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BMC Infectious Diseases
Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research article

Infection by Brazilian and Dutch swine hepatitis E virus strains induces haematological changes in Macaca fascicularis

Authors: Lilian G de Carvalho, Renato S Marchevsky, Debora RL dos Santos, Jaqueline M de Oliveira, Vanessa S de Paula, Leilane M Lopes, Wilhelmus HM Van der Poel, Jorge E González, Maria S Munné, Julio Moran, Ana Carolina R A Cajaraville, Marcelo Pelajo-Machado, Oswaldo G Cruz, Marcelo A Pinto

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

Background

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been described as an emerging pathogen in Brazil and seems to be widely disseminated among swine herds. An autochthonous human case of acute hepatitis E was recently reported. To obtain a better understanding of the phenotypic profiles of both human and swine HEV strains, a experimental study was conducted using the animal model, Macaca fascicularis.

Methods

Six cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were inoculated intravenously with swine HEV genotype 3 that was isolated from naturally and experimentally infected pigs in Brazil and the Netherlands. Two other monkeys were inoculated with HEV genotype 3 that was recovered from Brazilian and Argentinean patients with locally acquired acute and fulminant hepatitis E. The haematological, biochemical, and virological parameters of all animals were monitored for 67 days.

Results

Subclinical hepatitis was observed in all monkeys after inoculation with HEV genotype 3 that was recovered from the infected swine and human patients. HEV RNA was detected in the serum and/or faeces of 6 out of the 8 cynomolgus monkeys between 5 and 53 days after inoculation. The mild inflammation of liver tissues and elevations of discrete liver enzymes were observed. Seroconversions to anti-HEV IgM and/or IgG were detected in 7 animals. Reactivities to anti-HEV IgA were also detected in the salivary samples of 3 animals. Interestingly, all of the infected monkeys showed severe lymphopenia and a trend toward monocytosis, which coincided with elevations in alanine aminotransferase and antibody titres.

Conclusions

The ability of HEV to cross the species barrier was confirmed for both the swine (Brazilian and Dutch) and human (Argentinean) strains, thus reinforcing the zoonotic risk of hepatitis E in South America. Cynomolgus monkeys that were infected with HEV genotype 3 developed subclinical hepatitis that was associated with haematological changes. Haematological approaches should be considered in future studies of HEV infection.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Infection by Brazilian and Dutch swine hepatitis E virus strains induces haematological changes in Macaca fascicularis
Authors
Lilian G de Carvalho
Renato S Marchevsky
Debora RL dos Santos
Jaqueline M de Oliveira
Vanessa S de Paula
Leilane M Lopes
Wilhelmus HM Van der Poel
Jorge E González
Maria S Munné
Julio Moran
Ana Carolina R A Cajaraville
Marcelo Pelajo-Machado
Oswaldo G Cruz
Marcelo A Pinto
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-495

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