Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Nephrology 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Case report

Hypokalemic paralysis associated with cystic disease of the kidney: case report

Authors: Champika SSSK Gamakaranage, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Saroj Jayasinghe, Senaka Rajapakse

Published in: BMC Nephrology | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Severe hypokalemia is known to cause muscle paralysis, and renal tubular acidosis is a recognized cause. Cystic disease of the kidney is associated with severe hypokalemia.

Case presentation

We report a 33-year-old male patient who presented with generalized limb weakness caused by severe hypokalemia due to renal tubular acidosis, who was found to have renal medullary cysts.

Conclusion

The association of cystic renal disease with hypokalemia, and the possible pathophysiological basis of the development of renal cysts in patients with severe hypokalemia, are discussed.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Stedwell RE, Allen KM, Binder LS: Hypokalemic paralyses: a review of the etiologies, pathophysiology, presentation, and therapy. Am J Emerg Med. 1992, 10 (2): 143-148. 10.1016/0735-6757(92)90048-3.CrossRefPubMed Stedwell RE, Allen KM, Binder LS: Hypokalemic paralyses: a review of the etiologies, pathophysiology, presentation, and therapy. Am J Emerg Med. 1992, 10 (2): 143-148. 10.1016/0735-6757(92)90048-3.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference River GL, Kushner DS, Armstrong SH, Dubin A, Slodki SJ, Cutting HO: Renal tubular acidosis with hypokalemia and muscular paralysis. Metabolism. 1960, 9: 1118-1132.PubMed River GL, Kushner DS, Armstrong SH, Dubin A, Slodki SJ, Cutting HO: Renal tubular acidosis with hypokalemia and muscular paralysis. Metabolism. 1960, 9: 1118-1132.PubMed
3.
go back to reference Rowbottom SJ, Ray DC, Brown DT: Hypokalemic paralysis associated with renal tubular acidosis. Crit Care Med. 1987, 15 (11): 1067-1068. 10.1097/00003246-198711000-00017.CrossRefPubMed Rowbottom SJ, Ray DC, Brown DT: Hypokalemic paralysis associated with renal tubular acidosis. Crit Care Med. 1987, 15 (11): 1067-1068. 10.1097/00003246-198711000-00017.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Caruana RJ, Buckalew VM: The syndrome of distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis. Clinical and laboratory findings in 58 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1988, 67 (2): 84-99.CrossRef Caruana RJ, Buckalew VM: The syndrome of distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis. Clinical and laboratory findings in 58 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1988, 67 (2): 84-99.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Jayasinghe KS, Mendis BL, Mohideen R, Ekanayake R, Sheriff MH, Dharmadasa K: Medullary sponge kidney presenting with hypokalaemic paralysis. Postgrad Med J. 1984, 60 (702): 303-304. 10.1136/pgmj.60.702.303.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jayasinghe KS, Mendis BL, Mohideen R, Ekanayake R, Sheriff MH, Dharmadasa K: Medullary sponge kidney presenting with hypokalaemic paralysis. Postgrad Med J. 1984, 60 (702): 303-304. 10.1136/pgmj.60.702.303.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Olney RK, Aminoff MJ: Weakness, myalgias, disorders of movement and imbalance. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Edited by: Braunwald F, Kasper, Hauser, Longo, Jameson. 2001, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1: 118-121. 15 Olney RK, Aminoff MJ: Weakness, myalgias, disorders of movement and imbalance. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Edited by: Braunwald F, Kasper, Hauser, Longo, Jameson. 2001, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1: 118-121. 15
7.
go back to reference Chu CC, Huang CC, Chu NS: Recurrent hypokalemic muscle weakness as an initial manifestation of Wilson's disease. Nephron. 1996, 73 (3): 477-479. 10.1159/000189114.PubMed Chu CC, Huang CC, Chu NS: Recurrent hypokalemic muscle weakness as an initial manifestation of Wilson's disease. Nephron. 1996, 73 (3): 477-479. 10.1159/000189114.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Koul PA, Saleem SM: Chronic active hepatitis with renal tubular acidosis presenting as hypokalemic periodic paralysis with respiratory failure. Acta Paediatr. 1992, 81 (6-7): 568-569. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12299.x.CrossRefPubMed Koul PA, Saleem SM: Chronic active hepatitis with renal tubular acidosis presenting as hypokalemic periodic paralysis with respiratory failure. Acta Paediatr. 1992, 81 (6-7): 568-569. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12299.x.CrossRefPubMed
9.
10.
go back to reference Yendt ER: Medullary Sponge Kidney. Diseases of the Kidney. Edited by: Schrier RW. 1993, Boston: Little, Brown, 525-532. 5 Yendt ER: Medullary Sponge Kidney. Diseases of the Kidney. Edited by: Schrier RW. 1993, Boston: Little, Brown, 525-532. 5
11.
go back to reference Goldman SH, Walker SR, Merigan TC, Gardner KD, Bull JM: Hereditary occurrence of cystic disease of the renal medulla. N Engl J Med. 1966, 274 (18): 984-992. 10.1056/NEJM196605052741802.CrossRefPubMed Goldman SH, Walker SR, Merigan TC, Gardner KD, Bull JM: Hereditary occurrence of cystic disease of the renal medulla. N Engl J Med. 1966, 274 (18): 984-992. 10.1056/NEJM196605052741802.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Kasap B, Soylu A, Oren O, Turkmen M, Kavukcu S: Medullary sponge kidney associated with distal renal tubular acidosis in a 5-year-old girl. Eur J Pediatr. 2006, 165 (9): 648-651. 10.1007/s00431-006-0125-0.CrossRefPubMed Kasap B, Soylu A, Oren O, Turkmen M, Kavukcu S: Medullary sponge kidney associated with distal renal tubular acidosis in a 5-year-old girl. Eur J Pediatr. 2006, 165 (9): 648-651. 10.1007/s00431-006-0125-0.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Carboni I, Andreucci E, Caruso MR, Ciccone R, Zuffardi O, Genuardi M, Pela I, Giglio S: Medullary sponge kidney associated with primary distal renal tubular acidosis and mutations of the H+-ATPase genes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009, 24 (9): 2734-2738. 10.1093/ndt/gfp160.CrossRefPubMed Carboni I, Andreucci E, Caruso MR, Ciccone R, Zuffardi O, Genuardi M, Pela I, Giglio S: Medullary sponge kidney associated with primary distal renal tubular acidosis and mutations of the H+-ATPase genes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009, 24 (9): 2734-2738. 10.1093/ndt/gfp160.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Levine E, Hartman DS, Meilstrup JW, Van Slyke MA, Edgar KA, Barth JC: Current concepts and controversies in imaging of renal cystic diseases. Urol Clin North Am. 1997, 24 (3): 523-543. 10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70400-6.CrossRefPubMed Levine E, Hartman DS, Meilstrup JW, Van Slyke MA, Edgar KA, Barth JC: Current concepts and controversies in imaging of renal cystic diseases. Urol Clin North Am. 1997, 24 (3): 523-543. 10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70400-6.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Bisceglia M, Galliani CA, Senger C, Stallone C, Sessa A: Renal cystic diseases: a review. Adv Anat Pathol. 2006, 13 (1): 26-56. 10.1097/01.pap.0000201831.77472.d3.CrossRefPubMed Bisceglia M, Galliani CA, Senger C, Stallone C, Sessa A: Renal cystic diseases: a review. Adv Anat Pathol. 2006, 13 (1): 26-56. 10.1097/01.pap.0000201831.77472.d3.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Torres VE, Young WF, Offord KP, Hattery RR: Association of hypokalemia, aldosteronism, and renal cysts. N Engl J Med. 1990, 322 (6): 345-351. 10.1056/NEJM199002083220601.CrossRefPubMed Torres VE, Young WF, Offord KP, Hattery RR: Association of hypokalemia, aldosteronism, and renal cysts. N Engl J Med. 1990, 322 (6): 345-351. 10.1056/NEJM199002083220601.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Grantham JJ: Polycystic kidney disease--an old problem in a new context. N Engl J Med. 1988, 319 (14): 944-946. 10.1056/NEJM198810063191409.CrossRefPubMed Grantham JJ: Polycystic kidney disease--an old problem in a new context. N Engl J Med. 1988, 319 (14): 944-946. 10.1056/NEJM198810063191409.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Walsh-Reitz MM, Toback FG: Kidney epithelial cell growth is stimulated by lowering extracellular potassium concentration. Am J Physiol. 1983, 244 (5): C429-432.PubMed Walsh-Reitz MM, Toback FG: Kidney epithelial cell growth is stimulated by lowering extracellular potassium concentration. Am J Physiol. 1983, 244 (5): C429-432.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Novak-Hofer I, Kung W, Eppenberger U: Role of extracellular electrolytes in the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase by epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin in ZR-75-1 cells. J Cell Biol. 1988, 106 (2): 395-401. 10.1083/jcb.106.2.395.CrossRefPubMed Novak-Hofer I, Kung W, Eppenberger U: Role of extracellular electrolytes in the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase by epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin in ZR-75-1 cells. J Cell Biol. 1988, 106 (2): 395-401. 10.1083/jcb.106.2.395.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Hypokalemic paralysis associated with cystic disease of the kidney: case report
Authors
Champika SSSK Gamakaranage
Chaturaka Rodrigo
Saroj Jayasinghe
Senaka Rajapakse
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Nephrology / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2369
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-12-16

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

BMC Nephrology 1/2011 Go to the issue