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BMC Cancer

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Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Long-term use of metformin and the molecular subtype in invasive breast carcinoma patients – a retrospective study of clinical and tumor characteristics

Authors: Nikola Besic, Nika Satej, Ivica Ratosa, Andreja Gojkovic Horvat, Tanja Marinko, Barbara Gazic, Rok Petric

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2014

Abstract

Background

Metformin may exhibit inhibitory effects on cancer cells by inhibiting mTOR signaling pathway. The aim of our retrospective study was to examine if patients with breast carcinoma (BC) and diabetes mellitus (DM) receiving metformin have a lower stage of carcinoma in comparison to patients not receiving metformin, and if the use of metformin correlates with the molecular subtype of BC.

Methods

A chart review of 253 patients with invasive BC and DM (128 on metformin and 125 not on metformin) was performed. Control group consisted of 320 consecutive patients with invasive BC without DM. BC subtypes were classified by immunohistochemical surrogates as luminal A (estrogen receptor [ER] + and/or progesterone receptor [PR]+, HER-2-), luminal B (ER + and/or PR+, HER-2+), HER-2 (ER-, PR-, HER-2+), triple-negative/basal (ER-, PR-, HER-2-).

Results

Patients on metformin had a lower proportion of T3 or T4 tumors than patients who were not receiving metformin (16% vs. 26%; p = 0.035). No statistical difference was found between the two study groups in N stage. Patients with DM on metformin, with DM not on metformin and the control group had different molecular subtypes of BC (p = 0.01): the luminal A subtype was found in 78%, 83% and 71%, the luminal B in 12.6%, 9% and 11%, HER-2 in 0.8%, 1.6% and 8%, and the triple-negative/basal-like subtype in 8.6%, 6.4% and 10%, respectively.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that long-term use of metformin use correlates with molecular subtype of BC in diabetics on metformin in comparison to diabetics not on metformin and patients without DM. However, most likely, different distribution of the molecular subtypes of BC in these three groups of patients was caused by other risk factors for breast carcinoma, such as age of patients or obesity.

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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/14/298/prepub

Title: Long-term use of metformin and the molecular subtype in invasive breast carcinoma patients – a retrospective study of clinical and tumor characteristics
Authors: Nikola Besic
Nika Satej
Ivica Ratosa
Andreja Gojkovic Horvat
Tanja Marinko
Barbara Gazic
Rok Petric
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-298

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