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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
Published in: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Septicemia | Review

Sepsis: mechanisms of bacterial injury to the patient

Author: Hayk Minasyan

Published in: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

In bacteremia the majority of bacterial species are killed by oxidation on the surface of erythrocytes and digested by local phagocytes in the liver and the spleen. Sepsis-causing bacteria overcome this mechanism of human innate immunity by versatile respiration, production of antioxidant enzymes, hemolysins, exo- and endotoxins, exopolymers and other factors that suppress host defense and provide bacterial survival. Entering the bloodstream in different forms (planktonic, encapsulated, L-form, biofilm fragments), they cause different types of sepsis (fulminant, acute, subacute, chronic, etc.). Sepsis treatment includes antibacterial therapy, support of host vital functions and restore of homeostasis. A bacterium killing is only one of numerous aspects of antibacterial therapy. The latter should inhibit the production of bacterial antioxidant enzymes and hemolysins, neutralize bacterial toxins, modulate bacterial respiration, increase host tolerance to bacterial products, facilitate host bactericidal mechanism and disperse bacterial capsule and biofilm.
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Metadata
Title
Sepsis: mechanisms of bacterial injury to the patient
Author
Hayk Minasyan
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-019-0596-4

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