RG, Nietert PJ: Adjunctive risperidone in generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 1321-1325.PubMed
607.
Pandina GJ, Canuso CM, Turkoz I, Kujawa M, Mahmoud RA: Adjunctive risperidone in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2007, 40: 41-57.PubMed
608.
Pollack MH, Simon NM, Zalta AK, Worthington JJ, Hoge EA, Mick E, Kinrys G, Oppenheimer J: Olanzapine augmentation of fluoxetine for refractory generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo controlled study. Biol Psychiatry. 2006, 59: 211-215.PubMed
609.
Menza MA, Dobkin RD, Marin H: An open-label trial of aripiprazole augmentation for treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder [Letter]. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007, 27: 207-210.PubMed
610.
Gabriel A: The extended-release formulation of quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) adjunctive treatment in partially responsive generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): An open label naturalistic study. Clin Ter. 2011, 162: 113-118.PubMed
611.
Lohoff FW, Etemad B, Mandos LA, Gallop R, Rickels K: Ziprasidone treatment of refractory generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010, 30: 185-189.PubMed
612.
Snyderman SH, Rynn MA, Rickels K: Open-label pilot study of ziprasidone for refractory generalized anxiety disorder [Letter]. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005, 25: 497-499.PubMed
613.
Pohl R, Feltner D, Fieve R, Pande A: Efficacy of pregabalin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of BID versus TID dosing. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005, 25: 151-158.PubMed
614.
Aliyev NA, Aliyev ZN: Valproate (depakine-chrono) in the acute treatment of outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder without psychiatric comorbidity: randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur Psychiatry. 2008, 23: 109-114.PubMed
615.
Pollack MH, Tiller J, Xie F, Trivedi MH: Tiagabine in adult patients with generalized anxiety disorder: results from 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008, 28: 308-316.PubMed
616.
Rosenthal M: Tiagabine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, open-label, clinical trial with paroxetine as a positive control. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003, 64: 1245-1249.PubMed
617.
Rickels K, Shiovitz TM, Ramey TS, Weaver JJ, Knapp LE, Miceli JJ: Adjunctive therapy with pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder patients with partial response to SSRI or SNRI treatment. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012, 27: 142-150.PubMed
618.
Pollack M, Worthington J, Manfro G, Otto M, Zucker B: Abecarnil for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled comparison of two dosage ranges of abecarnil and buspirone. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997, 58 (Suppl 11): 19-23.PubMed
619.
Lader M, Scotto J: A multicentre double-blind comparison of hydroxyzine, buspirone and placebo in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998, 139: 402-406.
620.
Guaiana G, Barbui C, Cipriani A: Hydroxyzine for generalised anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, CD006815-
621.
Meibach RC, Dunner D, Wilson LG, Ishiki D, Dager SR: Comparative efficacy of propranolol, chlordiazepoxide, and placebo in the treatment of anxiety: a double-blind trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 1987, 48: 355-358.PubMed
622.
Feusner JD, Kerwin L, Saxena S, Bystritsky A: Differential efficacy of memantine for obsessive-compulsive disorder vs. generalized anxiety disorder: an open-label trial. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2009, 42: 81-93.PubMed
623.
Baldwin DS, Nutt DJ: On assessing potential efficacy for vortioxetine in generalized anxiety disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012, 22: 841-843.PubMed
624.
Davidson JR, Wittchen HU, Llorca PM, Erickson J, Detke M, Ball SG, Russell JM: Duloxetine treatment for relapse prevention in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008, 18: 673-681.PubMed
625.
Allgulander C, Florea I, Huusom AK: Prevention of relapse in generalized anxiety disorder by escitalopram treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006, 9: 495-505.PubMed
626.
Stocchi F, Nordera G, Jokinen R, Lepola U, Hewett K, Bryson H, Iyengar M: Efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine for the long-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003, 64: 250-258.PubMed
627.
Rickels K, Etemad B, Khalid-Khan S, Lohoff FW, Rynn MA, Gallop RJ: Time to relapse after 6 and 12 months' treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with venlafaxine extended release. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010, 67: 1274-1281.PubMed
628.
Feltner D, Wittchen HU, Kavoussi R, Brock J, Baldinetti F, Pande AC: Long-term efficacy of pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008, 23: 18-28.PubMed
629.
Katzman MA, Brawman-Mintzer O, Reyes EB, Olausson B, Liu S, Eriksson H: Extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) monotherapy as maintenance treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: a long-term, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 26: 11-24.PubMed
630.
Bystritsky A, Kaplan JT, Feusner JD, Kerwin LE, Wadekar M, Burock M, Wu AD, Iacoboni M: A preliminary study of fMRI-guided rTMS in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008, 69: 1092-1098.PubMed
631.
Bystritsky A, Kerwin LE, Feusner JD: A preliminary study of fMRI-guided rTMS in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: 6-month follow-up [Letter]. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009, 70: 431-432.PubMed
632.
Kasper S, Gastpar M, Muller WE, Volz HP, Moller HJ, Dienel A, Schlafke S: Silexan, an orally administered Lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of 'subsyndromal' anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010, 25: 277-287.PubMed
633.
Miyasaka LS, Atallah AN, Soares BG: Passiflora for anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007, CD004518-
634.
Andreatini R, Sartori VA, Seabra ML, Leite JR: Effect of valepotriates (valerian extract) in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. Phytother Res. 2002, 16: 650-654.PubMed
635.
Miyasaka LS, Atallah AN, Soares BG: Valerian for anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006, CD004515-
636.
Herring MP, Jacob ML, Suveg C, Dishman RK, O'Connor PJ: Feasibility of exercise training for the short-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2012, 81: 21-28.PubMed
637.
Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, Cummings M, Richardson J: Acupuncture for anxiety and anxiety disorders--a systematic literature review. Acupunct Med. 2007, 25: 1-10.PubMed
638.
Lu CF, Smith LN, Gau CH: Exploring the zen meditation experiences of patients with generalized anxiety disorder: a focus-group approach. J Nurs Res. 2012, 20: 43-52.PubMed
639.
Katzman MA, Vermani M, Gerbarg PL, Brown RP, Iorio C, Davis M, Cameron C, Tsirgielis D: A multicomponent yoga-based, breath intervention program as an adjunctive treatment in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder with or without comorbidities. Int J Yoga. 2012, 5: 57-65.PubMedCentralPubMed
640.
Youngstedt SD, Kline CE, Ginsberg JP, Zielinski MR, Hardin JW: Bright light treatment for high-anxious young adults: a randomized controlled pilot study. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 324-332.PubMed
641.
Ruscio AM, Stein DJ, Chiu WT, Kessler RC: The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Mol Psychiatry. 2010, 15: 53-63.PubMedCentralPubMed
642.
Adam Y, Meinlschmidt G, Gloster AT, Lieb R: Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the community: 12-month prevalence, comorbidity and impairment. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012, 47: 339-349.PubMed
643.
Rosario-Campos MC, Leckman JF, Mercadante MT, Shavitt RG, Prado HS, Sada P, Zamignani D, Miguel EC: Adults with early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2001, 158: 1899-1903.PubMed
644.
Veldhuis J, Dieleman JP, Wohlfarth T, Storosum JG, van Den Brink W, Sturkenboom MC, Denys D: Incidence and prevalence of "diagnosed OCD" in a primary care, treatment seeking, population. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2012, 16: 85-92.PubMed
645.
Torres AR, Prince MJ, Bebbington PE, Bhugra D, Brugha TS, Farrell M, Jenkins R, Lewis G, Meltzer H, Singleton N: Obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence, comorbidity, impact, and help-seeking in the British National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of 2000. Am J Psychiatry. 2006, 163: 1978-1985.PubMed
646.
Grisham JR, Fullana MA, Mataix-Cols D, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Poulton R: Risk factors prospectively associated with adult obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med. 2011, : 1-12.
647.
Hauschildt M, Jelinek L, Randjbar S, Hottenrott B, Moritz S: Generic and illness-specific quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2010, 38: 417-436.PubMed
648.
Eisen JL, Mancebo MA, Pinto A, Coles ME, Pagano ME, Stout R, Rasmussen SA: Impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on quality of life. Compr Psychiatry. 2006, 47: 270-275.PubMedCentralPubMed
649.
Vikas A, Avasthi A, Sharan P: Psychosocial impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on patients and their caregivers: a comparative study with depressive disorder. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2011, 57: 45-56.PubMed
650.
Rampacher F, Lennertz L, Vogeley A, Schulze-Rauschenbach S, Kathmann N, Falkai P, Wagner M: ation processing in patients with OCD compared to patients with unipolar depresEvidence for specific cognitive deficits in visual informsion. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 34: 984-991.PubMed
651.
Aigner M, Sachs G, Bruckmuller E, Winklbaur B, Zitterl W, Kryspin-Exner I, Gur R, Katschnig H: Cognitive and emotion recognition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2007, 149: 121-128.PubMed
652.
Torres AR, Ramos-Cerqueira AT, Ferrao YA, Fontenelle LF, do Rosario MC, Miguel EC: Suicidality in obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence and relation to symptom dimensions and comorbid conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011, 72: 17-26. quiz 119-120PubMed
653.
Eaton WW, Martins SS, Nestadt G, Bienvenu OJ, Clarke D, Alexandre P: The burden of mental disorders. Epidemiol Rev. 2008, 30: 1-14.PubMedCentralPubMed
654.
Leckman JF, Denys D, Simpson HB, Mataix-Cols D, Hollander E, Saxena S, Miguel EC, Rauch SL, Goodman WK, Phillips KA, Stein DJ: Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of the diagnostic criteria and possible subtypes and dimensional specifiers for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 507-527.PubMedCentralPubMed
655.
Abramowitz JS: Effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a quantitative review. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997, 65: 44-52.PubMed
656.
Eddy K, Dutra L, Bradley R, Westen D: A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clin Psychol Rev. 2004, 24: 1011-1030.PubMed
657.
Noordik E, van der Klink JJ, Klingen EF, Nieuwenhuijsen K, van Dijk FJ: Exposure-in-vivo containing interventions to improve work functioning of workers with anxiety disorder: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2010, 10: 598-PubMedCentralPubMed
658.
Foa E, Liebowitz M, Kozak M, Davies S, Campeas R, Franklin M, Huppert J, Kjernisted K, Rowan V, Schmidt A, et al: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2005, 162: 151-161.PubMed
659.
Sousa MB, Isolan LR, Oliveira RR, Manfro GG, Cordioli AV: A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and sertraline in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 1133-1139.PubMed
660.
Belotto-Silva C, Diniz JB, Malavazzi DM, Valerio C, Fossaluza V, Borcato S, Seixas AA, Morelli D, Miguel EC, Shavitt RG: Group cognitive-behavioral therapy versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a practical clinical trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2012, 26: 25-31.PubMed
661.
Jones MK, Menzies RG: Danger ideation reduction therapy (DIRT) for obsessive-compulsive washers. A controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 1998, 36: 959-970.PubMed
662.
Krochmalik A, Jones MK, Menzies RG, Kirkby K: The superiority of danger ideation reduction therapy (DIRT) over exposure and response prevention (ERP) in treating compulsive washing. Behaviour Change. 2004, 21: 251-268.
663.
Jonsson H, Hougaard E, Bennedsen BE: Randomized comparative study of group versus individual cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011, 123: 387-397.PubMed
664.
Jaurrieta N, Jimenez-Murcia S, Alonso P, Granero R, Segalas C, Labad J, Menchon JM: Individual versus group cognitive behavioral treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: follow up. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008, 62: 697-704.PubMed
665.
O'Connor K, Freeston MH, Gareau D, Careau Y, Dufour MJ, Aardema F, Todorov C: Group versus individual treatment in obsessions without compulsions. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2005, 12: 87-96.
666.
Belloch A, Cabedo E, Carrio C, Fernandez-Alvarez H, Garcia F, Larsson C: Group versus individual cognitive treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: changes in non-OCD symptoms and cognitions at post-treatment and one-year follow-up. Psychiatry Res. 2011, 187: 174-179.PubMed
667.
Cabedo E, Belloch A, Carrio C, Larsson C, Fernandez-Alvarez H, Garcia F: Group versus individual cognitive treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: changes in severity at post-treatment and one-year follow-up. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2010, 38: 227-232.PubMed
668.
Kozak M, Foa E: Mastery of obsessive–compulsive disorder: A cognitive–behavioral approach. 1997, San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation
669.
Abramowitz JS, Foa EB, Franklin ME: Exposure and ritual prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of intensive versus twice-weekly sessions. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003, 71: 394-398.PubMed
670.
Tolin DF, Diefenbach GJ, Gilliam CM: Stepped care versus standard cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary study of efficacy and costs. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 314-323.PubMedCentralPubMed
671.
Twohig MP, Hayes SC, Plumb JC, Pruitt LD, Collins AB, Hazlett-Stevens H, Woidneck MR: A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010, 78: 705-716.PubMedCentralPubMed
672.
Wilhelm S, Steketee G, Fama JM, Buhlmann U, Teachman BA, Golan E: Modular cognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a wait-list controlled trial. J Cogn Psychother. 2009, 23: 294-305.PubMedCentralPubMed
673.
Freeston MH, Ladouceur R, Gagnon F, Thibodeau N, Rheaume J, Letarte H, Bujold A: Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive thoughts: a controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997, 65: 405-413.PubMed
674.
O'Connor KP, Aardema F, Bouthillier D, Fournier S, Guay S, Robillard S, Pelissier MC, Landry P, Todorov C, Tremblay M, Pitre D: Evaluation of an inference-based approach to treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cogn Behav Ther. 2005, 34: 148-163.PubMed
675.
Park HS, Shin YW, Ha TH, Shin MS, Kim YY, Lee YH, Kwon JS: Effect of cognitive training focusing on organizational strategies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006, 60: 718-726.PubMed
676.
Buhlmann U, Deckersbach T, Engelhard I, Cook LM, Rauch SL, Kathmann N, Wilhelm S, Savage CR: Cognitive retraining for organizational impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2006, 144: 109-116.PubMed
677.
Hanstede M, Gidron Y, Nyklicek I: The effects of a mindfulness intervention on obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a non-clinical student population. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2008, 196: 776-779.PubMed
678.
Simpson HB, Zuckoff AM, Maher MJ, Page JR, Franklin ME, Foa EB, Schmidt AB, Wang Y: Challenges using motivational interviewing as an adjunct to exposure therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2010, 48: 941-948.PubMedCentralPubMed
679.
Meyer E, Souza F, Heldt E, Knapp P, Cordioli A, Shavitt RG, Leukefeld C: A randomized clinical trial to examine enhancing cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder with motivational interviewing and thought mapping. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2010, 38: 319-336.PubMed
680.
Nazari H, Momeni N, Jariani M, Tarrahi MJ: Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with citalopram in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2011, 15: 270-274.PubMed
681.
Tolin DF, Hannan S, Maltby N, Diefenbach GJ, Worhunsky P, Brady RE: A randomized controlled trial of self-directed versus therapist-directed cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with prior medication trials. Behav Ther. 2007, 38: 179-191.PubMed
682.
Lovell K, Cox D, Haddock G, Jones C, Raines D, Garvey R, Roberts C, Hadley S: Telephone administered cognitive behaviour therapy for treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. BMJ. 2006, 333: 883-PubMedCentralPubMed
683.
Moritz S, Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Naber D: How to treat the untreated: effectiveness of a self-help metacognitive training program (myMCT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2010, 12: 209-220.PubMedCentralPubMed
684.
Moritz S, Jelinek L: Further evidence for the efficacy of association splitting as a self-help technique for reducing obsessive thoughts. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 574-581.PubMed
685.
Andersson E, Enander J, Andren P, Hedman E, Ljotsson B, Hursti T, Bergstrom J, Kaldo V, Lindefors N, Andersson G, Ruck C: Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2012, 1-11.
686.
Tumur I, Kaltenthaler E, Ferriter M, Beverley C, Parry G: Computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review. Psychother Psychosom. 2007, 76: 196-202.PubMed
687.
Greist JH, Marks IM, Baer L, Kobak KA, Wenzel KW, Hirsch MJ, Mantle JM, Clary CM: Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002, 63: 138-145.PubMed
688.
Kenwright M, Marks I, Graham C, Franses A, Mataix-Cols D: Brief scheduled phone support from a clinician to enhance computer-aided self-help for obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol. 2005, 61: 1499-1508.PubMed
689.
Lebowitz ER, Panza KE, Su J, Bloch MH: Family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012, 12: 229-238.PubMedCentralPubMed
690.
Rachman S, Elliott CM, Shafran R, Radomsky AS: Separating hoarding from OCD. Behav Res Ther. 2009, 47: 520-522.PubMed
691.
Muroff J, Steketee G, Bratiotis C, Ross A: Group cognitive and behavioral therapy and bibliotherapy for hoarding: a pilot trial. Depress Anxiety. 2012, 29: 597-604.PubMed
692.
Foa EB, Franklin ME, Moser J: Context in the clinic: how well do cognitive-behavioral therapies and medications work in combination?. Biol Psychiatry. 2002, 52: 987-997.PubMed
693.
Simpson HB, Foa EB, Liebowitz MR, Ledley DR, Huppert JD, Cahill S, Vermes D, Schmidt AB, Hembree E, Franklin M, et al: A randomized, controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for augmenting pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2008, 165: 621-630.PubMedCentralPubMed
694.
Simpson HB, Liebowitz MR, Foa EB, Kozak MJ, Schmidt AB, Rowan V, Petkova E, Kjernisted K, Huppert JD, Franklin ME, et al: Post-treatment effects of exposure therapy and clomipramine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2004, 19: 225-233.PubMed
695.
van Oppen P, van Balkom AJ, de Haan E, van Dyck R: Cognitive therapy and exposure in vivo alone and in combination with fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a 5-year follow-up. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 1415-1422.PubMed
696.
O'Connor KP, Aardema F, Robillard S, Guay S, Pelissier MC, Todorov C, Borgeat F, Leblanc V, Grenier S, Doucet P: Cognitive behaviour therapy and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006, 113: 408-419.PubMed
697.
Kordon A, Kahl KG, Broocks A, Voderholzer U, Rasche-Rauchle H, Hohagen F: Clinical outcome in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder after discontinuation of SRI treatment: results from a two-year follow-up. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005, 255: 48-50.PubMed
698.
Chasson GS, Buhlmann U, Tolin DF, Rao SR, Reese HE, Rowley T, Welsh KS, Wilhelm S: Need for speed: evaluating slopes of OCD recovery in behavior therapy enhanced with d-cycloserine. Behav Res Ther. 2010, 48: 675-679.PubMed
699.
Kushner MG, Kim SW, Donahue C, Thuras P, Adson D, Kotlyar M, McCabe J, Peterson J, Foa EB: D-cycloserine augmented exposure therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2007, 62: 835-838.PubMed
700.
Wilhelm S, Buhlmann U, Tolin DF, Meunier SA, Pearlson GD, Reese HE, Cannistraro P, Jenike MA, Rauch SL: Augmentation of behavior therapy with d-cycloserine for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2008, 165: 335-341. quiz 409PubMed
701.
Storch EA, Merlo LJ, Bengtson M, Murphy TK, Lewis MH, Yang MC, Jacob ML, Larson M, Hirsh A, Fernandez M, et al: D-cycloserine does not enhance exposure-response prevention therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007, 22: 230-237.PubMed
702.
Braga DT, Manfro GG, Niederauer K, Cordioli AV: Full remission and relapse of obsessive-compulsive symptoms after cognitive-behavioral group therapy: a two-year follow-up. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2010, 32: 164-168.PubMed
703.
Whittal ML, Robichaud M, Thordarson DS, McLean PD: Group and individual treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder using cognitive therapy and exposure plus response prevention: a 2-year follow-up of two randomized trials. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008, 76: 1003-1014.PubMed
704.
Anand N, Sudhir PM, Math SB, Thennarasu K, Janardhan Reddy YC: Cognitive behavior therapy in medication non-responders with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a prospective 1-year follow-up study. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25: 939-945.PubMed
705.
Stein DJ, Andersen EW, Tonnoir B, Fineberg N: Escitalopram in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, paroxetine-referenced, fixed-dose, 24-week study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007, 23: 701-711.PubMed
706.
Khan MN, Hotiana UA, Ahmad S: Escitalopram in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double blind placebo control trial. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2007, 19: 58-63.
707.
Shim G, Park HY, Jang JH, Kim E, Hwang JY, Kim SN, Jang GE, Kwon JS: What is the optimal dose of escitalopram for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder? A naturalistic open-label study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 26: 284-290.PubMed
708.
Dougherty DD, Jameson M, Deckersbach T, Loh R, Thompson-Hollands J, Jenike M, Keuthen NJ: Open-label study of high (30 mg) and moderate (20 mg) dose escitalopram for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009, 24: 306-311.PubMed
709.
Rabinowitz I, Baruch Y, Barak Y: High-dose escitalopram for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008, 23: 49-53.PubMed
710.
Bergeron R, Ravindran A, Chaput Y, Goldner E, Swinson R, van AM, Austin C, Hadrava V: Sertraline and fluoxetine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: results of a double-blind, 6-month treatment study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002, 22: 148-154.PubMed
711.
Piccinelli M, Pini S, Bellantuono C, Wilkinson G: Efficacy of drug treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A meta-analytic review. Br J Psychiatry. 1995, 166: 424-443.PubMed
712.
Zitterl W, Meszaros K, Hornik K, Twaroch T, Dossenbach M, Zitterl-Eglseer K, Zapotoczky HG: Efficacy of fluoxetine in Austrian patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1999, 111: 439-442.PubMed
713.
Greist JH, Jefferson JW, Kobak KA, Katzelnick DJ, Serlin RC: Efficacy and tolerability of serotonin transport inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995, 52: 53-60.PubMed
714.
Ackerman DL, Greenland S: Multivariate meta-analysis of controlled drug studies for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002, 22: 309-317.PubMed
715.
Sayyah M, Boostani H, Pakseresht S, Malayeri A: Comparison of silybum marianum (L.) gaertn. with fluoxetine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 34: 362-365.PubMed
716.
Lopez-Ibor JJ, Saiz J, Cottraux J, Note I, Vinas R, Bourgeois M, Hernandez M, Gomez-Perez JC: Double-blind comparison of fluoxetine versus clomipramine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1996, 6: 111-118.PubMed
717.
Mundo E, Maina G, Uslenghi C: Multicentre, double-blind, comparison of fluvoxamine and clomipramine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000, 15: 69-76.PubMed
718.
Mundo E, Rouillon F, Figuera M, Stigler M: Fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: similar efficacy but superior tolerability in comparison with clomipramine. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2001, 16: 461-468.PubMed
719.
Hollander E, Koran LM, Goodman WK, Greist JH, Ninan PT, Yang H, Li D, Barbato LM: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of controlled-release fluvoxamine in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003, 64: 640-647.PubMed
720.
Zohar J, Judge R: Paroxetine versus clomipramine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. OCD Paroxetine Study Investigators. Br J Psychiatry. 1996, 169: 468-474.PubMed
721.
Denys D, van der Wee N, van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG: A double blind comparison of venlafaxine and paroxetine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003, 23: 568-575.PubMed
722.
Hollander E, Allen A, Steiner M, Wheadon DE, Oakes R, Burnham DB: Acute and long-term treatment and prevention of relapse of obsessive-compulsive disorder with paroxetine. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003, 64: 1113-1121.PubMed
723.
Hoehn-Saric R, Ninan P, Black D, Stahl S, Greist J, Lydiard B, McElroy S, Zajecka J, Chapman D, Clary C, Harrison W: Multicenter double-blind comparison of sertraline and desipramine for concurrent obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000, 57: 76-82.PubMed
724.
Bisserbe J, Lane R, Flament M: A double-blind comparison of sertraline and clomipramine in outpatients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 1997, 12: 82-93.PubMed
725.
Ninan PT, Koran LM, Kiev A, Davidson JR, Rasmussen SA, Zajecka JM, Robinson DG, Crits-Christoph P, Mandel FS, Austin C: High-dose sertraline strategy for nonresponders to acute treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a multicenter double-blind trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 15-22.PubMed
726.
Montgomery S, Kasper S, Stein D, Bang Hedegaard K, Lemming O: Citalopram 20 mg, 40 mg and 60 mg are all effective and well tolerated compared with placebo in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001, 16: 75-86.PubMed
727.
Pallanti S, Quercioli L, Bruscoli M: Response acceleration with mirtazapine augmentation of citalopram in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients without comorbid depression: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 1394-1399.PubMed
728.
Vulink NC, Denys D, Fluitman SB, Meinardi JC, Westenberg HG: Quetiapine augments the effect of citalopram in non-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 76 patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009, 70: 1001-1008.PubMed
729.
Pallanti S, Quercioli L, Koran LM: Citalopram intravenous infusion in resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002, 63: 796-801.PubMed
730.
Marazziti D, Golia F, Consoli G, Presta S, Pfanner C, Carlini M, Mungai F, Catena Dell'osso M: Effectiveness of long-term augmentation with citalopram to clomipramine in treatment-resistant OCD patients. CNS Spectr. 2008, 13: 971-976.PubMed
731.
Albert U, Aguglia E, Maina G, Bogetto F: Venlafaxine versus clomipramine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary single-blind, 12-week, controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002, 63: 1004-1009.PubMed
732.
Yaryura-Tobias JA, Neziroglu FA: Venlafaxine in obsessive-compulsive disorder [Letter]. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996, 53: 653-654.PubMed
733.
Denys D, van Megen HJ, van der Wee N, Westenberg HG: A double-blind switch study of paroxetine and venlafaxine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 37-43.PubMed
734.
Dell'osso B, Mundo E, Marazziti D, Altamura AC: Switching from serotonin reuptake inhibitors to duloxetine in patients with resistant obsessive compulsive disorder: a case series. J Psychopharmacol. 2008, 22: 210-213.PubMed
735.
Blay S, Black DW: A case of obsessive-compulsive disorder responding to duloxetine. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2007, 9: 234-235.
736.
Yeh YW, Chen CH, Kuo SC, Wang SC, Chen CK, Feng HM: High-dose duloxetine for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report with sustained full remission. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009, 32: 174-176.PubMed
737.
Vallejo J, Olivares J, Marcos T, Bulbena A, Menchon JM: Clomipramine versus phenelzine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A controlled clinical trial. Br J Psychiatry. 1992, 161: 665-670.PubMed
738.
Jenike MA, Baer L, Minichiello WE, Rauch SL, Buttolph ML: Placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine and phenelzine for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1997, 154: 1261-1264.PubMed
739.
Joffe R, Swinson R: Tranylcypromine in primary obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 1990, 4: 365-367.
740.
Stein DJ, Spadaccini E, Hollander E: Meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy trials for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995, 10: 11-18.PubMed
741.
Kobak KA, Greist JH, Jefferson JW, Katzelnick DJ, Henk HJ: Behavioral versus pharmacological treatments of obsessive compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998, 136: 205-216.
742.
Fallon BA, Liebowitz MR, Campeas R, Schneier FR, Marshall R, Davies S, Goetz D, Klein DF: Intravenous clomipramine for obsessive-compulsive disorder refractory to oral clomipramine: a placebo-controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998, 55: 918-924.PubMed
743.
Koran LM, Sallee FR, Pallanti S: Rapid benefit of intravenous pulse loading of clomipramine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1997, 154: 396-401.PubMed
744.
Koran LM, Aboujaoude E, Ward H, Shapira NA, Sallee FR, Gamel N, Elliott M: Pulse-loaded intravenous clomipramine in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 26: 79-83.PubMed
745.
Goodman WK, Price LH, Delgado PL, Palumbo J, Krystal JH, Nagy LM, Rasmussen SA, Heninger GR, Charney DS: Specificity of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comparison of fluvoxamine and desipramine. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990, 47: 577-585.PubMed
746.
Diniz JB, Shavitt RG, Pereira CA, Hounie AG, Pimentel I, Koran LM, Dainesi SM, Miguel EC: Quetiapine versus clomipramine in the augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, open-label trial. J Psychopharmacol. 2010, 24: 297-307.PubMed
747.
Diniz JB, Shavitt RG, Fossaluza V, Koran L, Pereira CA, Miguel EC: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of fluoxetine plus quetiapine or clomipramine versus fluoxetine plus placebo for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 31: 763-768.PubMed
748.
Koran L, Gamel N, Choung H, Smith E, Aboujaoude E: Mirtazapine for obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open trial followed by double-blind discontinuation. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 515-520.PubMed
749.
Vulink NC, Denys D, Westenberg HG: Bupropion for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open-label, fixed-dose study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 228-230.PubMed
750.
Muscatello MR, Bruno A, Pandolfo G, Mico U, Scimeca G, Romeo VM, Santoro V, Settineri S, Spina E, Zoccali RA: Effect of aripiprazole augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors or clomipramine in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 31: 174-179.PubMed
751.
Pessina E, Albert U, Bogetto F, Maina G: Aripiprazole augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a 12-week open-label preliminary study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009, 24: 265-269.PubMed
752.
Ak M, Bulut SD, Bozkurt A, Ozsahin A: Aripiprazole augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a 10-week open-label study. Adv Ther. 2011, 28: 341-348.PubMed
753.
Delle Chiaie R, Scarciglia P, Pasquini M, Caredda M, Biondi M: Aripiprazole augmentation in patients with resistant obsessive compulsive disorder: a pilot study. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2011, 7: 107-111.PubMedCentralPubMed
754.
Sayyah M, Boostani H, Ghaffari SM, Hoseini A: Effects of aripiprazole augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (a double blind clinical trial). Depress Anxiety. 2012, 29: 850-854.PubMed
755.
Selvi Y, Atli A, Aydin A, Besiroglu L, Ozdemir P, Ozdemir O: The comparison of aripiprazole and risperidone augmentation in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a single-blind, randomised study. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2011, 26: 51-57.PubMed
756.
McDougle C, Epperson C, Pelton G, Wasylink S, Price L: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone addition in serotonin reuptake inhibitor-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000, 57: 794-801.PubMed
757.
Hollander E, Baldini Rossi N, Sood E, Pallanti S: Risperidone augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003, 6: 397-401.PubMed
758.
Li X, May RS, Tolbert LC, Jackson WT, Flournoy JM, Baxter LR: Risperidone and haloperidol augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a crossover study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 736-743.PubMed
759.
Erzegovesi S, Guglielmo E, Siliprandi F, Bellodi L: Low-dose risperidone augmentation of fluvoxamine treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005, 15: 69-74.PubMed
760.
Maina G, Pessina E, Albert U, Bogetto F: 8-week, single-blind, randomized trial comparing risperidone versus olanzapine augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008, 18: 364-372.PubMed
761.
Simpson HB, Foa EB, Liebowitz MR, Huppert JD, Cahill S, Maher MJ, McLean CP, Bender J, Marcus SM, Williams MT, et al: Cognitive-behavioral therapy vs risperidone for augmenting serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013, 70: 1190-1199.PubMedCentralPubMed
762.
Bystritsky A, Ackerman DL, Rosen RM, Vapnik T, Gorbis E, Maidment KM, Saxena S: Augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder using adjunctive olanzapine: a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 565-568.PubMed
763.
Shapira NA, Ward HE, Mandoki M, Murphy TK, Yang MC, Blier P, Goodman WK: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine addition in fluoxetine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2004, 55: 553-555.PubMed
764.
Fineberg NA, Sivakumaran T, Roberts A, Gale T: Adding quetiapine to SRI in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled treatment study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005, 20: 223-226.PubMed
765.
Carey PD, Vythilingum B, Seedat S, Muller JE, van Ameringen M, Stein DJ: Quetiapine augmentation of SRIs in treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. BMC Psychiatry. 2005, 5: 5-PubMedCentralPubMed
766.
Denys D, de Geus F, van Megen H, Westenberg H: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine addition in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder refractory to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 1040-1048.PubMed
767.
Savas HA, Yumru M, Ozen ME: Quetiapine and ziprasidone as adjuncts in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a retrospective comparative study. Clin Drug Investig. 2008, 28: 439-442.PubMed
768.
Kordon A, Wahl K, Koch N, Zurowski B, Anlauf M, Vielhaber K, Kahl KG, Broocks A, Voderholzer U, Hohagen F: Quetiapine addition to serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008, 28: 550-554.PubMed
769.
McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, Lee NC, Heninger GR, Price LH: Haloperidol addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with and without tics. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994, 51: 302-308.PubMed
770.
Metin O, Yazici K, Tot S, Yazici AE: Amisulpiride augmentation in treatment resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open trial. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2003, 18: 463-467.PubMed
771.
Hollander E, Kaplan A, Stahl SM: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of clonazepam in obsessive-compulsive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2003, 4: 30-34.PubMed
772.
Crockett BA, Churchill E, Davidson JR: A double-blind combination study of clonazepam with sertraline in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 16: 127-132.PubMed
773.
Hewlett WA, Vinogradov S, Agras WS: Clomipramine, clonazepam, and clonidine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1992, 12: 420-430.PubMed
774.
Dannon P, Sasson Y, Hirschmann S, Iancu I, Grunhaus L, Zohar J: Pindolol augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2000, 10: 165-169.PubMed
775.
Mundo E, Guglielmo E, Bellodi L: Effect of adjuvant pindolol on the antiobsessional response to fluvoxamine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998, 13: 219-224.PubMed
776.
Blier P, Bergeron R: Sequential administration of augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: preliminary findings. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996, 11: 37-44.PubMed
777.
Sayyah M, Boostani H, Pakseresht S, Malayeri A: A preliminary randomized double-blind clinical trial on the efficacy of celecoxib as an adjunct in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2011, 189: 403-406.PubMed
778.
Askari N, Moin M, Sanati M, Tajdini M, Hosseini SM, Modabbernia A, Najand B, Salimi S, Tabrizi M, Ashrafi M, et al: Granisetron adjunct to fluvoxamine for moderate to severe obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CNS Drugs. 2012, 26: 883-892.PubMed
779.
Rodriguez CI, Kegeles LS, Levinson A, Feng T, Marcus SM, Vermes D, Flood P, Simpson HB: Randomized controlled crossover trial of ketamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: proof-of-concept. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013, 38: 2475-2483.PubMedCentralPubMed
780.
Bloch MH, Wasylink S, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Panza KE, Billingslea E, Leckman JF, Krystal JH, Bhagwagar Z, Sanacora G, Pittenger C: Effects of ketamine in treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2012, 72: 964-970.PubMedCentralPubMed
781.
Aboujaoude E, Barry JJ, Gamel N: Memantine augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open-label trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009, 29: 51-55.PubMed
782.
Stewart SE, Jenike EA, Hezel DM, Stack DE, Dodman NH, Shuster L, Jenike MA: A single-blinded case-control study of memantine in severe obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010, 30: 34-39.PubMed
783.
Ghaleiha A, Entezari N, Modabbernia A, Najand B, Askari N, Tabrizi M, Ashrafi M, Hajiaghaee R, Akhondzadeh S: Memantine add-on in moderate to severe obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Psychiatr Res. 2013, 47: 175-180.PubMed
784.
Pallanti S, Bernardi S, Antonini S, Singh N, Hollander E: Ondansetron augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary, single-blind, prospective study. CNS Drugs. 2009, 23: 1047-1055.PubMed
785.
Soltani F, Sayyah M, Feizy F, Malayeri A, Siahpoosh A, Motlagh I: A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of ondansetron for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2010, 25: 509-513.PubMed
786.
Afshar H, Roohafza H, Mohammad-Beigi H, Haghighi M, Jahangard L, Shokouh P, Sadeghi M, Hafezian H: N-acetylcysteine add-on treatment in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012, 32: 797-803.PubMed
787.
Van Ameringen M, Patterson B, Simpson W, Turna J: N-acetylcysteine augmentation in treatment resistant obsessive compulsive disorder: A case series. J Obsess Compul Rel Dis. 2013, 2: 48-52.
788.
Coric V, Taskiran S, Pittenger C, Wasylink S, Mathalon DH, Valentine G, Saksa J, Wu YT, Gueorguieva R, Sanacora G, et al: Riluzole augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open-label trial. Biol Psychiatry. 2005, 58: 424-428.PubMed
789.
Pittenger C, Kelmendi B, Wasylink S, Bloch MH, Coric V: Riluzole augmentation in treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a series of 13 cases, with long-term follow-up. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008, 28: 363-367.PubMed
790.
McDougle CJ, Price LH, Goodman WK, Charney DS, Heninger GR: A controlled trial of lithium augmentation in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: lack of efficacy. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991, 11: 175-184.PubMed
791.
Pigott TA, Pato MT, L'Heureux F, Hill JL, Grover GN, Bernstein SE, Murphy DL: A controlled comparison of adjuvant lithium carbonate or thyroid hormone in clomipramine-treated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991, 11: 242-248.PubMed
792.
Jenike MA, Baer L, Buttolph L: Buspirone augmentation of fluoxetine in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991, 52: 13-14.PubMed
793.
Pigott TA, L'Heureux F, Hill JL, Bihari K, Bernstein SE, Murphy DL: A double-blind study of adjuvant buspirone hydrochloride in clomipramine-treated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1992, 12: 11-18.PubMed
794.
Rodriguez CI, Bender J, Marcus SM, Snape M, Rynn M, Simpson HB: Minocycline augmentation of pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open-label trial [Letter]. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010, 71: 1247-1249.PubMedCentralPubMed
795.
Rubio G, Jimenez-Arriero MA, Martinez-Gras I, Manzanares J, Palomo T: The effects of topiramate adjunctive treatment added to antidepressants in patients with resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 26: 341-344.PubMed
796.
Berlin HA, Koran LM, Jenike MA, Shapira NA, Chaplin W, Pallanti S, Hollander E: Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011, 72: 716-721.PubMed
797.
Mowla A, Khajeian AM, Sahraian A, Chohedri AH, Kashkoli F: Topiramate augmentation in resistant OCD: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. CNS Spectr. 2010, 15: 613-617.PubMed
798.
Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Patterson B, Bennett M: Topiramate augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a retrospective, open-label case series. Depress Anxiety. 2006, 23: 1-5.PubMed
799.
Bruno A, Mico U, Pandolfo G, Mallamace D, Abenavoli E, Di Nardo F, D'Arrigo C, Spina E, Zoccali RA, Muscatello MR: Lamotrigine augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Psychopharmacol. 2012, 26: 1456-1462.PubMed
800.
Kumar TC, Khanna S: Lamotrigine augmentation of serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2000, 34: 527-528.PubMed
801.
Di Nicola M, Tedeschi D, Martinotti G, De Vita O, Monetta M, Pozzi G, Janiri L: Pregabalin augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a 16-week case series. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 31: 675-677.PubMed
802.
Oulis P, Mourikis I, Konstantakopoulos G: Pregabalin augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 26: 221-224.PubMed
803.
Onder E, Tural U, Gokbakan M: Does gabapentin lead to early symptom improvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder?. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008, 258: 319-323.PubMed
804.
Cora-Locatelli G, Greenberg BD, Martin J, Murphy DL: Gabapentin augmentation for fluoxetine-treated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder [Letter]. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998, 59: 480-481.PubMed
805.
Goldsmith TB, Shapira NA, Keck PE: Rapid remission of OCD with tramadol hydrochloride [Letter]. Am J Psychiatry. 1999, 156: 660-661.PubMed
806.
Shapira NA, Keck PE, Goldsmith TD, McConville BJ, Eis M, McElroy SL: Open-label pilot study of tramadol hydrochloride in treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety. 1997, 6: 170-173.PubMed
807.
Amiaz R, Fostick L, Gershon A, Zohar J: Naltrexone augmentation in OCD: a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008, 18: 455-461.PubMed
808.
Koran LM, Aboujaoude E, Bullock KD, Franz B, Gamel N, Elliott M: Double-blind treatment with oral morphine in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 353-359.PubMed
809.
Soomro GM, Altman D, Rajagopal S, Oakley-Browne M: Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) versus placebo for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008, CD001765-
810.
Stein DJ, Andersen EW, Overo KF: Response of symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder to treatment with citalopram or placebo. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2007, 29: 303-307.PubMed
811.
Stein DJ, Carey PD, Lochner C, Seedat S, Fineberg N, Andersen EW: Escitalopram in obsessive-compulsive disorder: response of symptom dimensions to pharmacotherapy. CNS Spectr. 2008, 13: 492-498.PubMed
812.
Landeros-Weisenberger A, Bloch MH, Kelmendi B, Wegner R, Nudel J, Dombrowski P, Pittenger C, Krystal JH, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, Coric V: Dimensional predictors of response to SRI pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2010, 121: 175-179.PubMedCentralPubMed
813.
Koran LM, Hanna GL, Hollander E, Nestadt G, Simpson HB: Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2007, 164: 5-53.PubMed
814.
Decloedt EH, Stein DJ: Current trends in drug treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2010, 6: 233-242.PubMedCentralPubMed
815.
Ipser JC, Carey P, Dhansay Y, Fakier N, Seedat S, Stein DJ: Pharmacotherapy augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006, CD005473-
816.
Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Kelmendi B, Coric V, Bracken MB, Leckman JF: A systematic review: antipsychotic augmentation with treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2006, 11: 622-632.PubMed
817.
Komossa K, Depping AM, Meyer M, Kissling W, Leucht S: Second-generation antipsychotics for obsessive compulsive disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, CD008141-
818.
Fineberg NA, Tonnoir B, Lemming O, Stein DJ: Escitalopram prevents relapse of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007, 17: 430-439.PubMed
819.
Koran LM, Hackett E, Rubin A, Wolkow R, Robinson D: Efficacy of sertraline in the long-term treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002, 159: 88-95.PubMed
820.
Romano S, Goodman W, Tamura R, Gonzales J: Long-term treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder after an acute response: a comparison of fluoxetine versus placebo. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001, 21: 46-52.PubMed
821.
Katz RJ, DeVeaugh-Geiss J, Landau P: Clomipramine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1990, 28: 401-414.PubMed
822.
Rasmussen S, Hackett E, DuBoff E, Greist J, Halaris A, Koran LM, Liebowitz M, Lydiard RB, McElroy S, Mendels J, O'Connor K: A 2-year study of sertraline in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997, 12: 309-316.PubMed
823.
Ravizza L, Barzega G, Bellino S, Bogetto F, Maina G: Drug treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): long-term trial with clomipramine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Psychopharmacol Bull. 1996, 32: 167-173.PubMed
824.
Koran LM, Bromberg D, Hornfeldt CS, Shepski JC, Wang S, Hollander E: Extended-release fluvoxamine and improvements in quality of life in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2010, 51: 373-379.PubMed
825.
Mantovani A, Lisanby SH, Pieraccini F, Ulivelli M, Castrogiovanni P, Rossi S: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS). Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006, 9: 95-100.PubMed
826.
Kumar N, Chadda RK: Augmentation effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the supplementary motor cortex in treatment refractory patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Indian J Psychiatry. 2011, 53: 340-342.PubMedCentralPubMed
827.
Mantovani A, Simpson HB, Fallon BA, Rossi S, Lisanby SH: Randomized sham-controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010, 13: 217-227.PubMed
828.
Ruffini C, Locatelli M, Lucca A, Benedetti F, Insacco C, Smeraldi E: Augmentation effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the orbitofrontal cortex in drug-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: a controlled investigation. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2009, 11: 226-230.PubMedCentralPubMed
829.
Sachdev PS, Loo CK, Mitchell PB, McFarquhar TF, Malhi GS: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: a double-blind controlled investigation. Psychol Med. 2007, 37: 1645-1649.PubMed
830.
Sarkhel S, Sinha VK, Praharaj SK: Adjunctive high-frequency right prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was not effective in obsessive-compulsive disorder but improved secondary depression. J Anxiety Disord. 2010, 24: 535-539.PubMed
831.
Prasko J, Paskova B, Zalesky R, Novak T, Kopecek M, Bares M, Horacek J: The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on symptoms in obsessive compulsive disorder. A randomized, double blind, sham controlled study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2006, 27: 327-332.PubMed
832.
Greenberg BD, Gabriels LA, Malone DA, Rezai AR, Friehs GM, Okun MS, Shapira NA, Foote KD, Cosyns PR, Kubu CS, et al: Deep brain stimulation of the ventral internal capsule/ventral striatum for obsessive-compulsive disorder: worldwide experience. Mol Psychiatry. 2010, 15: 64-79.PubMedCentralPubMed
833.
Goodman WK, Foote KD, Greenberg BD, Ricciuti N, Bauer R, Ward H, Shapira NA, Wu SS, Hill CL, Rasmussen SA, Okun MS: Deep brain stimulation for intractable obsessive compulsive disorder: pilot study using a blinded, staggered-onset design. Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 67: 535-542.PubMed
834.
Abelson JL, Curtis GC, Sagher O, Albucher RC, Harrigan M, Taylor SF, Martis B, Giordani B: Deep brain stimulation for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005, 57: 510-516.PubMed
835.
Liu K, Zhang H, Liu C, Guan Y, Lang L, Cheng Y, Sun B, Wang H, Zuo C, Pan L, et al: Stereotactic treatment of refractory obsessive compulsive disorder by bilateral capsulotomy with 3 years follow-up. J Clin Neurosci. 2008, 15: 622-629.PubMed
836.
Ruck C, Karlsson A, Steele JD, Edman G, Meyerson BA, Ericson K, Nyman H, Asberg M, Svanborg P: Capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: long-term follow-up of 25 patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008, 65: 914-921.PubMed
837.
Lopes AC, Greenberg BD, Noren G, Canteras MM, Busatto GF, de Mathis ME, Taub A, D'Alcante CC, Hoexter MQ, Gouvea FS, et al: Treatment of resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder with ventral capsular/ventral striatal gamma capsulotomy: a pilot prospective study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009, 21: 381-392.PubMed
838.
Csigo K, Harsanyi A, Demeter G, Rajkai C, Nemeth A, Racsmany M: Long-term follow-up of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder treated by anterior capsulotomy: a neuropsychological study. J Affect Disord. 2010, 126: 198-205.PubMed
839.
Ruck C, Larsson KJ, Mataix-Cols D: Predictors of medium and long-term outcome following capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: one site may not fit all. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012, 22: 406-414.PubMed
840.
Jung HH, Kim CH, Chang JH, Park YG, Chung SS, Chang JW: Bilateral anterior cingulotomy for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: Long-term follow-up results. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2006, 84: 184-189.PubMed
841.
Dougherty DD, Baer L, Cosgrove GR, Cassem EH, Price BH, Nierenberg AA, Jenike MA, Rauch SL: Prospective long-term follow-up of 44 patients who received cingulotomy for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002, 159: 269-275.PubMed
842.
Kim CH, Chang JW, Koo MS, Kim JW, Suh HS, Park IH, Lee HS: Anterior cingulotomy for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003, 107: 283-290.PubMed
843.
Krisanaprakornkit T, Krisanaprakornkit W, Piyavhatkul N, Laopaiboon M: Meditation therapy for anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006, CD004998-
844.
Abrantes AM, Strong DR, Cohn A, Cameron AY, Greenberg BD, Mancebo MC, Brown RA: Acute changes in obsessions and compulsions following moderate-intensity aerobic exercise among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 923-927.PubMed
845.
Brown RA, Abrantes AM, Strong DR, Mancebo MC, Menard J, Rasmussen SA, Greenberg BD: A pilot study of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for obsessive compulsive disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007, 195: 514-520.PubMed
846.
Pakseresht S, Boostani H, Sayyah M: Extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) vs. placebo in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized double-blind study. J Complement Integr Med. 2011, 8: 10.2202/1553-3840.1465
847.
Taylor LH, Kobak KA: An open-label trial of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000, 61: 575-578.PubMed
848.
Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Patterson B, Boyle MH: Post-traumatic stress disorder in Canada. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2008, 14: 171-181.PubMed
849.
Pietrzak RH, Goldstein RB, Southwick SM, Grant BF: Prevalence and Axis I comorbidity of full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: results from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25: 456-465.PubMedCentralPubMed
850.
Darves-Bornoz JM, Alonso J, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R, Haro JM, Kovess-Masfety V, Lepine JP, Nachbaur G, Negre-Pages L, Vilagut G, Gasquet I: Main traumatic events in Europe: PTSD in the European study of the epidemiology of mental disorders survey. J Trauma Stress. 2008, 21: 455-462.PubMed
851.
Stein MB, Walker JR, Hazen AL, Forde DR: Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from a community survey. Am J Psychiatry. 1997, 154: 1114-1119.PubMed
852.
Bravo-Mehmedbasic A, Kucukalic A, Kulenovic AD, Suljic E: Impact of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder on the quality of life of war survivors. Psychiatr Danub. 2010, 22: 430-435.PubMed
853.
Pietrzak RH, Goldstein MB, Malley JC, Johnson DC, Southwick SM: Subsyndromal posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with health and psychosocial difficulties in veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. Depress Anxiety. 2009, 26: 739-744.PubMed
854.
Westphal M, Olfson M, Gameroff MJ, Wickramaratne P, Pilowsky DJ, Neugebauer R, Lantigua R, Shea S, Neria Y: Functional impairment in adults with past posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from primary care. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 686-695.PubMedCentralPubMed
855.
Rona RJ, Jones M, Iversen A, Hull L, Greenberg N, Fear NT, Hotopf M, Wessely S: The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on impairment in the UK military at the time of the Iraq war. J Psychiatr Res. 2009, 43: 649-655.PubMed
856.
Asmundson GJ, Wright KD, Stein MB: Pain and PTSD symptoms in female veterans. Eur J Pain. 2004, 8: 345-350.PubMed
857.
Poundja J, Fikretoglu D, Guay S, Brunet A: Validation of the French version of the brief pain inventory in Canadian veterans suffering from traumatic stress. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007, 33: 720-726.PubMed
858.
Villano CL, Rosenblum A, Magura S, Fong C, Cleland C, Betzler TF: Prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic severe pain in psychiatric outpatients. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007, 44: 167-178.PubMed
859.
Lowe B, Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Mussell M, Rose M, Wingenfeld K, Sauer N, Spitzer C: Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care patients: cross-sectional criterion standard study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011, 72: 304-312.PubMed
860.
Babson K, Feldner M, Badour C, Trainor C, Blumenthal H, Sachs-Ericsson N, Schmidt N: Posttraumatic stress and sleep: differential relations across types of symptoms and sleep problems. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25: 706-713.PubMedCentralPubMed
861.
Hirsch KA: Sexual dysfunction in male Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom patients with severe post-traumatic stress disorder. Mil Med. 2009, 174: 520-522.PubMed
862.
Lagarde G, Doyon J, Brunet A: Memory and executive dysfunctions associated with acute posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2010, 177: 144-149.PubMed
863.
Reinhard MJ, Wolf G, Cozolino L: Using the MMPI to assess reported cognitive disturbances and somatization as a core feature of complex PTSD. J Trauma Dissociation. 2010, 11: 57-72.PubMed
864.
Frewen PA, Dozois DJ, Neufeld RW, Lanius RA: Meta-analysis of alexithymia in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2008, 21: 243-246.PubMed
865.
Sareen J, Houlahan T, Cox BJ, Asmundson GJ: Anxiety disorders associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2005, 193: 450-454.PubMed
866.
Kartha A, Brower V, Saitz R, Samet JH, Keane TM, Liebschutz J: The impact of trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder on healthcare utilization among primary care patients. Med Care. 2008, 46: 388-393.PubMedCentralPubMed
867.
Fikretoglu D, Brunet A, Guay S, Pedlar D: Mental health treatment seeking by military members with posttraumatic stress disorder: findings on rates, characteristics, and predictors from a nationally representative Canadian military sample. Can J Psychiatry. 2007, 52: 103-110.PubMed
868.
Sareen J, Belik SL, Stein MB, Asmundson GJ: Correlates of perceived need for mental health care among active military personnel. Psychiatr Serv. 2010, 61: 50-57.PubMed
869.
Nacasch N, Fostick L, Zohar J: High prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder among posttraumatic stress disorder patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011, 21: 876-879.PubMed
870.
Cougle JR, Feldner MT, Keough ME, Hawkins KA, Fitch KE: Comorbid panic attacks among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder: associations with traumatic event exposure history, symptoms, and impairment. J Anxiety Disord. 2010, 24: 183-188.PubMed
871.
Ginzburg K, Ein-Dor T, Solomon Z: Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression: a 20-year longitudinal study of war veterans. J Affect Disord. 2010, 123: 249-257.PubMed
872.
Post LM, Zoellner LA, Youngstrom E, Feeny NC: Understanding the relationship between co-occurring PTSD and MDD: symptom severity and affect. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25: 1123-1130.PubMedCentralPubMed
873.
Fetzner MG, McMillan KA, Sareen J, Asmundson GJ: What is the association between traumatic life events and alcohol abuse/dependence in people with and without PTSD? Findings from a nationally representative sample. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 632-638.PubMed
874.
Pagura J, Stein MB, Bolton JM, Cox BJ, Grant B, Sareen J: Comorbidity of borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in the U.S. population. J Psychiatr Res. 2010, 44: 1190-1198.PubMedCentralPubMed
875.
Friedman MJ, Resick PA, Bryant RA, Brewin CR: Considering PTSD for DSM-5. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 750-769.PubMed
876.
Rose S, Bisson J, Churchill R, Wessely S: Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002, CD000560-
877.
van Emmerik AA, Kamphuis JH, Hulsbosch AM, Emmelkamp PM: Single session debriefing after psychological trauma: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2002, 360: 766-771.PubMed
878.
Roberts NP, Kitchiner NJ, Kenardy J, Bisson J: Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009, CD006869-
879.
Kornor H, Winje D, Ekeberg O, Weisaeth L, Kirkehei I, Johansen K, Steiro A: Early trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy to prevent chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and related symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2008, 8: 81-PubMedCentralPubMed
880.
Roberts NP, Kitchiner NJ, Kenardy J, Bisson JI: Early psychological interventions to treat acute traumatic stress symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, CD007944-
881.
Gelpin E, Bonne O, Peri T, Brandes D, Shalev A: Treatment of recent trauma survivors with benzodiazepines: a prospective study. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996, 57: 390-394.PubMed
882.
Mellman TA, Bustamante V, David D, Fins AI: Hypnotic medication in the aftermath of trauma [letter]. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002, 63: 1183-1184.PubMed
883.
Fowler M, Garza TH, Slater TM, Maani CV, McGhee LL: The relationship between gabapentin and pregabalin and posttraumatic stress disorder in burned servicemembers. J Burn Care Res. 2012, 33: 612-618.PubMed
884.
Vaiva G, Ducrocq F, Jezequel K, Averland B, Lestavel P, Brunet A, Marmar C: Immediate treatment with propranolol decreases posttraumatic stress disorder two months after trauma. Biol Psychiatry. 2003, 54: 947-949.PubMed
885.
Tarsitani L, De Santis V, Mistretta M, Parmigiani G, Zampetti G, Roselli V, Vitale D, Tritapepe L, Biondi M, Picardi A: Treatment with beta-blockers and incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder after cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2011, 26: 265-269.PubMed
886.
Sharp S, Thomas C, Rosenberg L, Rosenberg M, Meyer W: Propranolol does not reduce risk for acute stress disorder in pediatric burn trauma. J Trauma. 2010, 68: 193-197.PubMed
887.
Pastrana Jimenez JI, Catalina Romero C, Garcia Dieguez N, Lopez-Ibor Alino JJ: Pharmacological treatment of acute stress disorder with propranolol and hypnotics. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2007, 35: 351-358.PubMed
888.
McGhee LL, Maani CV, Garza TH, Desocio PA, Gaylord KM, Black IH: The effect of propranolol on posttraumatic stress disorder in burned service members. J Burn Care Res. 2009, 30: 92-97.PubMed
889.
Pitman R, Sanders K, Zusman R, Healy A, Cheema F, Lasko N, Cahill L, Orr S: Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol. Biol Psychiatry. 2002, 51: 189-192.PubMed
890.
Stoddard FJ, Luthra R, Sorrentino EA, Saxe GN, Drake J, Chang Y, Levine JB, Chedekel DS, Sheridan RL: A randomized controlled trial of sertraline to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder in burned children. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2011, 21: 469-477.PubMed
891.
Bryant RA, Creamer M, O'Donnell M, Silove D, McFarlane AC: A study of the protective function of acute morphine administration on subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2009, 65: 438-440.PubMed
892.
Stoddard FJ, Sorrentino EA, Ceranoglu TA, Saxe G, Murphy JM, Drake JE, Ronfeldt H, White GW, Kagan J, Snidman N, et al: Preliminary evidence for the effects of morphine on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in one- to four-year-olds with burns. J Burn Care Res. 2009, 30: 836-843.PubMed
893.
Saxe G, Geary M, Bedard K, Bosquet M, Miller A, Koenen K, Stoddard F, Moulton S: Separation anxiety as a mediator between acute morphine administration and PTSD symptoms in injured children. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006, 1071: 41-45.PubMed
894.
Holbrook TL, Galarneau MR, Dye JL, Quinn K, Dougherty AL: Morphine use after combat injury in Iraq and post-traumatic stress disorder. N Engl J Med. 2010, 362: 110-117.PubMed
895.
Stewart CL, Wrobel TA: Evaluation of the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in treatment of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analytic review of outcome studies. Mil Med. 2009, 174: 460-469.PubMed
896.
Nijdam MJ, Gersons BP, Reitsma JB, de Jongh A, Olff M: Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2012, 200: 224-231.PubMed
897.
Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, Astin MC, Feuer CA: A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002, 70: 867-879.PubMedCentralPubMed
898.
Foa EB, Dancu CV, Hembree EA, Jaycox LH, Meadows EA, Street GP: A comparison of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder in female assault victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999, 67: 194-200.PubMed
899.
Resick PA, Galovski TE, O'Brien Uhlmansiek M, Scher CD, Clum GA, Young-Xu Y: A randomized clinical trial to dismantle components of cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in female victims of interpersonal violence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008, 76: 243-258.PubMedCentralPubMed
900.
Galovski TE, Monson C, Bruce SE, Resick PA: Does cognitive-behavioral therapy for PTSD improve perceived health and sleep impairment?. J Trauma Stress. 2009, 22: 197-204.PubMedCentralPubMed
901.
Resick PA, Williams LF, Suvak MK, Monson CM, Gradus JL: Long-term outcomes of cognitive-behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder among female rape survivors. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012, 80: 201-210.PubMedCentralPubMed
902.
Bryant RA, Moulds ML, Guthrie RM, Dang ST, Nixon RD: Imaginal exposure alone and imaginal exposure with cognitive restructuring in treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003, 71: 706-712.PubMed
903.
Ehlers A, Clark D, Hackmann A, McManus F, Fennell M, Herbert C, Mayou R: A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003, 60: 1024-1032.PubMed
904.
Zoellner T, Rabe S, Karl A, Maercker A: Post-traumatic growth as outcome of a cognitive-behavioural therapy trial for motor vehicle accident survivors with PTSD. Psychol Psychother. 2011, 84: 201-213.PubMed
905.
Kemp M, Drummond P, McDermott B: A wait-list controlled pilot study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms from motor vehicle accidents. Clinical child psychology and psychiatry. 2010, 15: 5-25.PubMed
906.
Beck JG, Coffey SF, Foy DW, Keane TM, Blanchard EB: Group cognitive behavior therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an initial randomized pilot study. Behav Ther. 2009, 40: 82-92.PubMed
907.
Basoglu M, Salcioglu E, Livanou M: A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychol Med. 2007, 37: 203-213.PubMed
908.
Hogberg G, Pagani M, Sundin O, Soares J, Aberg-Wistedt A, Tarnell B, Hallstrom T: On treatment with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in public transportation workers--a randomized controlled trial. Nord J Psychiatry. 2007, 61: 54-61.PubMed
909.
Keane TM, Zimering RT, Caddell JM: Implosive (flooding) therapy reduces symptoms of PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans. Behav Ther. 1989, 20: 245-260.
910.
Forbes D, Lloyd D, Nixon RD, Elliott P, Varker T, Perry D, Bryant RA, Creamer M: A multisite randomized controlled effectiveness trial of cognitive processing therapy for military-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2012, 26: 442-452.PubMed
911.
Alvarez J, McLean C, Harris AH, Rosen CS, Ruzek JI, Kimerling R: The comparative effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy for male veterans treated in a VHA posttraumatic stress disorder residential rehabilitation program. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011, 79: 590-599.PubMed
912.
Macdonald A, Monson CM, Doron-Lamarca S, Resick PA, Palfai TP: Identifying patterns of symptom change during a randomized controlled trial of cognitive processing therapy for military-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2011, 24: 268-276.PubMed
913.
Monson CM, Schnurr PP, Resick PA, Friedman MJ, Young-Xu Y, Stevens SP: Cognitive processing therapy for veterans with military-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006, 74: 898-907.PubMed
914.
Gros DF, Yoder M, Tuerk PW, Lozano BE, Acierno R: Exposure therapy for PTSD delivered to veterans via telehealth: predictors of treatment completion and outcome and comparison to treatment delivered in person. Behav Ther. 2011, 42: 276-283.PubMed
915.
van Minnen A, Foa EB: The effect of imaginal exposure length on outcome of treatment for PTSD. J Trauma Stress. 2006, 19: 427-438.PubMed
916.
Bryant RA, Moulds ML, Guthrie RM, Dang ST, Mastrodomenico J, Nixon RD, Felmingham KL, Hopwood S, Creamer M: A randomized controlled trial of exposure therapy and cognitive restructuring for posttraumatic stress disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008, 76: 695-703.PubMed
917.
Foa EB, Hembree EA, Cahill SP, Rauch SA, Riggs DS, Feeny NC, Yadin E: Randomized trial of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder with and without cognitive restructuring: outcome at academic and community clinics. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005, 73: 953-964.PubMed
918.
Paunovic N, Öst L-G: Cognitive-behavior therapy vs exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees. Behav Res Ther. 2001, 39: 1183-1197.PubMed
919.
Moser JS, Cahill SP, Foa EB: Evidence for poorer outcome in patients with severe negative trauma-related cognitions receiving prolonged exposure plus cognitive restructuring: implications for treatment matching in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010, 198: 72-75.PubMed
920.
Grunert BK, Weis JM, Smucker MR, Christianson HF: Imagery rescripting and reprocessing therapy after failed prolonged exposure for post-traumatic stress disorder following industrial injury. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2007, 38: 317-328.PubMed
921.
Arntz A, Tiesema M, Kindt M: Treatment of PTSD: a comparison of imaginal exposure with and without imagery rescripting. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2007, 38: 345-370.PubMed
922.
Beidel DC, Frueh BC, Uhde TW, Wong N, Mentrikoski JM: Multicomponent behavioral treatment for chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25: 224-231.PubMedCentralPubMed
923.
Bradley R, Greene J, Russ E, Dutra L, Westen D: A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. Am J Psychiatry. 2005, 162: 214-227.PubMed
924.
Kar N: Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011, 7: 167-181.PubMedCentralPubMed
925.
Schottenbauer MA, Glass CR, Arnkoff DB, Tendick V, Gray SH: Nonresponse and dropout rates in outcome studies on PTSD: review and methodological considerations. Psychiatry. 2008, 71: 134-168.PubMed
926.
van der Kolk BA, Roth S, Pelcovitz D, Sunday S, Spinazzola J: Disorders of extreme stress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma. J Trauma Stress. 2005, 18: 389-399.PubMed
927.
Najavits LM: Expanding the boundaries of PTSD treatment. JAMA. 2012, 308: 714-716.PubMed
928.
Steil R, Dyer A, Priebe K, Kleindienst N, Bohus M: Dialectical behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse: a pilot study of an intensive residential treatment program. J Trauma Stress. 2011, 24: 102-106.PubMed
929.
Harned MS, Jackson SC, Comtois KA, Linehan MM: Dialectical behavior therapy as a precursor to PTSD treatment for suicidal and/or self-injuring women with borderline personality disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2010, 23: 421-429.PubMed
930.
Harned MS, Korslund KE, Foa EB, Linehan MM: Treating PTSD in suicidal and self-injuring women with borderline personality disorder: development and preliminary evaluation of a Dialectical Behavior Therapy Prolonged Exposure Protocol. Behav Res Ther. 2012, 50: 381-386.PubMedCentralPubMed
931.
Mills KL, Teesson M, Back SE, Brady KT, Baker AL, Hopwood S, Sannibale C, Barrett EL, Merz S, Rosenfeld J, Ewer PL: Integrated exposure-based therapy for co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and substance dependence: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012, 308: 690-699.PubMed
932.
Cloitre M, Courtois CA, Charuvastra A, Carapezza R, Stolbach BC, Green BL: Treatment of complex PTSD: results of the ISTSS expert clinician survey on best practices. J Trauma Stress. 2011, 24: 615-627.PubMed
933.
Brunet A, Ashbaugh A, Hebert P: Internet use in the aftermath of trauma. 2010, Amsterdam: NATO Books, IOS Press
934.
Spence J, Titov N, Dear BF, Johnston L, Solley K, Lorian C, Wootton B, Zou J, Schwenke G: Randomized controlled trial of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2011, 28: 541-550.PubMed
935.
Litz BT, Engel CC, Bryant RA, Papa A: A randomized, controlled proof-of-concept trial of an internet-based, therapist-assisted self-management treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2007, 164: 1676-1683.PubMed
936.
Knaevelsrud C, Maercker A: Internet-based treatment for PTSD reduces distress and facilitates the development of a strong therapeutic alliance: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2007, 7: 13-PubMedCentralPubMed
937.
Klein B, Mitchell J, Abbott J, Shandley K, Austin D, Gilson K, Kiropoulos L, Cannard G, Redman T: A therapist-assisted cognitive behavior therapy internet intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder: pre-, post- and 3-month follow-up results from an open trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2010, 24: 635-644.PubMed
938.
Knaevelsrud C, Liedl A, Maercker A: Posttraumatic growth, optimism and openness as outcomes of a cognitive-behavioural intervention for posttraumatic stress reactions. J Health Psychol. 2010, 15: 1030-1038.PubMed
939.
Lange A, van de Ven JP, Schrieken B, Emmelkamp PM: Interapy, treatment of posttraumatic stress through the Internet: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2001, 32: 73-90.PubMed
940.
Lange A, Rietdijk D, Hudcovicova M, van de Ven JP, Schrieken B, Emmelkamp PM: Interapy: a controlled randomized trial of the standardized treatment of posttraumatic stress through the internet. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003, 71: 901-909.PubMed
941.
Rothbaum BO, Hodges LF, Ready D, Graap K, Alarcon RD: Virtual reality exposure therapy for Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001, 62: 617-622.PubMed
942.
Ready DJ, Gerardi RJ, Backscheider AG, Mascaro N, Rothbaum BO: Comparing virtual reality exposure therapy to present-centered therapy with 11 U.S. Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2010, 13: 49-54.PubMed
943.
Difede J, Cukor J, Jayasinghe N, Patt I, Jedel S, Spielman L, Giosan C, Hoffman HG: Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following September 11, 2001. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007, 68: 1639-1647.PubMed
944.
Germain V, Marchand A, Bouchard S, Drouin MS, Guay S: Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy administered by videoconference for posttraumatic stress disorder. Cogn Behav Ther. 2009, 38: 42-53.PubMed
945.
Hetrick SE, Purcell R, Garner B, Parslow R: Combined pharmacotherapy and psychological therapies for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, CD007316-
946.
Cohen JA, Mannarino AP, Perel JM, Staron V: A pilot randomized controlled trial of combined trauma-focused CBT and sertraline for childhood PTSD symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007, 46: 811-819.PubMed
947.
Simon NM, Connor KM, Lang AJ, Rauch S, Krulewicz S, LeBeau RT, Davidson JR, Stein MB, Otto MW, Foa EB, Pollack MH: Paroxetine CR augmentation for posttraumatic stress disorder refractory to prolonged exposure therapy. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008, 69: 400-405.PubMed
948.
Rothbaum BO, Cahill SP, Foa EB, Davidson JR, Compton J, Connor KM, Astin MC, Hahn CG: Augmentation of sertraline with prolonged exposure in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2006, 19: 625-638.PubMed
949.
Otto M, Hinton D, Korbly N, Chea A, Ba P, Gershuny B, Pollack M: Treatment of pharmacotherapy-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder among Cambodian refugees: a pilot study of combination treatment with cognitive-behavior therapy vs sertraline alone. Behav Res Ther. 2003, 41: 1271-1276.PubMed
950.
Schneier FR, Neria Y, Pavlicova M, Hembree E, Suh EJ, Amsel L, Marshall RD: Combined prolonged exposure therapy and paroxetine for PTSD related to the World Trade Center attack: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2012, 169: 80-88.PubMedCentralPubMed
951.
Brunet A, Orr SP, Tremblay J, Robertson K, Nader K, Pitman RK: Effect of post-retrieval propranolol on psychophysiologic responding during subsequent script-driven traumatic imagery in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2008, 42: 503-506.PubMed
952.
Brunet A, Poundja J, Tremblay J, Bui E, Thomas E, Orr SP, Azzoug A, Birmes P, Pitman RK: Trauma reactivation under the influence of propranolol decreases posttraumatic stress symptoms and disorder: 3 open-label trials. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011, 31: 547-550.PubMed
953.
de Kleine RA, Hendriks GJ, Kusters WJ, Broekman TG, van Minnen A: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine to enhance exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2012, 71: 962-968.PubMed
954.
Litz BT, Salters-Pedneault K, Steenkamp MM, Hermos JA, Bryant RA, Otto MW, Hofmann SG: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of d-cycloserine and exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2012, 46: 1184-1190.PubMed
955.
Van Etten M, Taylor S: Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother. 1998, 5: 126-144.
956.
Edmond T, Rubin A: Assessing the long-term effects of EMDR: results from an 18-month follow-up study with adult female survivors of CSA. J Child Sex Abus. 2004, 13: 69-86.PubMed
957.
Wilson SA, Becker LA, Tinker RH: Fifteen-month follow-up of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997, 65: 1047-1056.PubMed
958.
Knaevelsrud C, Maercker A: Long-term effects of an internet-based treatment for posttraumatic stress. Cogn Behav Ther. 2010, 39: 72-77.PubMed
959.
Hogberg G, Pagani M, Sundin O, Soares J, Aberg-Wistedt A, Tarnell B, Hallstrom T: Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: outcome is stable in 35-month follow-up. Psychiatry Res. 2008, 159: 101-108.PubMed
960.
van der Kolk B, Dreyfuss D, Michaels M, Shera D, Berkowitz R, Fisler R, Saxe G: Fluoxetine in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994, 55: 517-522.PubMed
961.
Connor K, Sutherland S, Tupler L, Malik M, Davidson J: Fluoxetine in post-traumatic stress disorder. Randomised, double-blind study. Br J Psychiatry. 1999, 175: 17-22.PubMed
962.
Martenyi F, Brown E, Zhang H, Prakash A, Koke S: Fluoxetine versus placebo in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002, 63: 199-206.PubMed
963.
van der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME, Hopper JW, Hopper EK, Korn DL, Simpson WB: A randomized clinical trial of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007, 68: 37-46.PubMed
964.
Martenyi F, Brown EB, Caldwell CD: Failed efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: results of a fixed-dose, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007, 27: 166-170.PubMed
965.
Hertzberg MA, Feldman ME, Beckham JC, Kudler HS, Davidson JR: Lack of efficacy for fluoxetine in PTSD: a placebo controlled trial in combat veterans. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2000, 12: 101-105.PubMed
966.
Tucker P, Zaninelli R, Yehuda R, Ruggiero L, Dillingham K, Pitts C: Paroxetine in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: results of a placebo-controlled, flexible-dosage trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001, 62: 860-868.PubMed
967.
Marshall R, Beebe K, Oldham M, Zaninelli R: Efficacy and safety of paroxetine treatment for chronic PTSD: a fixed-dose, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2001, 158: 1982-1988.PubMed
968.
Stein D, Davidson J, Seedat S, Beebe K: Paroxetine in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: pooled analysis of placebo-controlled studies. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003, 4: 1829-1838.PubMed
969.
Marshall RD, Lewis-Fernandez R, Blanco C, Simpson HB, Lin SH, Vermes D, Garcia W, Schneier F, Neria Y, Sanchez-Lacay A, Liebowitz MR: A controlled trial of paroxetine for chronic PTSD, dissociation, and interpersonal problems in mostly minority adults. Depress Anxiety. 2007, 24: 77-84.PubMed
970.
Petrakis IL, Ralevski E, Desai N, Trevisan L, Gueorguieva R, Rounsaville B, Krystal JH: Noradrenergic vs serotonergic antidepressant with or without naltrexone for veterans with PTSD and comorbid alcohol dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012, 37: 996-1004.PubMedCentralPubMed
971.
Davidson J, Rothbaum B, van der Kolk B, Sikes C, Farfel G: Multicenter, double-blind comparison of sertraline and placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001, 58: 485-492.PubMed
972.
Brady K, Pearlstein T, Asnis G, Baker D, Rothbaum B, Sikes C, Farfel G: Efficacy and safety of sertraline treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000, 283: 1837-1844.PubMed
973.
Zohar J, Amital D, Miodownik C, Kotler M, Bleich A, Lane R, Austin C: Double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of sertraline in military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002, 22: 190-195.PubMed
974.
Tucker P, Potter-Kimball R, Wyatt D, Parker D, Burgin C, Jones D, Masters B: Can physiologic assessment and side effects tease out differences in PTSD trials? A double-blind comparison of citalopram, sertraline, and placebo. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2003, 37: 135-149.PubMed
975.
Davidson J, Rothbaum BO, Tucker P, Asnis G, Benattia I, Musgnung JJ: Venlafaxine extended release in posttraumatic stress disorder: a sertraline- and placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 26: 259-267.PubMed
976.
Stein DJ, van der Kolk BA, Austin C, Fayyad R, Clary C: Efficacy of sertraline in posttraumatic stress disorder secondary to interpersonal trauma or childhood abuse. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 18: 243-249.PubMed
977.
Friedman MJ, Marmar CR, Baker DG, Sikes CR, Farfel GM: Randomized, double-blind comparison of sertraline and placebo for posttraumatic stress disorder in a Department of Veterans Affairs setting. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007, 68: 711-720.PubMed
978.
Panahi Y, Moghaddam BR, Sahebkar A, Nazari MA, Beiraghdar F, Karami G, Saadat AR: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the efficacy and tolerability of sertraline in Iranian veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med. 2011, 41: 2159-2166.PubMed
979.
Marmar C, Schoenfeld F, Weiss D, Metzler T, Zatzick D, Wu R, Smiga S, Tecott L, Neylan T: Open trial of fluvoxamine treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996, 57 (Suppl 8): 66-70. discussion 71-62PubMed
980.
Escalona R, Canive J, Calais L, Davidson J: Fluvoxamine treatment in veterans with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2002, 15: 29-33.PubMed
981.
Tucker P, Smith K, Marx B, Jones D, Miranda R, Lensgraf J: Fluvoxamine reduces physiologic reactivity to trauma scripts in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000, 20: 367-372.PubMed
982.
Neylan T, Metzler T, Schoenfeld F, Weiss D, Lenoci M, Best S, Lipsey T, Marmar C: Fluvoxamine and sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2001, 14: 461-467.PubMed
983.
De Boer M, Op den Velde W, Falger P, Hovens J, De Groen J, Van Duijn H: Fluvoxamine treatment for chronic PTSD: a pilot study. Psychother Psychosom. 1992, 57: 158-163.PubMed
984.
Spivak B, Strous RD, Shaked G, Shabash E, Kotler M, Weizman A: Reboxetine versus fluvoxamine in the treatment of motor vehicle accident-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a double-blind, fixed-dosage, controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 26: 152-156.PubMed
985.
Robert S, Hamner MB, Ulmer HG, Lorberbaum JP, Durkalski VL: Open-label trial of escitalopram in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 1522-1526.PubMed
986.
Seedat S, Stein D, Emsley R: Open trial of citalopram in adults with post-traumatic stress disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2000, 3: 135-140.PubMed
987.
Seedat S, Stein D, Ziervogel C, Middleton T, Kaminer D, Emsley R, Rossouw W: Comparison of response to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in children, adolescents, and adults with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2002, 12: 37-46.PubMed
988.
English BA, Jewell M, Jewell G, Ambrose S, Davis LL: Treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in combat veterans with citalopram: an open trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 26: 84-88.PubMed
989.
Davidson J, Baldwin D, Stein DJ, Kuper E, Benattia I, Ahmed S, Pedersen R, Musgnung J: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with venlafaxine extended release: a 6-month randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006, 63: 1158-1165.PubMed
990.
Walderhaug E, Kasserman S, Aikins D, Vojvoda D, Nishimura C, Neumeister A: Effects of duloxetine in treatment-refractory men with posttraumatic stress disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2010, 43: 45-49.PubMed
991.
Villarreal G, Canive JM, Calais LA, Toney G, Smith AK: Duloxetine in military posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2010, 43: 26-34.PubMed
992.
Frank J, Kosten T, Giller E, Dan E: A randomized clinical trial of phenelzine and imipramine for posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1988, 145: 1289-1291.PubMed
993.
Kosten T, Frank J, Dan E, McDougle C, Giller E: Pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder using phenelzine or imipramine. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1991, 179: 366-370.PubMed
994.
Davidson J, Kudler H, Smith R, Mahorney S, Lipper S, Hammett E, Saunders W, Cavenar J: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with amitriptyline and placebo. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990, 47: 259-266.PubMed
995.
Reist C, Kauffmann C, Haier R, Sangdahl C, De ME, Chicz-De MA, Nelson J: A controlled trial of desipramine in 18 men with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1989, 146: 513-516.PubMed
996.
Shestatzky M, Greenberg D, Lerer B: A controlled trial of phenelzine in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1988, 24: 149-155.PubMed
997.
Onder E, Tural U, Aker T: A comparative study of fluoxetine, moclobemide, and tianeptine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following an earthquake. Eur Psychiatry. 2006, 21: 174-179.PubMed
998.
Neal L, Shapland W, Fox C: An open trial of moclobemide in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997, 12: 231-237.PubMed
999.
Connor K, Davidson J, Weisler R, Ahearn E: A pilot study of mirtazapine in post-traumatic stress disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999, 14: 29-31.PubMed
1000.
Davidson JR, Weisler RH, Butterfield MI, Casat CD, Connor KM, Barnett S, van Meter S: Mirtazapine vs. placebo in posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot trial. Biol Psychiatry. 2003, 53: 188-191.PubMed
1001.
Chung M, Min K, Jun Y, Kim S, Kim W, Jun E: Efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine and sertraline in Korean veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized open label trial. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004, 19: 489-494.PubMed
1002.
Alderman CP, Condon JT, Gilbert AL: An open-label study of mirtazapine as treatment for combat-related PTSD. Ann Pharmacother. 2009, 43: 1220-1226.PubMed
1003.
Canive J, Clark R, Calais L, Qualls C, Tuason V: Bupropion treatment in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: an open study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998, 18: 379-383.PubMed
1004.
Franciskovic T, Sukovic Z, Janovic S, Stevanovic A, Nemcic-Moro I, Roncevic-Grzeta I, Letica-Crepulja M: Tianeptine in the combined treatment of combat related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Danub. 2011, 23: 257-263.PubMed
1005.
Becker ME, Hertzberg MA, Moore SD, Dennis MF, Bukenya DS, Beckham JC: A placebo-controlled trial of bupropion SR in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007, 27: 193-197.PubMed
1006.
Braun P, Greenberg D, Dasberg H, Lerer B: Core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder unimproved by alprazolam treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990, 51: 236-238.PubMed
1007.
Cates M, Bishop M, Davis L, Lowe J, Woolley T: Clonazepam for treatment of sleep disturbances associated with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2004, 38: 1395-1399.PubMed
1008.
Shalev A, Rogel-Fuchs Y: Auditory startle reflex in post-traumatic stress disorder patients treated with clonazepam. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1992, 29: 1-6.PubMed
1009.
Tucker P, Trautman RP, Wyatt DB, Thompson J, Wu SC, Capece JA, Rosenthal NR: Efficacy and safety of topiramate monotherapy in civilian posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007, 68: 201-206.PubMed
1010.
Yeh MS, Mari JJ, Costa MC, Andreoli SB, Bressan RA, Mello MF: A double-blind randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy of topiramate in a civilian sample of PTSD. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011, 17: 305-310.PubMed
1011.
Hertzberg M, Butterfield M, Feldman M, Beckham J, Sutherland S, Connor K, Davidson J: A preliminary study of lamotrigine for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1999, 45: 1226-1229.PubMed
1012.
Lipper S, Davidson J, Grady T, Edinger J, Hammett E, Mahorney S, Cavenar J: Preliminary study of carbamazepine in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychosomatics. 1986, 27: 849-854.PubMed
1013.
Wolf M, Alavi A, Mosnaim A: Posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans clinical and EEG findings; possible therapeutic effects of carbamazepine. Biol Psychiatry. 1988, 23: 642-644.PubMed
1014.
Fesler F: Valproate in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991, 52: 361-364.PubMed
1015.
Clark R, Canive J, Calais L, Qualls C, Tuason V: Divalproex in posttraumatic stress disorder: an open-label clinical trial. J Trauma Stress. 1999, 12: 395-401.PubMed
1016.
Davis LL, Davidson JR, Ward LC, Bartolucci A, Bowden CL, Petty F: Divalproex in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in a veteran population. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008, 28: 84-88.PubMed
1017.
Hamner MB, Faldowski RA, Robert S, Ulmer HG, Horner MD, Lorberbaum JP: A preliminary controlled trial of divalproex in posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2009, 21: 89-94.PubMed
1018.
Davidson JR, Brady K, Mellman TA, Stein MB, Pollack MH: The efficacy and tolerability of tiagabine in adult patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007, 27: 85-88.PubMed
1019.
Hamner M, Brodrick P, Labbate L: Gabapentin in PTSD: a retrospective, clinical series of adjunctive therapy. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2001, 13: 141-146.PubMed
1020.
Malek-Ahmadi P: Gabapentin and posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2003, 37: 664-666.PubMed
1021.
Kinrys G, Wygant LE, Pardo TB, Melo M: Levetiracetam for treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 211-214.PubMed
1022.
Pae CU, Marks DM, Han C, Masand PS, Patkar AA: Pregabalin augmentation of antidepressants in patients with accident-related posttraumatic stress disorder: an open label pilot study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009, 24: 29-33.PubMed
1023.
Schwartz T: The use of tiagabine augmentation for treatment-resistant anxiety disorders: a case series. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2002, 36: 53-57.PubMed
1024.
Taylor F: Tiagabine for posttraumatic stress disorder: a case series of 7 women. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003, 64: 1421-1425.PubMed
1025.
Berigan T: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with tiagabine. Can J Psychiatry. 2002, 47: 788-PubMed
1026.
Berlant J: Prospective open-label study of add-on and monotherapy topiramate in civilians with chronic nonhallucinatory posttraumatic stress disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2004, 4: 24-PubMedCentralPubMed
1027.
Berlant J, van Kammen D: Open-label topiramate as primary or adjunctive therapy in chronic civilian posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary report. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002, 63: 15-20.PubMed
1028.
Lindley SE, Carlson EB, Hill K: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of augmentation topiramate for chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007, 27: 677-681.PubMed
1029.
Alderman CP, McCarthy LC, Condon JT, Marwood AC, Fuller JR: Topiramate in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2009, 43: 635-641.PubMed
1030.
Padala PR, Madison J, Monnahan M, Marcil W, Price P, Ramaswamy S, Din AU, Wilson DR, Petty F: Risperidone monotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder related to sexual assault and domestic abuse in women. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 21: 275-280.PubMed
1031.
Villarreal G, Calais LA, Canive JM, Lundy SL, Pickard J, Toney G: Prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of aripiprazole as a monotherapy in patients with severe chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: an open trial. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2007, 40: 6-18.PubMed
1032.
Mello MF, Costa MC, Schoedl AF, Fiks JP: Aripiprazole in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: an open-label trial. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2008, 30: 358-361.PubMed
1033.
Lambert MT: Aripiprazole in the management of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in returning global war on terrorism veterans. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 21: 185-187.PubMed
1034.
Kozaric-Kovacic D, Pivac N: Quetiapine treatment in an open trial in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder with psychotic features. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007, 10: 253-261.PubMed
1035.
Byers MG, Allison KM, Wendel CS, Lee JK: Prazosin versus quetiapine for nighttime posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in veterans: an assessment of long-term comparative effectiveness and safety. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010, 30: 225-229.PubMed
1036.
Butterfield MI, Becker ME, Connor KM, Sutherland S, Churchill LE, Davidson JR: Olanzapine in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a pilot study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001, 16: 197-203.PubMed
1037.
Pivac N, Kozaric-Kovacic D, Muck-Seler D: Olanzapine versus fluphenazine in an open trial in patients with psychotic combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004, 175: 451-456.
1038.
Petty F, Brannan S, Casada J, Davis L, Gajewski V, Kramer G, Stone R, Teten A, Worchel J, Young K: Olanzapine treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: an open-label study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001, 16: 331-337.PubMed
1039.
Hamner M, Faldowski R, Ulmer H, Frueh B, Huber M, Arana G: Adjunctive risperidone treatment in post-traumatic stress disorder: a preliminary controlled trial of effects on comorbid psychotic symptoms. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003, 18: 1-8.PubMed
1040.
Monnelly E, Ciraulo D, Knapp C, Keane T: Low-dose risperidone as adjunctive therapy for irritable aggression in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003, 23: 193-196.PubMed
1041.
Bartzokis G, Lu P, Turner J, Mintz J, Saunders C: Adjunctive risperidone in the treatment of chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005, 57: 474-479.PubMed
1042.
Reich D, Winternitz S, Hennen J, Watts T, Stanculescu C: A preliminary study of risperidone in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse in women. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 1601-1606.PubMed
1043.
Krystal JH, Rosenheck RA, Cramer JA, Vessicchio JC, Jones KM, Vertrees JE, Horney RA, Huang GD, Stock C: Adjunctive risperidone treatment for antidepressant-resistant symptoms of chronic military service-related PTSD: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2011, 306: 493-502.PubMed
1044.
Rothbaum BO, Killeen TK, Davidson JR, Brady KT, Connor KM, Heekin MH: Placebo-controlled trial of risperidone augmentation for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant civilian posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008, 69: 520-525.PubMed
1045.
Stein M, Kline N, Matloff J: Adjunctive olanzapine for SSRI-resistant combat-related PTSD: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2002, 159: 1777-1779.PubMed
1046.
Robert S, Hamner MB, Durkalski VL, Brown MW, Ulmer HG: An open-label assessment of aripiprazole in the treatment of PTSD. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2009, 42: 69-80.PubMed
1047.
Richardson JD, Fikretoglu D, Liu A, McIntosh D: Aripiprazole augmentation in the treatment of military-related PTSD with major depression: a retrospective chart review. BMC Psychiatry. 2011, 11: 86-PubMedCentralPubMed
1048.
Sokolski K, Denson T, Lee R, Reist C: Quetiapine for treatment of refractory symptoms of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Mil Med. 2003, 168: 486-489.PubMed
1049.
Hamner M, Deitsch S, Brodrick P, Ulmer H, Lorberbaum J: Quetiapine treatment in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: an open trial of adjunctive therapy. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003, 23: 15-20.PubMed
1050.
Ahearn EP, Mussey M, Johnson C, Krohn A, Krahn D: Quetiapine as an adjunctive treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: an 8-week open-label study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 21: 29-33.PubMed
1051.
Duffy J, Malloy P: Efficacy of buspirone in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: an open trial. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1994, 6: 33-37.PubMed
1052.
Wells B, Chu C, Johnson R, Nasdahl C, Ayubi M, Sewell E, Statham P: Buspirone in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Pharmacotherapy. 1991, 11: 340-343.PubMed
1053.
Hertzberg M, Feldman M, Beckham J, Davidson J: Trial of trazodone for posttraumatic stress disorder using a multiple baseline group design. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996, 16: 294-298.PubMed
1054.
Battista MA, Hierholzer R, Khouzam HR, Barlow A, O'Toole S: Pilot trial of memantine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry. 2007, 70: 167-174.PubMed
1055.
Pollack MH, Hoge EA, Worthington JJ, Moshier SJ, Wechsler RS, Brandes M, Simon NM: Eszopiclone for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and associated insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011, 72: 892-897.PubMed
1056.
Kinzie J, Leung P: Clonidine in Cambodian patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1989, 177: 546-550.PubMed
1057.
Neylan TC, Lenoci M, Samuelson KW, Metzler TJ, Henn-Haase C, Hierholzer RW, Lindley SE, Otte C, Schoenfeld FB, Yesavage JA, Marmar CR: No improvement of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with guanfacine treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2006, 163: 2186-2188.PubMed
1058.
Davis LL, Ward C, Rasmusson A, Newell JM, Frazier E, Southwick SM: A placebo-controlled trial of guanfacine for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2008, 41: 8-18.PubMed
1059.
Abramowitz EG, Barak Y, Ben-Avi I, Knobler HY: Hypnotherapy in the treatment of chronic combat-related PTSD patients suffering from insomnia: a randomized, zolpidem-controlled clinical trial. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2008, 56: 270-280.PubMed
1060.
Stein D, Seedat S, van dLG, Zungu-Dirwayi N: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000, 15 (Suppl 2): S31-39.PubMed
1061.
Pae CU, Lim HK, Peindl K, Ajwani N, Serretti A, Patkar AA, Lee C: The atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008, 23: 1-8.PubMed
1062.
Raskind M, Peskind E, Kanter E, Petrie E, Radant A, Thompson C, Dobie D, Hoff D, Rein R, Straits-Troster K, et al: Reduction of nightmares and other PTSD symptoms in combat veterans by prazosin: a placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2003, 160: 371-373.PubMed
1063.
Peskind E, Bonner L, Hoff D, Raskind M: Prazosin reduces trauma-related nightmares in older men with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2003, 16: 165-171.PubMed
1064.
Taylor F, Raskind M: The alpha1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin improves sleep and nightmares in civilian trauma posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002, 22: 82-85.PubMed
1065.
Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Hoff DJ, Hart KL, Holmes HA, Warren D, Shofer J, O'Connell J, Taylor F, Gross C, et al: A parallel group placebo controlled study of prazosin for trauma nightmares and sleep disturbance in combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2007, 61: 928-934.PubMed
1066.
Taylor FB, Martin P, Thompson C, Williams J, Mellman TA, Gross C, Peskind ER, Raskind MA: Prazosin effects on objective sleep measures and clinical symptoms in civilian trauma posttraumatic stress disorder: a placebo-controlled study. Biol Psychiatry. 2008, 63: 629-632.PubMedCentralPubMed
1067.
Lubin G, Weizman A, Shmushkevitz M, Valevski A: Short-term treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with naltrexone: an open-label preliminary study. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2002, 17: 181-185.PubMed
1068.
Bohus MJ, Landwehrmeyer GB, Stiglmayr CE, Limberger MF, Bohme R, Schmahl CG: Naltrexone in the treatment of dissociative symptoms in patients with borderline personality disorder: an open-label trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999, 60: 598-603.PubMed
1069.
Glover H: A preliminary trial of nalmefene for the treatment of emotional numbing in combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1993, 30: 255-263.PubMed
1070.
Bills LJ, Kreisler K: Treatment of flashbacks with naltrexone. Am J Psychiatry. 1993, 150: 1430-PubMed
1071.
Jacobs-Rebhun S, Schnurr PP, Friedman MJ, Peck R, Brophy M, Fuller D: Posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep difficulty [Letter]. Am J Psychiatry. 2000, 157: 1525-1526.PubMed
1072.
Davidson J, Connor K, Hertzberg M, Weisler R, Wilson W, Payne V: Maintenance therapy with fluoxetine in posttraumatic stress disorder: a placebo-controlled discontinuation study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005, 25: 166-169.PubMed
1073.
Martenyi F, Brown E, Zhang H, Koke S, Prakash A: Fluoxetine v. placebo in prevention of relapse in post-traumatic stress disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2002, 181: 315-320.PubMed
1074.
Davidson J, Pearlstein T, Londborg P, Brady K, Rothbaum B, Bell J, Maddock R, Hegel M, Farfel G: Efficacy of sertraline in preventing relapse of posttraumatic stress disorder: results of a 28-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2001, 158: 1974-1981.PubMed
1075.
Connor KM, Davidson JR, Weisler RH, Zhang W, Abraham K: Tiagabine for posttraumatic stress disorder: effects of open-label and double-blind discontinuation treatment. Psychopharmacology. 2006, 184: 21-25.PubMed
1076.
Kim Y, Asukai N, Konishi T, Kato H, Hirotsune H, Maeda M, Inoue H, Narita H, Iwasaki M: Clinical evaluation of paroxetine in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): 52-week, non-comparative open-label study for clinical use experience. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008, 62: 646-652.PubMed
1077.
Londborg P, Hegel M, Goldstein S, Goldstein D, Himmelhoch J, Maddock R, Patterson W, Rausch J, Farfel G: Sertraline treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: results of 24 weeks of open-label continuation treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001, 62: 325-331.PubMed
1078.
Boggio PS, Rocha M, Oliveira MO, Fecteau S, Cohen RB, Campanha C, Ferreira-Santos E, Meleiro A, Corchs F, Zaghi S, et al: Noninvasive brain stimulation with high-frequency and low-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010, 71: 992-999.PubMedCentralPubMed
1079.
Watts BV, Landon B, Groft A, Young-Xu Y: A sham controlled study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Stimul. 2012, 5: 38-43.PubMed
1080.
Osuch EA, Benson BE, Luckenbaugh DA, Geraci M, Post RM, McCann U: Repetitive TMS combined with exposure therapy for PTSD: a preliminary study. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 54-59.PubMedCentralPubMed
1081.
Margoob MA, Ali Z, Andrade C: Efficacy of ECT in chronic, severe, antidepressant- and CBT-refractory PTSD: an open, prospective study. Brain Stimul. 2010, 3: 28-35.PubMed
1082.
Watts BV: Electroconvulsive therapy for comorbid major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. J ECT. 2007, 23: 93-95.PubMed
1083.
Hollifield M, Sinclair-Lian N, Warner TD, Hammerschlag R: Acupuncture for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007, 195: 504-513.PubMed
1084.
Bormann JE, Thorp S, Wetherell JL, Golshan S: A spiritually based group intervention for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: feasibility study. J Holist Nurs. 2008, 26: 109-116.PubMedCentralPubMed
1085.
Rosenthal JZ, Grosswald S, Ross R, Rosenthal N: Effects of transcendental meditation in veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom with posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study. Mil Med. 2011, 176: 626-630.PubMed
1086.
Vesga-Lopez O, Blanco C, Keyes K, Olfson M, Grant BF, Hasin DS: Psychiatric disorders in pregnant and postpartum women in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008, 65: 805-815.PubMedCentralPubMed
1087.
Sutter-Dallay AL, Giaconne-Marcesche V, Glatigny-Dallay E, Verdoux H: Women with anxiety disorders during pregnancy are at increased risk of intense postnatal depressive symptoms: a prospective survey of the MATQUID cohort. Eur Psychiatry. 2004, 19: 459-463.PubMed
1088.
Buist A, Gotman N, Yonkers KA: Generalized anxiety disorder: course and risk factors in pregnancy. J Affect Disord. 2011, 131: 277-283.PubMedCentralPubMed
1089.
Ross LE, McLean LM: Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 1285-1298.PubMed
1090.
Zambaldi CF, Cantilino A, Montenegro AC, Paes JA, de Albuquerque TL, Sougey EB: Postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence and clinical characteristics. Compr Psychiatry. 2009, 50: 503-509.PubMed
1091.
Alcorn KL, O'Donovan A, Patrick JC, Creedy D, Devilly GJ: A prospective longitudinal study of the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from childbirth events. Psychol Med. 2010, 40: 1849-1859.PubMed
1092.
Forray A, Mayes LC, Magriples U, Epperson CN: Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in pregnant women with prior pregnancy complications. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009, 22: 522-527.PubMedCentralPubMed
1093.
Banhidy F, Acs N, Puho E, Czeizel AE: Association between maternal panic disorders and pregnancy complications and delivery outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2006, 124: 47-52.PubMed
1094.
Lilliecreutz C, Sydsjo G, Josefsson A: Obstetric and perinatal outcomes among women with blood- and injection phobia during pregnancy. J Affect Disord. 2011, 129: 289-295.PubMed
1095.
Chen YH, Lin HC, Lee HC: Pregnancy outcomes among women with panic disorder - do panic attacks during pregnancy matter?. J Affect Disord. 2010, 120: 258-262.PubMed
1096.
Littleton HL, Breitkopf CR, Berenson AB: Correlates of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and association with perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007, 196: 424-432.PubMed
1097.
Rogal SS, Poschman K, Belanger K, Howell HB, Smith MV, Medina J, Yonkers KA: Effects of posttraumatic stress disorder on pregnancy outcomes. J Affect Disord. 2007, 102: 137-143.PubMedCentralPubMed
1098.
Newport DJ, Ji S, Long Q, Knight BT, Zach EB, Smith EN, Morris NJ, Stowe ZN: Maternal depression and anxiety differentially impact fetal exposures during pregnancy. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012, 73: 247-251.PubMed
1099.
Lee AM, Lam SK, Sze Mun Lau SM, Chong CS, Chui HW, Fong DY: Prevalence, course, and risk factors for antenatal anxiety and depression. Obstet Gynecol. 2007, 110: 1102-1112.PubMed
1100.
Challacombe F, Salkovskis P: A preliminary investigation of the impact of maternal obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder on parenting and children. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 848-857.PubMed
1101.
Zelkowitz P, Na S, Wang T, Bardin C, Papageorgiou A: Early maternal anxiety predicts cognitive and behavioural outcomes of VLBW children at 24 months corrected age. Acta Paediatr. 2011, 100: 700-704.PubMed
1102.
O'Connor T, Heron J, Glover V: Antenatal anxiety predicts child behavioral/emotional problems independently of postnatal depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002, 41: 1470-1477.PubMed
1103.
Martini J, Knappe S, Beesdo-Baum K, Lieb R, Wittchen HU: Anxiety disorders before birth and self-perceived distress during pregnancy: associations with maternal depression and obstetric, neonatal and early childhood outcomes. Early Hum Dev. 2010, 86: 305-310.PubMed
1104.
Seekles W, Cuijpers P, Kok R, Beekman A, van Marwijk H, van Straten A: Psychological treatment of anxiety in primary care: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2012, : 1-11.
1105.
Lilliecreutz C, Josefsson A, Sydsjo G: An open trial with cognitive behavioral therapy for blood- and injection phobia in pregnant women-a group intervention program. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2010, 13: 259-265.PubMed
1106.
Challacombe FL, Salkovskis PM: Intensive cognitive-behavioural treatment for women with postnatal obsessive-compulsive disorder: a consecutive case series. Behav Res Ther. 2011, 49: 422-426.PubMed
1107.
Arch JJ, Dimidjian S, Chessick C: Are exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapies safe during pregnancy?. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2012, 15: 445-457.PubMed
1108.
ACOG Practice Bulletin: Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists number 92, April 2008 (replaces practice bulletin number 87, November 2007). Use of psychiatric medications during pregnancy and lactation. Obstet Gynecol. 2008, 111: 1001-1020.
1109.
Law R, Bozzo P, Koren G, Einarson A: FDA pregnancy risk categories and the CPS: do they help or are they a hindrance?. Can Fam Physician. 2010, 56: 239-241.PubMedCentralPubMed
1110.
Einarson A, Choi J, Einarson TR, Koren G: Incidence of major malformations in infants following antidepressant exposure in pregnancy: results of a large prospective cohort study. Can J Psychiatry. 2009, 54: 242-246.PubMed
1111.
Malm H, Artama M, Gissler M, Ritvanen A: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk for major congenital anomalies. Obstet Gynecol. 2011, 118: 111-120.PubMed
1112.
Bellantuono C, Migliarese G, Gentile S: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and the risk of major malformations: a systematic review. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2007, 22: 121-128.PubMed
1113.
Grigoriadis S, Vonderporten EH, Mamisashvili L, Roerecke M, Rehm J, Dennis CL, Koren G, Steiner M, Mousmanis P, Cheung A, Ross LE: Antidepressant exposure during pregnancy and congenital malformations: is there an association? a systematic review and meta-analysis of the best evidence. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013, 74: e293-308.PubMed
1114.
Reis M, Kallen B: Delivery outcome after maternal use of antidepressant drugs in pregnancy: an update using Swedish data. Psychol Med. 2010, 40: 1723-1733.PubMed
1115.
Bar-Oz B, Einarson T, Einarson A, Boskovic R, O'Brien L, Malm H, Berard A, Koren G: Paroxetine and congenital malformations: meta-analysis and consideration of potential confounding factors. Clin Ther. 2007, 29: 918-926.PubMed
1116.
Wurst KE, Poole C, Ephross SA, Olshan AF: First trimester paroxetine use and the prevalence of congenital, specifically cardiac, defects: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2010, 88: 159-170.PubMed
1117.
1118.
Ross LE, Grigoriadis S, Mamisashvili L, Vonderporten EH, Roerecke M, Rehm J, Dennis CL, Koren G, Steiner M, Mousmanis P, Cheung A: Selected pregnancy and delivery outcomes after exposure to antidepressant medication: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013, 70: 436-443.PubMed
1119.
Hemels ME, Einarson A, Koren G, Lanctot KL, Einarson TR: Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the rates of spontaneous abortions: a meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2005, 39: 803-809.PubMed
1120.
Rahimi R, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M: Pregnancy outcomes following exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Reprod Toxicol. 2006, 22: 571-575.PubMed
1121.
Grigoriadis S, Vonderporten EH, Mamisashvili L, Eady A, Tomlinson G, Dennis CL, Koren G, Steiner M, Mousmanis P, Cheung A, Ross LE: The effect of prenatal antidepressant exposure on neonatal adaptation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013, 74: e309-320.PubMed
1122.
Moses-Kolko EL, Bogen D, Perel J, Bregar A, Uhl K, Levin B, Wisner KL: Neonatal signs after late in utero exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitors: literature review and implications for clinical applications. JAMA. 2005, 293: 2372-2383.PubMed
1123.
Lattimore KA, Donn SM, Kaciroti N, Kemper AR, Neal CR, Vazquez DM: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use during pregnancy and effects on the fetus and newborn: a meta-analysis. J Perinatol. 2005, 25: 595-604.PubMed
1124.
Chambers CD, Hernandez-Diaz S, Van Marter LJ, Werler MM, Louik C, Jones KL, Mitchell AA: Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. N Engl J Med. 2006, 354: 579-587.PubMed
1125.
Kieler H, Artama M, Engeland A, Ericsson O, Furu K, Gissler M, Nielsen RB, Norgaard M, Stephansson O, Valdimarsdottir U, et al: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn: population based cohort study from the five Nordic countries. BMJ. 2012, 344: d8012-PubMed
1126.
Andrade SE, McPhillips H, Loren D, Raebel MA, Lane K, Livingston J, Boudreau DM, Smith DH, Davis RL, Willy ME, Platt R: Antidepressant medication use and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009, 18: 246-252.PubMed
1127.
Wilson KL, Zelig CM, Harvey JP, Cunningham BS, Dolinsky BM, Napolitano PG: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is associated with mode of delivery and not with maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Perinatol. 2011, 28: 19-24.PubMed
1128.
Gentile S: Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to psychotropic medications. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 675-686.PubMed
1129.
Gentile S, Galbally M: Prenatal exposure to antidepressant medications and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2011, 128: 1-9.PubMed
1130.
Udechuku A, Nguyen T, Hill R, Szego K: Antidepressants in pregnancy: a systematic review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010, 44: 978-996.PubMed
1131.
Nulman I, Koren G, Rovet J, Barrera M, Pulver A, Streiner D, Feldman B: Neurodevelopment of children following prenatal exposure to venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or untreated maternal depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2012, 169: 1165-1174.PubMed
1132.
Croen LA, Grether JK, Yoshida CK, Odouli R, Hendrick V: Antidepressant use during pregnancy and childhood autism spectrum disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011, 68: 1104-1112.PubMed
1133.
Rai D, Lee BK, Dalman C, Golding J, Lewis G, Magnusson C: Parental depression, maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy, and risk of autism spectrum disorders: population based case-control study. BMJ. 2013, 346: f2059-PubMedCentralPubMed
1134.
Figueroa R: Use of antidepressants during pregnancy and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2010, 31: 641-648.PubMed
1135.
Froehlich TE, Anixt JS, Loe IM, Chirdkiatgumchai V, Kuan L, Gilman RC: Update on environmental risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Current psychiatry reports. 2011, 13: 333-344.PubMedCentralPubMed
1136.
1137.
Enato E, Moretti M, Koren G: The fetal safety of benzodiazepines: an updated meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2011, 33: 46-48.PubMed
1138.
Altshuler LL, Cohen L, Szuba MP, Burt VK, Gitlin M, Mintz J: Pharmacologic management of psychiatric illness during pregnancy: dilemmas and guidelines. Am J Psychiatry. 1996, 153: 592-606.PubMed
1139.
Eros E, Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M, Sorensen HT, Olsen J: A population-based case-control teratologic study of nitrazepam, medazepam, tofisopam, alprazolum and clonazepam treatment during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002, 101: 147-154.PubMed
1140.
Kelly LE, Poon S, Madadi P, Koren G: Neonatal benzodiazepines exposure during breastfeeding. J Pediatr. 2012, 161: 448-451.PubMed
1141.
Gentile S: Antipsychotic therapy during early and late pregnancy. A systematic review. Schizophr Bull. 2010, 36: 518-544.PubMedCentralPubMed
1142.
Einarson A, Boskovic R: Use and safety of antipsychotic drugs during pregnancy. J Psychiatr Pract. 2009, 15: 183-192.PubMed
1143.
Oyebode F, Rastogi A, Berrisford G, Coccia F: Psychotropics in pregnancy: safety and other considerations. Pharmacol Ther. 2012, 135: 71-77.PubMed
1144.
Newham JJ, Thomas SH, MacRitchie K, McElhatton PR, McAllister-Williams RH: Birth weight of infants after maternal exposure to typical and atypical antipsychotics: prospective comparison study. Br J Psychiatry. 2008, 192: 333-337.PubMed
1145.
Diav-Citrin O, Shechtman S, Ornoy S, Arnon J, Schaefer C, Garbis H, Clementi M, Ornoy A: Safety of haloperidol and penfluridol in pregnancy: a multicenter, prospective, controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 317-322.PubMed
1146.
McKenna K, Koren G, Tetelbaum M, Wilton L, Shakir S, Diav-Citrin O, Levinson A, Zipursky RB, Einarson A: Pregnancy outcome of women using atypical antipsychotic drugs: a prospective comparative study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005, 66: 444-449. quiz 546PubMed
1147.
Lin HC, Chen IJ, Chen YH, Lee HC, Wu FJ: Maternal schizophrenia and pregnancy outcome: does the use of antipsychotics make a difference?. Schizophr Res. 2010, 116: 55-60.PubMed
1148.
Hironaka M, Kotani T, Sumigama S, Tsuda H, Mano Y, Hayakawa H, Tanaka S, Ozaki N, Tamakoshi K, Kikkawa F: Maternal mental disorders and pregnancy outcomes: a clinical study in a Japanese population. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2011, 37: 1283-1289.PubMed
1149.
Wichman CL: Atypical antipsychotic use in pregnancy: a retrospective review. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2009, 12: 53-57.PubMed
1150.
Galbally M, Snellen M, Lewis AJ: A review of the use of psychotropic medication in pregnancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2011, 23: 408-414.PubMed
1151.
1152.
1153.
1154.
Gentile S: Infant safety with antipsychotic therapy in breast-feeding: a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008, 69: 666-673.PubMed
1155.
Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Costello EJ, Georgiades K, Green JG, Gruber MJ, He JP, Koretz D, McLaughlin KA, Petukhova M, et al: Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012, 69: 372-380.PubMedCentralPubMed
1156.
Merikangas KR, He JP, Burstein M, Swanson SA, Avenevoli S, Cui L, Benjet C, Georgiades K, Swendsen J: Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010, 49: 980-989.PubMedCentralPubMed
1157.
Meltzer H, Vostanis P, Dogra N, Doos L, Ford T, Goodman R: Children's specific fears. Child Care Health Dev. 2009, 35: 781-789.PubMed
1158.
Heyman I, Fombonne E, Simmons H, Ford T, Meltzer H, Goodman R: Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the British nationwide survey of child mental health. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2003, 15: 178-184.PubMed
1159.
Apter A, Fallon TJ, King RA, Ratzoni G, Zohar AH, Binder M, Weizman A, Leckman JF, Pauls DL, Kron S, Cohen DJ: Obsessive-compulsive characteristics: from symptoms to syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996, 35: 907-912.PubMed
1160.
Flament MF, Whitaker A, Rapoport JL, Davies M, Berg CZ, Kalikow K, Sceery W, Shaffer D: Obsessive compulsive disorder in adolescence: an epidemiological study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1988, 27: 764-771.PubMed
1161.
Albano AM, Kendall PC: Cognitive behavioural therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders: Clinical research advances. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2002, 14: 129-134.
1162.
Kendall P, Brady E, Verduin T: Comorbidity in childhood anxiety disorders and treatment outcome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001, 40: 787-794.PubMed
1163.
Verduin T, Kendall P: Differential occurrence of comorbidity within childhood anxiety disorders. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2003, 32: 290-295.PubMed
1164.
Bernstein GA, Bernat DH, Davis AA, Layne AE: Symptom presentation and classroom functioning in a nonclinical sample of children with social phobia. Depress Anxiety. 2008, 25: 752-760.PubMed
1165.
Layne AE, Bernat DH, Victor AM, Bernstein GA: Generalized anxiety disorder in a nonclinical sample of children: symptom presentation and predictors of impairment. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 283-289.PubMedCentralPubMed
1166.
Frojd S, Ranta K, Kaltiala-Heino R, Marttunen M: Associations of social phobia and general anxiety with alcohol and drug use in a community sample of adolescents. Alcohol Alcohol. 2011, 46: 192-199.PubMed
1167.
Low NC, Lee SS, Johnson JG, Williams JB, Harris ES: The association between anxiety and alcohol versus cannabis abuse disorders among adolescents in primary care settings. Fam Pract. 2008, 25: 321-327.PubMed
1168.
Reed PL, Anthony JC, Breslau N: Incidence of drug problems in young adults exposed to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: do early life experiences and predispositions matter?. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007, 64: 1435-1442.PubMed
1169.
Cornelius JR, Kirisci L, Reynolds M, Clark DB, Hayes J, Tarter R: PTSD contributes to teen and young adult cannabis use disorders. Addict Behav. 2010, 35: 91-94.PubMedCentralPubMed
1170.
Forbes EE, Bertocci MA, Gregory AM, Ryan ND, Axelson DA, Birmaher B, Dahl RE: Objective sleep in pediatric anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008, 47: 148-155.PubMedCentralPubMed
1171.
Alfano CA, Ginsburg GS, Kingery JN: Sleep-related problems among children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007, 46: 224-232.PubMed
1172.
Alfano CA, Kim KL: Objective sleep patterns and severity of symptoms in pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder: a pilot investigation. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25: 835-839.PubMedCentralPubMed
1173.
Storch EA, Murphy TK, Lack CW, Geffken GR, Jacob ML, Goodman WK: Sleep-related problems in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 877-885.PubMedCentralPubMed
1174.
Ginsburg GS, Riddle MA, Davies M: Somatic symptoms in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006, 45: 1179-1187.PubMed
1175.
Boden JM, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ: Anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviours in adolescence and young adulthood: findings from a longitudinal study. Psychol Med. 2007, 37: 431-440.PubMed
1176.
Andres S, Boget T, Lazaro L, Penades R, Morer A, Salamero M, Castro-Fornieles J: Neuropsychological performance in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder and influence of clinical variables. Biol Psychiatry. 2007, 61: 946-951.PubMed
1177.
Jacob ML, Morelen D, Suveg C, Brown Jacobsen AM, Whiteside SP: Emotional, behavioral, and cognitive factors that differentiate obsessive-compulsive disorder and other anxiety disorders in youth. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2012, 25: 229-237.PubMed
1178.
Hughes AA, Lourea-Waddell B, Kendall PC: Somatic complaints in children with anxiety disorders and their unique prediction of poorer academic performance. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2008, 39: 211-220.PubMed
1179.
Grills-Taquechel AE, Fletcher JM, Vaughn SR, Denton CA, Taylor P: Anxiety and inattention as predictors of achievement in early elementary school children. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2013, 26: 391-410.PubMedCentralPubMed
1180.
Tillfors M, Persson S, Willen M, Burk WJ: Prospective links between social anxiety and adolescent peer relations. J Adolesc. 2012, 35: 1255-1263.PubMed
1181.
Teubert D, Pinquart M: A meta-analytic review on the prevention of symptoms of anxiety in children and adolescents. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25: 1046-1059.
1182.
Barrett PM, Farrell LJ, Ollendick TH, Dadds M: Long-term outcomes of an Australian universal prevention trial of anxiety and depression symptoms in children and youth: an evaluation of the friends program. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2006, 35: 403-411.PubMed
1183.
Simon E, Bogels SM, Voncken JM: Efficacy of child-focused and parent-focused interventions in a child anxiety prevention study. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2011, 40: 204-219.PubMed
1184.
Manassis K, Wilansky-Traynor P, Farzan N, Kleiman V, Parker K, Sanford M: The feelings club: randomized controlled evaluation of school-based CBT for anxious or depressive symptoms. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 945-952.PubMed
1185.
Stallard P, Velleman R, Salter E, Howse I, Yule W, Taylor G: A randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of an early psychological intervention with children involved in road traffic accidents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006, 47: 127-134.PubMed
1186.
Nugent NR, Christopher NC, Crow JP, Browne L, Ostrowski S, Delahanty DL: The efficacy of early propranolol administration at reducing PTSD symptoms in pediatric injury patients: a pilot study. J Trauma Stress. 2010, 23: 282-287.PubMedCentralPubMed
1187.
Weisz JR, Jensen-Doss A, Hawley KM: Evidence-based youth psychotherapies versus usual clinical care: a meta-analysis of direct comparisons. Am Psychol. 2006, 61: 671-689.PubMed
1188.
Chu BC, Harrison TL: Disorder-specific effects of CBT for anxious and depressed youth: a meta-analysis of candidate mediators of change. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2007, 10: 352-372.PubMed
1189.
In-Albon T, Schneider S: Psychotherapy of childhood anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom. 2007, 76: 15-24.PubMed
1190.
Silverman WK, Pina AA, Viswesvaran C: Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2008, 37: 105-130.PubMed
1191.
Cartwright-Hatton S, Roberts C, Chitsabesan P, Fothergill C, Harrington R: Systematic review of the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapies for childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders. Br J Clin Psychol. 2004, 43: 421-436.PubMed
1192.
Baer S, Garland E: Pilot study of community-based cognitive behavioral group therapy for adolescents with social phobia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005, 44: 258-264.PubMed
1193.
Beidel D, Turner S, Morris T: Behavioral treatment of childhood social phobia. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000, 68: 1072-1080.PubMed
1194.
Herbert JD, Gaudiano BA, Rheingold AA, Moitra E, Myers VH, Dalrymple KL, Brandsma LL: Cognitive behavior therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 167-177.PubMedCentralPubMed
1195.
Piet J, Hougaard E, Hecksher MS, Rosenberg NK: A randomized pilot study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive-behavioral therapy for young adults with social phobia. Scand J Psychol. 2010, 51: 503-410.
1196.
Melfsen S, Kuhnemund M, Schwieger J, Warnke A, Stadler C, Poustka F, Stangier U: Cognitive behavioral therapy of socially phobic children focusing on cognition: a randomised wait-list control study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2011, 5: 5-PubMedCentralPubMed
1197.
Segool NK, Carlson JS: Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments for children with social anxiety. Depress Anxiety. 2008, 25: 620-631.PubMed
1198.
Pincus DB, May JE, Whitton SW, Mattis SG, Barlow DH: Cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder in adolescence. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2010, 39: 638-649.PubMed
1199.
Franklin ME, Sapyta J, Freeman JB, Khanna M, Compton S, Almirall D, Moore P, Choate-Summers M, Garcia A, Edson AL, et al: Cognitive behavior therapy augmentation of pharmacotherapy in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Pediatric OCD Treatment Study II (POTS II) randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011, 306: 1224-1232.PubMedCentralPubMed
1200.
Williams TI, Salkovskis PM, Forrester L, Turner S, White H, Allsopp MA: A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010, 19: 449-456.PubMed
1201.
Bolton D, Williams T, Perrin S, Atkinson L, Gallop C, Waite P, Salkovskis P: Randomized controlled trial of full and brief cognitive-behaviour therapy and wait-list for paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011, 52: 1269-1278.PubMed
1202.
Turner C, Heyman I, Futh A, Lovell K: A pilot study of telephone cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in young people. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2009, 37: 469-474.PubMed
1203.
O'Kearney RT, Anstey KJ, von Sanden C: Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006, CD004856-
1204.
Watson HJ, Rees CS: Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled treatment trials for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008, 49: 489-498.PubMed
1205.
Smith P, Yule W, Perrin S, Tranah T, Dalgleish T, Clark DM: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for PTSD in children and adolescents: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007, 46: 1051-1061.PubMed
1206.
Nixon RD, Sterk J, Pearce A: A randomized trial of cognitive behaviour therapy and cognitive therapy for children with posttraumatic stress disorder following single-incident trauma. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012, 40: 327-337.PubMed
1207.
Kowalik J, Weller J, Venter J, Drachman D: Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: a review and meta-analysis. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2011, 42: 405-413.PubMed
1208.
King N, Tonge B, Mullen P, Myerson N, Heyne D, Rollings S, Martin R, Ollendick T: Treating sexually abused children with posttraumatic stress symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000, 39: 1347-1355.PubMed
1209.
Cohen J, Mannarino A: A treatment outcome study for sexually abused preschool children: initial findings. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996, 35: 42-50.PubMed
1210.
Scheeringa MS, Weems CF, Cohen JA, Amaya-Jackson L, Guthrie D: Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in three-through six year-old children: a randomized clinical trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011, 52: 853-860.PubMedCentralPubMed
1211.
Deblinger E, Mannarino AP, Cohen JA, Steer RA: A follow-up study of a multisite, randomized, controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006, 45: 1474-1484.PubMed
1212.
King N, Tonge B, Heyne D, Pritchard M, Rollings S, Young D, Myerson N, Ollendick T: Cognitive-behavioral treatment of school-refusing children: a controlled evaluation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998, 37: 395-403.PubMed
1213.
Last C, Hansen C, Franco N: Cognitive-behavioral treatment of school phobia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998, 37: 404-411.PubMed
1214.
Pina AA, Zerr AA, Gonzales NA, Ortiz CD: Psychosocial interventions for school refusal behavior in children and adolescents. Child Dev Perspect. 2009, 3: 11-20.PubMedCentralPubMed
1215.
Heyne D, King NJ, Tonge BJ, Rollings S, Young D, Pritchard M, Ollendick TH: Evaluation of child therapy and caregiver training in the treatment of school refusal. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002, 41: 687-695.PubMed
1216.
Schneider S, Blatter-Meunier J, Herren C, Adornetto C, In-Albon T, Lavallee K: Disorder-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy for separation anxiety disorder in young children: a randomized waiting-list-controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2011, 80: 206-215.PubMed
1217.
Manassis K, Mendlowitz S, Scapillato D, Avery D, Fiksenbaum L, Freire M, Monga S, Owens M: Group and individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety disorders: a randomized trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002, 41: 1423-1430.PubMed
1218.
O'Leary EM, Barrett P, Fjermestad KW: Cognitive-behavioral family treatment for childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: a 7-year follow-up study. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 973-978.PubMed
1219.
Richardson T, Stallard P, Velleman S: Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for the prevention and treatment of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2010, 13: 275-290.PubMed
1220.
Storch EA, Caporino NE, Morgan JR, Lewin AB, Rojas A, Brauer L, Larson MJ, Murphy TK: Preliminary investigation of web-camera delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2011, 189: 407-412.PubMed
1221.
Kendall P: Treating anxiety disorders in children: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994, 62: 100-110.PubMed
1222.
Kendall P, Flannery-Schroeder E, Panichelli-Mindel S, Southam-Gerow M, Henin A, Warman M: Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: a second randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997, 65: 366-380.PubMed
1223.
Walkup JT, Albano AM, Piacentini J, Birmaher B, Compton SN, Sherrill JT, Ginsburg GS, Rynn MA, McCracken J, Waslick B, et al: Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety. N Engl J Med. 2008, 359: 2753-2766.PubMedCentralPubMed
1224.
Ginsburg GS, Kendall PC, Sakolsky D, Compton SN, Piacentini J, Albano AM, Walkup JT, Sherrill J, Coffey KA, Rynn MA, et al: Remission after acute treatment in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders: findings from the CAMS. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011, 79: 806-813.PubMedCentralPubMed
1225.
Kendall P, Safford S, Flannery-Schroeder E, Webb A: Child anxiety treatment: outcomes in adolescence and impact on substance use and depression at 7.4-year follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004, 72: 276-287.PubMed
1226.
Eldar S, Apter A, Lotan D, Edgar KP, Naim R, Fox NA, Pine DS, Bar-Haim Y: Attention bias modification treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2012, 169: 213-230.PubMedCentralPubMed
1227.
Beidel DC, Turner SM, Sallee FR, Ammerman RT, Crosby LA, Pathak S: SET-C versus fluoxetine in the treatment of childhood social phobia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007, 46: 1622-1632.PubMed
1228.
Beidel DC, Turner SM, Young BJ: Social effectiveness therapy for children: five years later. Behav Ther. 2006, 37: 416-425.PubMed
1229.
Simons M, Schneider S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B: Metacognitive therapy versus exposure and response prevention for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. A case series with randomized allocation. Psychother Psychosom. 2006, 75: 257-264.PubMed
1230.
Bolton D, Perrin S: Evaluation of exposure with response-prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder in childhood and adolescence. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2008, 39: 11-22.PubMed
1231.
Storch EA, Geffken GR, Merlo LJ, Mann G, Duke D, Munson M, Adkins J, Grabill KM, Murphy TK, Goodman WK: Family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: comparison of intensive and weekly approaches. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007, 46: 469-478.PubMed
1232.
Barrett P, Healy-Farrell L, March J: Cognitive-behavioral family treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004, 43: 46-62.PubMed
1233.
Van der Oord S, Lucassen S, Van Emmerik AA, Emmelkamp PM: Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children using cognitive behavioural writing therapy. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2010, 17: 240-249.PubMed
1234.
Lesmana CB, Suryani LK, Jensen GD, Tiliopoulos N: A spiritual-hypnosis assisted treatment of children with PTSD after the 2002 Bali terrorist attack. Am J Clin Hypn. 2009, 52: 23-34.PubMed
1235.
Ford JD, Steinberg KL, Hawke J, Levine J, Zhang W: Randomized trial comparison of emotion regulation and relational psychotherapies for PTSD with girls involved in delinquency. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2012, 41: 27-37.PubMed
1236.
Gilboa-Schechtman E, Foa EB, Shafran N, Aderka IM, Powers MB, Rachamim L, Rosenbach L, Yadin E, Apter A: Prolonged exposure versus dynamic therapy for adolescent PTSD: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010, 49: 1034-1042.PubMedCentralPubMed
1237.
Ahmad A, Sundelin-Wahlsten V: Applying EMDR on children with PTSD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008, 17: 127-132.PubMed
1238.
Ahmad A, Larsson B, Sundelin-Wahlsten V: EMDR treatment for children with PTSD: results of a randomized controlled trial. Nord J Psychiatry. 2007, 61: 349-354.PubMed
1239.
Barrett P, Dadds M, Rapee R: Family treatment of childhood anxiety: a controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996, 64: 333-342.PubMed
1240.
Mendlowitz S, Manassis K, Bradley S, Scapillato D, Miezitis S, Shaw B: Cognitive-behavioral group treatments in childhood anxiety disorders: the role of parental involvement. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999, 38: 1223-1229.PubMed
1241.
Shortt A, Barrett P, Fox T: Evaluating the FRIENDS program: a cognitive-behavioral group treatment for anxious children and their parents. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001, 30: 525-535.PubMed
1242.
Nauta M, Scholing A, Emmelkamp P, Minderaa R: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for children with anxiety disorders in a clinical setting: no additional effect of a cognitive parent training. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003, 42: 1270-1278.PubMed
1243.
Bogels SM, Siqueland L: Family cognitive behavioral therapy for children and adolescents with clinical anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006, 45: 134-141.PubMed
1244.
Wood JJ, Piacentini JC, Southam-Gerow M, Chu BC, Sigman M: Family cognitive behavioral therapy for child anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006, 45: 314-321.PubMed
1245.
Piacentini J, Bergman RL, Chang S, Langley A, Peris T, Wood JJ, McCracken J: Controlled comparison of family cognitive behavioral therapy and psychoeducation/relaxation training for child obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011, 50: 1149-1161.PubMedCentralPubMed
1246.
Cobham VE, Dadds MR, Spence SH: The role of parental anxiety in the treatment of childhood anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998, 66: 893-905.PubMed
1247.
Eisen AR, Raleigh H, Neuhoff CC: The unique impact of parent training for separation anxiety disorder in children. Behav Ther. 2008, 39: 195-206.PubMed
1248.
Thienemann M, Moore P, Tompkins K: A parent-only group intervention for children with anxiety disorders: pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006, 45: 37-46.PubMed
1249.
Storch EA, Merlo LJ, Larson MJ, Geffken GR, Lehmkuhl HD, Jacob ML, Murphy TK, Goodman WK: Impact of comorbidity on cognitive-behavioral therapy response in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008, 47: 583-592.PubMed
1250.
Jarrett MA, Ollendick TH: Treatment of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety in children: A multiple baseline design analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012, 80: 239-244.PubMed
1251.
Levy K, Hunt C, Heriot S: Treating comorbid anxiety and aggression in children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007, 46: 1111-1118.PubMed
1252.
Najavits LM, Gallop RJ, Weiss RD: Seeking safety therapy for adolescent girls with PTSD and substance use disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2006, 33: 453-463.PubMed
1253.
Dadds MR, Holland DE, Laurens KR, Mullins M, Barrett PM, Spence SH: Early intervention and prevention of anxiety disorders in children: results at 2-year follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999, 67: 145-150.PubMed
1254.
Barrett P, Duffy A, Dadds M, Rapee R: Cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders in children: long-term (6-year) follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001, 69: 135-141.PubMed
1255.
Connolly SD, Bernstein GA: Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007, 46: 267-283.PubMed
1256.
Practice parameter on the use of psychotropic medication in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009, 48: 961-973.
1257.
Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012, 51: 98-113.
1258.
Cohen JA, Bukstein O, Walter H, Benson SR, Chrisman A, Farchione TR, Hamilton J, Keable H, Kinlan J, Schoettle U, et al: Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010, 49: 414-430.PubMed
1259.
Bernstein G, Borchardt C, Perwien A, Crosby R, Kushner M, Thuras P, Last C: Imipramine plus cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of school refusal. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000, 39: 276-283.PubMed
1260.
Reinblatt SP, Riddle MA: The pharmacological management of childhood anxiety disorders: a review. Psychopharmacology. 2007, 191: 67-86.PubMed
1261.
Ipser JC, Stein DJ, Hawkridge S, Hoppe L: Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009, CD005170-
1262.
Uthman OA, Abdulmalik J: Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacotherapeutic agents for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010, 26: 53-59.PubMed
1263.
Geller D, Biederman J, Stewart S, Mullin B, Martin A, Spencer T, Faraone S: Which SSRI? A meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy trials in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2003, 160: 1919-1928.PubMed
1264.
Alaghband-Rad J, Hakimshooshtary M: A randomized controlled clinical trial of citalopram versus fluoxetine in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009, 18: 131-135.PubMed
1265.
Coskun M, Zoroglu S: Efficacy and safety of fluoxetine in preschool children with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009, 19: 297-300.PubMed
1266.
Ercan ES, Kandulu R, Akyol Ardic U: Preschool children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and fluoxetine treatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012, 21: 169-172.PubMed
1267.
Geller D, Hoog S, Heiligenstein J, Ricardi R, Tamura R, Kluszynski S, Jacobson J: Fluoxetine treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001, 40: 773-779.PubMed
1268.
Riddle M, Scahill L, King R, Hardin M, Anderson G, Ort S, Smith J, Leckman J, Cohen D: Double-blind, crossover trial of fluoxetine and placebo in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992, 31: 1062-1069.PubMed
1269.
Liebowitz MR, Turner SM, Piacentini J, Beidel DC, Clarvit SR, Davies SO, Graae F, Jaffer M, Lin SH, Sallee FR, et al: Fluoxetine in children and adolescents with OCD: a placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002, 41: 1431-1438.PubMed
1270.
Mukaddes NM, Abali O, Kaynak N: Citalopram treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary report. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2003, 57: 405-408.PubMed
1271.
Riddle M, Reeve E, Yaryura-Tobias J, Yang H, Claghorn J, Gaffney G, Greist J, Holland D, McConville B, Pigott T, Walkup J: Fluvoxamine for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001, 40: 222-229.PubMed
1272.
Geller DA, Wagner KD, Emslie G, Murphy T, Carpenter DJ, Wetherhold E, Perera P, Machin A, Gardiner C: Paroxetine treatment in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004, 43: 1387-1396.PubMed
1273.
March J, Biederman J, Wolkow R, Safferman A, Mardekian J, Cook E, Cutler N, Dominguez R, Ferguson J, Muller B, et al: Sertraline in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998, 280: 1752-1756.PubMed
1274.
De Veaugh-Geiss J, Moroz G, Biederman J, Cantwell D, Fontaine R, Greist J, Reichler R, Katz R, Landau P: Clomipramine hydrochloride in childhood and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder--a multicenter trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992, 31: 45-49.
1275.
Leonard HL, Swedo SE, Rapoport JL, Koby EV, Lenane MC, Cheslow DL, Hamburger SD: Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder with clomipramine and desipramine in children and adolescents. A double-blind crossover comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989, 46: 1088-1092.PubMed
1276.
Flament MF, Rapoport JL, Berg CJ, Sceery W, Kilts C, Mellstrom B, Linnoila M: Clomipramine treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985, 42: 977-983.PubMed
1277.
Birmaher B, Axelson D, Monk K, Kalas C, Clark D, Ehmann M, Bridge J, Heo J, Brent D: Fluoxetine for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003, 42: 415-423.PubMed
1278.
Fluvoxamine for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. The Research Unit on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344: 1279-1285.
1279.
Wagner K, Berard R, Stein M, Wetherhold E, Carpenter D, Perera P, Gee M, Davy K, Machin A: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004, 61: 1153-1162.PubMed
1280.
Isolan L, Pheula G, Salum GA, Oswald S, Rohde LA, Manfro GG: An open-label trial of escitalopram in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2007, 17: 751-760.PubMed
1281.
Compton S, Grant P, Chrisman A, Gammon P, Brown V, March J: Sertraline in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder: an open trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001, 40: 564-571.PubMed
1282.
March JS, Entusah AR, Rynn M, Albano AM, Tourian KA: A randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine ER versus placebo in pediatric social anxiety disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2007, 62: 1149-1154.PubMed
1283.
Mrakotsky C, Masek B, Biederman J, Raches D, Hsin O, Forbes P, de Moor C, DeMaso DR, Gonzalez-Heydrich J: Prospective open-label pilot trial of mirtazapine in children and adolescents with social phobia. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 88-97.PubMed
1284.
Rynn MA, Siqueland L, Rickels K: Placebo-controlled trial of sertraline in the treatment of children with generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2001, 158: 2008-2014.PubMed
1285.
Lepola U, Leinonen E, Koponen H: Citalopram in the treatment of early-onset panic disorder and school phobia. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1996, 29: 30-32.PubMed
1286.
Robb AS, Cueva JE, Sporn J, Yang R, Vanderburg DG: Sertraline treatment of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2010, 20: 463-471.PubMed
1287.
Kutcher SP, MacKenzie S: Successful clonazepam treatment of adolescents with panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1988, 8: 299-301.PubMed
1288.
Biederman J: Clonazepam in the treatment of prepubertal children with panic-like symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry. 1987, 48 (Suppl): 38-42.PubMed
1289.
Ballenger JC, Carek DJ, Steele JJ, Cornish-McTighe D: Three cases of panic disorder with agoraphobia in children. Am J Psychiatry. 1989, 146: 922-924.PubMed
1290.
Simeon JG, Ferguson HB, Knott V, Roberts N, Gauthier B, Dubois C, Wiggins D: Clinical, cognitive, and neurophysiological effects of alprazolam in children and adolescents with overanxious and avoidant disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1992, 31: 29-33.PubMed
1291.
Bernstein GA, Garfinkel BD, Borchardt CM: Comparative studies of pharmacotherapy for school refusal. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1990, 29: 773-781.PubMed
1292.
Graae F, Milner J, Rizzotto L, Klein RG: Clonazepam in childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994, 33: 372-376.PubMed
1293.
Masi G, Pfanner C, Millepiedi S, Berloffa S: Aripiprazole augmentation in 39 adolescents with medication-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010, 30: 688-693.PubMed
1294.
Grant P, Lougee L, Hirschtritt M, Swedo SE: An open-label trial of riluzole, a glutamate antagonist, in children with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2007, 17: 761-767.PubMed
1295.
Storch EA, Murphy TK, Goodman WK, Geffken GR, Lewin AB, Henin A, Micco JA, Sprich S, Wilhelm S, Bengtson M, Geller DA: A preliminary study of d-cycloserine augmentation of cognitive-behavioral therapy in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 68: 1073-1076.PubMedCentralPubMed
1296.
Larun L, Nordheim LV, Ekeland E, Hagen KB, Heian F: Exercise in prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression among children and young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006, 3: CD004691-PubMed
1297.
Newman CL, Motta RW: The effects of aerobic exercise on childhood PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2007, 9: 133-158.PubMed
1298.
Diaz AB, Motta R: The effects of an aerobic exercise program on posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity in adolescents. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2008, 10: 49-59.PubMed
1299.
Harris E, Eng HY, Kowatch R, Delgado SV, Saldana SN: Disinhibition as a side effect of treatment with fluvoxamine in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2010, 20: 347-353.PubMed
1300.
Martin A, Young C, Leckman JF, Mukonoweshuro C, Rosenheck R, Leslie D: Age effects on antidepressant-induced manic conversion. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004, 158: 773-780.PubMed
1301.
Findling RL, Nucci G, Piergies AA, Gomeni R, Bartolic EI, Fong R, Carpenter DJ, Leeder JS, Gaedigk A, Danoff TM: Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of paroxetine in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006, 31: 1274-1285.PubMed
1302.
Bridge JA, Iyengar S, Salary CB, Barbe RP, Birmaher B, Pincus HA, Ren L, Brent DA: Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2007, 297: 1683-1696.PubMed
1303.
Safer DJ, Zito JM: Treatment-emergent adverse events from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by age group: children versus adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006, 16: 159-169.PubMed
1304.
Gum AM, King-Kallimanis B, Kohn R: Prevalence of mood, anxiety, and substance-abuse disorders for older Americans in the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009, 17: 769-781.PubMed
1305.
Grenier S, Preville M, Boyer R, O'Connor K, Beland SG, Potvin O, Hudon C, Brassard J: The impact of DSM-IV symptom and clinical significance criteria on the prevalence estimates of subthreshold and threshold anxiety in the older adult population. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011, 19: 316-326.PubMedCentralPubMed
1306.
Streiner DL, Cairney J, Veldhuizen S: The epidemiology of psychological problems in the elderly. Can J Psychiatry. 2006, 51: 185-191.PubMed
1307.
Hollingworth SA, Burgess PM, Whiteford HA: Affective and anxiety disorders: prevalence, treatment and antidepressant medication use. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010, 44: 513-519.PubMed
1308.
Jorm A: Does old age reduce the risk of anxiety and depression? A review of epidemiological studies across the adult life span. Psychol Med. 2000, 30: 11-22.PubMed
1309.
Calleo J, Stanley MA, Greisinger A, Wehmanen O, Johnson M, Novy D, Wilson N, Kunik M: Generalized anxiety disorder in older medical patients: diagnostic recognition, mental health management and service utilization. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2009, 16: 178-185.PubMedCentralPubMed
1310.
Cairney J, Corna LM, Streiner DL: Mental health care use in later life: results from a national survey of Canadians. Can J Psychiatry. 2010, 55: 157-164.PubMed
1311.
Byers AL, Arean PA, Yaffe K: Low use of mental health services among older Americans with mood and anxiety disorders. Psychiatr Serv. 2012, 63: 66-72.PubMedCentralPubMed
1312.
Scott T, Mackenzie CS, Chipperfield JG, Sareen J: Mental health service use among Canadian older adults with anxiety disorders and clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Aging Ment Health. 2010, 14: 790-800.PubMed
1313.
Brenes GA, Miller ME, Stanley MA, Williamson JD, Knudson M, McCall WV: Insomnia in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009, 17: 465-472.PubMedCentralPubMed
1314.
Spira AP, Stone K, Beaudreau SA, Ancoli-Israel S, Yaffe K: Anxiety symptoms and objectively measured sleep quality in older women. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009, 17: 136-143.PubMedCentralPubMed
1315.
Mehta K, Simonsick E, Penninx B, Schulz R, Rubin S, Satterfield S, Yaffe K: Prevalence and correlates of anxiety symptoms in well-functioning older adults: findings from the health aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003, 51: 499-504.PubMed
1316.
Beaudreau SA, O'Hara R: The association of anxiety and depressive symptoms with cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults. Psychol Aging. 2009, 24: 507-512.PubMedCentralPubMed
1317.
Butters MA, Bhalla RK, Andreescu C, Wetherell JL, Mantella R, Begley AE, Lenze EJ: Changes in neuropsychological functioning following treatment for late-life generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2011, 199: 211-218.PubMedCentralPubMed
1318.
Sinoff G, Werner P: Anxiety disorder and accompanying subjective memory loss in the elderly as a predictor of future cognitive decline. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003, 18: 951-959.PubMed
1319.
Scott Mackin R, Lesselyong JA, Yaffe K: Pattern of cognitive impairment in older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder evaluated at a memory disorders clinic. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012, 27: 637-642.PubMedCentralPubMed
1320.
Mehta KM, Yaffe K, Brenes GA, Newman AB, Shorr RI, Simonsick EM, Ayonayon HN, Rubin SM, Covinsky KE: Anxiety symptoms and decline in physical function over 5 years in the health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007, 55: 265-270.PubMedCentralPubMed
1321.
Porensky EK, Dew MA, Karp JF, Skidmore E, Rollman BL, Shear MK, Lenze EJ: The burden of late-life generalized anxiety disorder: effects on disability, health-related quality of life, and healthcare utilization. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009, 17: 473-482.PubMedCentralPubMed
1322.
Diefenbach GJ, Tolin DF, Gilliam CM: Impairments in life quality among clients in geriatric home care: associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012, 27: 828-835.PubMedCentralPubMed
1323.
Cairney J, Corna LM, Veldhuizen S, Herrmann N, Streiner DL: Comorbid depression and anxiety in later life: patterns of association, subjective well-being, and impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008, 16: 201-208.PubMed
1324.
King-Kallimanis B, Gum AM, Kohn R: Comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders for older Americans in the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009, 17: 782-792.PubMed
1325.
Wetherell JL, Ayers CR, Nuevo R, Stein MB, Ramsdell J, Patterson TL: Medical conditions and depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms in older adults with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health. 2010, 14: 764-768.PubMedCentralPubMed
1326.
Schoevers R, Deeg D, van Tilburg W, Beekman A: Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: co-occurrence and longitudinal patterns in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005, 13: 31-39.PubMed
1327.
Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Castriotta N, Lenze EJ, Stanley MA, Craske MG: Anxiety disorders in older adults: a comprehensive review. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 190-211.PubMed
1328.
Qureshi SU, Kimbrell T, Pyne JM, Magruder KM, Hudson TJ, Petersen NJ, Yu HJ, Schulz PE, Kunik ME: Greater prevalence and incidence of dementia in older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010, 58: 1627-1633.PubMed
1329.
Vogele C, von Leupoldt A: Mental disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respir Med. 2008, 102: 764-773.PubMed
1330.
Smoller JW, Pollack MH, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Jackson RD, Oberman A, Wong ND, Sheps D: Panic attacks and risk of incident cardiovascular events among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007, 64: 1153-1160.PubMed
1331.
Tully PJ, Baker RA, Knight JL: Anxiety and depression as risk factors for mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Psychosom Res. 2008, 64: 285-290.PubMed
1332.
Bryant C, Jackson H, Ames D: The prevalence of anxiety in older adults: methodological issues and a review of the literature. J Affect Disord. 2008, 109: 233-250.PubMed
1333.
Mohlman J, Bryant C, Lenze EJ, Stanley MA, Gum A, Flint A, Beekman AT, Wetherell JL, Thorp SR, Craske MG: Improving recognition of late life anxiety disorders in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition: observations and recommendations of the Advisory Committee to the Lifespan Disorders Work Group. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012, 27: 549-556.PubMedCentralPubMed
1334.
Brenes GA, Knudson M, McCall WV, Williamson JD, Miller ME, Stanley MA: Age and racial differences in the presentation and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 1128-1136.PubMedCentralPubMed
1335.
Wetherell JL, Petkus AJ, McChesney K, Stein MB, Judd PH, Rockwell E, Sewell DD, Patterson TL: Older adults are less accurate than younger adults at identifying symptoms of anxiety and depression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009, 197: 623-626.PubMedCentralPubMed
1336.
Jeste DV, Blazer DG, First M: Aging-related diagnostic variations: need for diagnostic criteria appropriate for elderly psychiatric patients. Biol Psychiatry. 2005, 58: 265-271.PubMed
1337.
Ayers CR, Sorrell JT, Thorp SR, Wetherell JL: Evidence-based psychological treatments for late-life anxiety. Psychol Aging. 2007, 22: 8-17.PubMed
1338.
Pinquart M, Duberstein PR: Treatment of anxiety disorders in older adults: a meta-analytic comparison of behavioral and pharmacological interventions. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007, 15: 639-651.PubMed
1339.
Goncalves DC, Byrne GJ: Interventions for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2012, 26: 1-11.PubMed
1340.
Hendriks GJ, Oude Voshaar RC, Keijsers GP, Hoogduin CA, van Balkom AJ: Cognitive-behavioural therapy for late-life anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008, 117: 403-411.PubMed
1341.
Thorp SR, Ayers CR, Nuevo R, Stoddard JA, Sorrell JT, Wetherell JL: Meta-analysis comparing different behavioral treatments for late-life anxiety. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009, 17: 105-115.PubMedCentralPubMed
1342.
Gould RL, Coulson MC, Howard RJ: Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in older people: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012, 60: 218-229.PubMed
1343.
Mohlman J, Gorenstein E, Kleber M, de JM, Gorman J, Papp L: Standard and enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder: two pilot investigations. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003, 11: 24-32.PubMed
1344.
Stanley M, Hopko D, Diefenbach G, Bourland S, Rodriguez H, Wagener P: Cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: preliminary findings. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003, 11: 92-96.PubMed
1345.
Bradford A, Cully J, Rhoades H, Kunik M, Kraus-Schuman C, Wilson N, Stanley M: Early response to psychotherapy and long-term change in worry symptoms in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011, 19: 347-356.PubMedCentralPubMed
1346.
Stanley MA, Wilson NL, Novy DM, Rhoades HM, Wagener PD, Greisinger AJ, Cully JA, Kunik ME: Cognitive behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder among older adults in primary care: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2009, 301: 1460-1467.PubMedCentralPubMed
1347.
Wetherell J, Gatz M, Craske M: Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003, 71: 31-40.PubMed
1348.
Hendriks GJ, Keijsers GP, Kampman M, Oude Voshaar RC, Verbraak MJ, Broekman TG, Hoogduin CA: A randomized controlled study of paroxetine and cognitive-behavioural therapy for late-life panic disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010, 122: 11-19.PubMed
1349.
Schuurmans J, Comijs H, Emmelkamp PM, Gundy CM, Weijnen I, van den Hout M, van Dyck R: A randomized, controlled trial of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and sertraline versus a waitlist control group for anxiety disorders in older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006, 14: 255-263.PubMed
1350.
Thorp SR, Stein MB, Jeste DV, Patterson TL, Wetherell JL: Prolonged exposure therapy for older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012, 20: 276-280.PubMed
1351.
1352.
Brenes GA, Miller ME, Williamson JD, McCall WV, Knudson M, Stanley MA: A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012, 20: 707-716.PubMedCentralPubMed
1353.
Pasco JA, Williams LJ, Jacka FN, Henry MJ, Coulson CE, Brennan SL, Leslie E, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA, Berk M: Habitual physical activity and the risk for depressive and anxiety disorders among older men and women. Int Psychogeriatr. 2011, 23: 292-298.PubMed
1354.
Montgomery S, Chatamra K, Pauer L, Whalen E, Baldinetti F: Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in elderly people with generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2008, 193: 389-394.PubMed
1355.
Karaiskos D, Pappa D, Tzavellas E, Siarkos K, Katirtzoglou E, Papadimitriou GN, Politis A: Pregabalin augmentation of antidepressants in older patients with comorbid depression and generalized anxiety disorder-an open-label study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013, 28: 100-105.PubMed
1356.
Davidson J, Allgulander C, Pollack MH, Hartford J, Erickson JS, Russell JM, Perahia D, Wohlreich MM, Carlson J, Raskin J: Efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine in elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder: a pooled analysis of four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2008, 23: 519-526.PubMed
1357.
Lenze EJ, Mulsant BH, Shear MK, Dew MA, Miller MD, Pollock BG, Houck P, Tracey B, Reynolds CF: Efficacy and tolerability of citalopram in the treatment of late-life anxiety disorders: results from an 8-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2005, 162: 146-150.PubMed
1358.
Blank S, Lenze EJ, Mulsant BH, Dew MA, Karp JF, Shear MK, Houck PR, Miller MD, Pollock BG, Tracey B, Reynolds CF: Outcomes of late-life anxiety disorders during 32 weeks of citalopram treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 468-472.PubMed
1359.
Mohamed S, Osatuke K, Aslam M, Kasckow J: Escitalopram for comorbid depression and anxiety in elderly patients: a 12-week, open-label, flexible-dose, pilot trial. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2006, 4: 201-209.PubMed
1360.
Schuurmans J, Comijs H, Emmelkamp PM, Weijnen IJ, van den Hout M, van Dyck R: Long-term effectiveness and prediction of treatment outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy and sertraline for late-life anxiety disorders. Int Psychogeriatr. 2009, 21: 1148-1159.PubMed
1361.
Rampello L, Alvano A, Raffaele R, Malaguarnera M, Vecchio I: New possibilities of treatment for panic attacks in elderly patients: escitalopram versus citalopram. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 26: 67-70.PubMed
1362.
Wylie M, Miller M, Shear M, Little J, Mulsant B, Pollock B, Reynolds C: Fluvoxamine pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in later life: preliminary open-trial data. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2000, 13: 43-48.PubMed
1363.
Gardner M, Malone D, Sey M, Babington M: Mirtazapine is associated with less anxiolytic use among elderly depressed patients in long-term care facilities. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2004, 5: 101-106.PubMed
1364.
Schatzberg A, Kremer C, Rodrigues H, Murphy G: Double-blind, randomized comparison of mirtazapine and paroxetine in elderly depressed patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002, 10: 541-550.PubMed
1365.
Benitez CI, Smith K, Vasile RG, Rende R, Edelen MO, Keller MB: Use of benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in middle-aged and older adults with anxiety disorders: a longitudinal and prospective study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008, 16: 5-13.PubMed
1366.
Uchida H, Suzuki T, Mamo DC, Mulsant BH, Kikuchi T, Takeuchi H, Tomita M, Watanabe K, Yagi G, Kashima H: Benzodiazepine and antidepressant use in elderly patients with anxiety disorders: a survey of 796 outpatients in Japan. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 477-481.PubMed
1367.
Preville M, Vasiliadis HM, Bosse C, Dionne PA, Voyer P, Brassard J: Pattern of psychotropic drug use among older adults having a depression or an anxiety disorder: results from the longitudinal ESA study. Can J Psychiatry. 2011, 56: 348-357.PubMed
1368.
Mallet L, Spinewine A, Huang A: The challenge of managing drug interactions in elderly people. Lancet. 2007, 370: 185-191.PubMed
1369.
Hines LE, Murphy JE: Potentially harmful drug-drug interactions in the elderly: a review. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2011, 9: 364-377.PubMed
1370.
Klotz U: Pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism in the elderly. Drug Metab Rev. 2009, 41: 67-76.PubMed
1371.
Boyce RD, Handler SM, Karp JF, Hanlon JT: Age-related changes in antidepressant pharmacokinetics and potential drug-drug interactions: a comparison of evidence-based literature and package insert information. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2012, 10: 139-150.PubMedCentralPubMed
1372.
Qato DM, Alexander GC, Conti RM, Johnson M, Schumm P, Lindau ST: Use of prescription and over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements among older adults in the United States. JAMA. 2008, 300: 2867-2878.PubMedCentralPubMed
1373.
Takkouche B, Montes-Martinez A, Gill SS, Etminan M: Psychotropic medications and the risk of fracture: a meta-analysis. Drug Saf. 2007, 30: 171-184.PubMed
1374.
Zint K, Haefeli WE, Glynn RJ, Mogun H, Avorn J, Sturmer T: Impact of drug interactions, dosage, and duration of therapy on the risk of hip fracture associated with benzodiazepine use in older adults. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010, 19: 1248-1255.PubMedCentralPubMed
1375.
Ziere G, Dieleman JP, van der Cammen TJ, Hofman A, Pols HA, Stricker BH: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressants are associated with an increased risk of nonvertebral fractures. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008, 28: 411-417.PubMed
1376.
Chatterjee S, Chen H, Johnson ML, Aparasu RR: Risk of falls and fractures in older adults using atypical antipsychotic agents: a propensity score-adjusted, retrospective cohort study. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2012, 10: 83-94.PubMed
1377.
1378.
Gill SS, Bronskill SE, Normand SL, Anderson GM, Sykora K, Lam K, Bell CM, Lee PE, Fischer HD, Herrmann N, et al: Antipsychotic drug use and mortality in older adults with dementia. Ann Intern Med. 2007, 146: 775-786.PubMed
1379.
Kales HC, Kim HM, Zivin K, Valenstein M, Seyfried LS, Chiang C, Cunningham F, Schneider LS, Blow FC: Risk of mortality among individual antipsychotics in patients with dementia. Am J Psychiatry. 2012, 169: 71-79.PubMedCentralPubMed
1380.
Schneeweiss S, Setoguchi S, Brookhart A, Dormuth C, Wang PS: Risk of death associated with the use of conventional versus atypical antipsychotic drugs among elderly patients. CMAJ. 2007, 176: 627-632.PubMedCentralPubMed
1381.
Pizzi C, Rutjes AW, Costa GM, Fontana F, Mezzetti A, Manzoli L: Meta-analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with depression and coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2011, 107: 972-979.PubMed
1382.
Meng X, D'Arcy C: Common and unique risk factors and comorbidity for 12-month mood and anxiety disorders among Canadians. Can J Psychiatry. 2012, 57: 479-487.PubMed
1383.
Goldstein BI, Levitt AJ: The specific burden of comorbid anxiety disorders and of substance use disorders in bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2008, 10: 67-78.PubMed
1384.
O'Neil KA, Podell JL, Benjamin CL, Kendall PC: Comorbid depressive disorders in anxiety-disordered youth: demographic, clinical, and family characteristics. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2010, 41: 330-341.PubMed
1385.
Green BL, Krupnick JL, Chung J, Siddique J, Krause ED, Revicki D, Frank L, Miranda J: Impact of PTSD comorbidity on one-year outcomes in a depression trial. J Clin Psychol. 2006, 62: 815-835.PubMed
1386.
Andreescu C, Lenze EJ, Dew MA, Begley AE, Mulsant BH, Dombrovski AY, Pollock BG, Stack J, Miller MD, Reynolds CF: Effect of comorbid anxiety on treatment response and relapse risk in late-life depression: controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2007, 190: 344-349.PubMed
1387.
Goes FS, McCusker MG, Bienvenu OJ, Mackinnon DF, Mondimore FM, Schweizer B, Depaulo JR, Potash JB: Co-morbid anxiety disorders in bipolar disorder and major depression: familial aggregation and clinical characteristics of co-morbid panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med. 2012, 42: 1449-1459.PubMedCentralPubMed
1388.
Otto MW, Simon NM, Wisniewski SR, Miklowitz DJ, Kogan JN, Reilly-Harrington NA, Frank E, Nierenberg AA, Marangell LB, Sagduyu K, et al: Prospective 12-month course of bipolar disorder in out-patients with and without comorbid anxiety disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2006, 189: 20-25.PubMed
1389.
Sala R, Goldstein BI, Morcillo C, Liu SM, Castellanos M, Blanco C: Course of comorbid anxiety disorders among adults with bipolar disorder in the U.S. population. J Psychiatr Res. 2012, 46: 865-872.PubMedCentralPubMed
1390.
McWilliams LA, Cox BJ, Enns MW: Mood and anxiety disorders associated with chronic pain: an examination in a nationally representative sample. Pain. 2003, 106: 127-133.PubMed
1391.
Mittal D, Fortney JC, Pyne JM, Edlund MJ, Wetherell JL: Impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on health-related quality of life among patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatr Serv. 2006, 57: 1731-1737.PubMed
1392.
Katz C, Yaseen ZS, Mojtabai R, Cohen LJ, Galynker II: Panic as an independent risk factor for suicide attempt in depressive illness: findings from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). J Clin Psychiatry. 2011, 72: 1628-1635.PubMed
1393.
Brown LA, Gaudiano BA, Miller IW: The impact of panic-agoraphobic comorbidity on suicidality in hospitalized patients with major depression. Depress Anxiety. 2010, 27: 310-315.PubMedCentralPubMed
1394.
Schaffer A, McIntosh D, Goldstein BI, Rector NA, McIntyre RS, Beaulieu S, Swinson R, Yatham LN: The CANMAT task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and comorbid anxiety disorders. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012, 24: 6-22.PubMed
1395.
Silverstone P, Salinas E: Efficacy of venlafaxine extended release in patients with major depressive disorder and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001, 62: 523-529.PubMed
1396.
Maneeton N, Maneeton B, Srisurapanont M, Martin SD: Quetiapine monotherapy in acute phase for major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. BMC Psychiatry. 2012, 12: 160-PubMedCentralPubMed
1397.
Maher AR, Maglione M, Bagley S, Suttorp M, Hu JH, Ewing B, Wang Z, Timmer M, Sultzer D, Shekelle PG: Efficacy and comparative effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic medications for off-label uses in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011, 306: 1359-1369.PubMed
1398.
McIntyre A, Gendron A: Quetiapine adjunct to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or venlafaxine in patients with major depression, comorbid anxiety, and residual depressive symptoms: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Depress Anxiety. 2007, 24: 487-494.PubMed
1399.
Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Greenberg PE, Hirschfeld RM, Petukhova M, Kessler RC: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007, 64: 543-552.PubMedCentralPubMed
1400.
Young S, Pfaff D, Lewandowski KE, Ravichandran C, Cohen BM, Ongur D: Anxiety disorder comorbidity in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Psychopathology. 2013, 46: 176-185.PubMed
1401.
Achim AM, Maziade M, Raymond E, Olivier D, Merette C, Roy MA: How prevalent are anxiety disorders in schizophrenia? A meta-analysis and critical review on a significant association. Schizophr Bull. 2011, 37: 811-821.PubMedCentralPubMed
1402.
Simon NM, Zalta AK, Otto MW, Ostacher MJ, Fischmann D, Chow CW, Thompson EH, Stevens JC, Demopulos CM, Nierenberg AA, Pollack MH: The association of comorbid anxiety disorders with suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in outpatients with bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2007, 41: 255-264.PubMed
1403.
Nakagawa A, Grunebaum MF, Sullivan GM, Currier D, Ellis SP, Burke AK, Brent DA, Mann JJ, Oquendo MA: Comorbid anxiety in bipolar disorder: does it have an independent effect on suicidality?. Bipolar Disord. 2008, 10: 530-538.PubMedCentralPubMed
1404.
Pallanti S, Quercioli L, Hollander E: Social anxiety in outpatients with schizophrenia: a relevant cause of disability. Am J Psychiatry. 2004, 161: 53-58.PubMed
1405.
Makara-Studzinska M, Wolyniak M, Krys K: Influence of anxiety and depression on quality of life of people with schizophrenia in the eastern region of poland. ISRN Psychiatry. 2012, 2012: 839324-PubMedCentralPubMed
1406.
Barnes TR: Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2011, 25: 567-620.PubMed
1407.
Sheehan DV, McElroy SL, Harnett-Sheehan K, Keck PE, Janavs J, Rogers J, Gonzalez R, Shivakumar G, Suppes T: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of risperidone for acute treatment of bipolar anxiety. J Affect Disord. 2009, 115: 376-385.PubMed
1408.
Maina G, Albert U, Rosso G, Bogetto F: Olanzapine or lamotrigine addition to lithium in remitted bipolar disorder patients with anxiety disorder comorbidity: a randomized, single-blind, pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008, 69: 609-616.PubMed
1409.
Hirschfeld RM, Weisler RH, Raines SR, Macfadden W: Quetiapine in the treatment of anxiety in patients with bipolar I or II depression: a secondary analysis from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 355-362.PubMed
1410.
McElroy SL, Weisler RH, Chang W, Olausson B, Paulsson B, Brecher M, Agambaram V, Merideth C, Nordenhem A, Young AH: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine and paroxetine as monotherapy in adults with bipolar depression (EMBOLDEN II). J Clin Psychiatry. 2010, 71: 163-174.PubMed
1411.
Young AH, McElroy SL, Bauer M, Philips N, Chang W, Olausson B, Paulsson B, Brecher M: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine and lithium monotherapy in adults in the acute phase of bipolar depression (EMBOLDEN I). J Clin Psychiatry. 2010, 71: 150-162.PubMed
1412.
Sagman D, Lee B, Chandresena R, Jones B, Brunner E: A Canadian naturalistic study of a community-based cohort treated for bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2010, 10: 24-PubMedCentralPubMed
1413.
Tohen M, Calabrese J, Vieta E, Bowden C, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Lin D, Xu W, Corya S: Effect of comorbid anxiety on treatment response in bipolar depression. J Affect Disord. 2007, 104: 137-146.PubMed
1414.
Perugi G, Toni C, Frare F, Ruffolo G, Moretti L, Torti C, Akiskal HS: Effectiveness of adjunctive gabapentin in resistant bipolar disorder: is it due to anxious-alcohol abuse comorbidity?. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002, 22: 584-591.PubMed
1415.
Davis LL, Bartolucci A, Petty F: Divalproex in the treatment of bipolar depression: a placebo-controlled study. J Affect Disord. 2005, 85: 259-266.PubMed
1416.
Vieta E, Martinez-Aran A, Nieto E, Colom F, Reinares M, Benabarre A, Gasto C: Adjunctive gabapentin treatment of bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2000, 15: 433-437.PubMed
1417.
Wender PH, Wolf LE, Wasserstein J: Adults with ADHD. An overview. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001, 931: 1-16.PubMed
1418.
Dulcan M: Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997, 36: 85S-121S.PubMed
1419.
Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Bessler A, Malloy P, LaPadula M: Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993, 50: 565-576.PubMed
1420.
Weiss G, Hechtman L: Hyperactive children grown up: ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. 1993, New York, NY: Guilford Press
1421.
Pary R, Lewis S, Matuschka PR, Rudzinskiy P, Safi M, Lippmann S: Attention deficit disorder in adults. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2002, 14: 105-111.PubMed
1422.
Wilens TE, Biederman J, Spencer TJ: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan. Annu Rev Med. 2002, 53: 113-131.PubMed
1423.
Wilens TE, Faraone SV, Biederman J: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. JAMA. 2004, 292: 619-623.PubMed
1424.
Garcia SP, Guimaraes J, Zampieri JF, Martinez AL, Polanczyk G, Rohde LA: Response to methylphenidate in children and adolescents with ADHD: does comorbid anxiety disorders matters?. J Neural Transm. 2009, 116: 631-636.PubMed
1425.
Blouin B, Maddeaux C, Stanley Firestone J, van Stralen J: Predicting response of ADHD symptoms to methylphenidate treatment based on comorbid anxiety. J Atten Disord. 2010, 13: 414-419.PubMed
1426.
Kratochvil CJ, Newcorn JH, Arnold LE, Duesenberg D, Emslie GJ, Quintana H, Sarkis EH, Wagner KD, Gao H, Michelson D, Biederman J: Atomoxetine alone or combined with fluoxetine for treating ADHD with comorbid depressive or anxiety symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005, 44: 915-924.PubMed
1427.
Goodman DW, Thase ME: Recognizing ADHD in adults with comorbid mood disorders: implications for identification and management. Postgrad Med. 2009, 121: 20-30.PubMed
1428.
Gabriel A, Violato C: Adjunctive atomoxetine to SSRIs or SNRIs in the treatment of adult ADHD patients with comorbid partially responsive generalized anxiety (GA): an open-label study. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2011, 3: 319-326.PubMed
1429.
Gabriel A: The mixed amphetamine salt extended release (Adderall XR, Max-XR) as an adjunctive to SSRIS or SNRIS in the treatment of adult ADHD patients with comorbid partially responsive generalized anxiety: an open-label study. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2010, 2: 87-92.PubMed
1430.
El-Gabalawy R, Mackenzie CS, Shooshtari S, Sareen J: Comorbid physical health conditions and anxiety disorders: a population-based exploration of prevalence and health outcomes among older adults. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2011, 33: 556-564.PubMed
1431.
Vogelzangs N, Seldenrijk A, Beekman AT, van Hout HP, de Jonge P, Penninx BW: Cardiovascular disease in persons with depressive and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 2010, 125: 241-248.PubMedCentralPubMed
1432.
Huang KL, Su TP, Chen TJ, Chou YH, Bai YM: Comorbidity of cardiovascular diseases with mood and anxiety disorder: a population based 4-year study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009, 63: 401-409.PubMed
1433.
Demyttenaere K, Bonnewyn A, Bruffaerts R, De Graaf R, Haro JM, Alonso J: Comorbid painful physical symptoms and anxiety: prevalence, work loss and help-seeking. J Affect Disord. 2008, 109: 264-272.PubMed
1434.
Asmundson GJ, Katz J: Understanding the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and chronic pain: state-of-the-art. Depress Anxiety. 2009, 26: 888-901.PubMed
1435.
Hartford JT, Endicott J, Kornstein SG, Allgulander C, Wohlreich MM, Russell JM, Perahia DG, Erickson JS: Implications of pain in generalized anxiety disorder: efficacy of duloxetine. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2008, 10: 197-204.PubMedCentralPubMed
1436.
Beesdo K, Hartford J, Russell J, Spann M, Ball S, Wittchen HU: The short- and long-term effect of duloxetine on painful physical symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: results from three clinical trials. J Anxiety Disord. 2009, 23: 1064-1071.PubMed
1437.
Russell JM, Weisberg R, Fava M, Hartford JT, Erickson JS, D'Souza DN: Efficacy of duloxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in patients with clinically significant pain symptoms. Depress Anxiety. 2008, 25: E1-11.PubMed
1438.
Jackson JL, Shimeall W, Sessums L, Dezee KJ, Becher D, Diemer M, Berbano E, O'Malley PG: Tricyclic antidepressants and headaches: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010, 341: c5222-PubMedCentralPubMed
1439.
Saarto T, Wiffen PJ: Antidepressants for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007, CD005454-
1440.
Denollet J, Maas K, Knottnerus A, Keyzer JJ, Pop VJ: Anxiety predicted premature all-cause and cardiovascular death in a 10-year follow-up of middle-aged women. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009, 62: 452-456.PubMed
1441.
Chamberlain AM, Vickers KS, Colligan RC, Weston SA, Rummans TA, Roger VL: Associations of preexisting depression and anxiety with hospitalization in patients with cardiovascular disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011, 86: 1056-1062.PubMedCentralPubMed
1442.
Doering LV, Moser DK, Riegel B, McKinley S, Davidson P, Baker H, Meischke H, Dracup K: Persistent comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety predict mortality in heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 145: 188-192.PubMedCentralPubMed
1443.
McIntyre RS, Alsuwaidan M, Goldstein BI, Taylor VH, Schaffer A, Beaulieu S, Kemp DE: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and comorbid metabolic disorders. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012, 24: 69-81.PubMed
1444.
Ramasubbu R, Taylor VH, Saaman Z, Sockalingham S, Li M, Patten S, Rodin G, Schaffer A, Beaulieu S, McIntyre RS: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and select comorbid medical conditions. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012, 24: 91-109.PubMed
1445.
Ramasubbu R, Beaulieu S, Taylor VH, Schaffer A, McIntyre RS: The CANMAT task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and comorbid medical conditions: diagnostic, assessment, and treatment principles. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012, 24: 82-90.PubMed
1446.
Engum A: The role of depression and anxiety in onset of diabetes in a large population-based study. J Psychosom Res. 2007, 62: 31-38.PubMed
1447.
Aujla N, Davies MJ, Skinner TC, Gray LJ, Webb DR, Srinivasan B, Khunti K: The association between anxiety and measures of glycaemia in a population-based diabetes screening programme. Diabet Med. 2011, 28: 785-788.PubMed
1448.
Serretti A, Mandelli L: Antidepressants and body weight: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010, 71: 1259-1272.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders
Authors
Martin A Katzman
Pierre Bleau
Pierre Blier
Pratap Chokka
Kevin Kjernisted
Michael Van Ameringen
the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University
Publication date
01-07-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue Special Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-S1-S1