Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Reproductive Health
Published in: Reproductive Health 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Mood Disorders | Review

The relationship between social support and mental health problems during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Asres Bedaso, Jon Adams, Wenbo Peng, David Sibbritt

Published in: Reproductive Health | Issue 1/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Pregnancy is a time of profound physical and emotional change as well as an increased risk of mental illness. While strengthening social support is a common recommendation to reduce such mental health risk, no systematic review or meta-analysis has yet examined the relationship between social support and mental problems during pregnancy.

Methods

The PRISMA checklist was used as a guide to systematically review relevant peer-reviewed literature reporting primary data analyses. PubMed, Psych Info, MIDIRS, SCOPUS, and CINAHL database searches were conducted to retrieve research articles published between the years 2000 to 2019. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool was used for quality appraisal and the meta-analysis was conducted using STATA. The Q and the I2 statistics were used to evaluate heterogeneity. A random-effects model was used to pool estimates. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test and adjusted using trim and Fill analysis.

Result

From the identified 3760 articles, 67 articles with 64,449 pregnant women were part of the current systematic review and meta-analysis. From the total 67 articles, 22 and 45 articles included in the narrative analysis and meta-analysis, respectively. From the total articles included in the narrative analysis, 20 articles reported a significant relationship between low social support and the risk of developing mental health problems (i.e. depression, anxiety, and self-harm) during pregnancy. After adjusting for publication bias, based on the results of the random-effect model, the pooled odds ratio (POR) of low social support was AOR: 1.18 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.41) for studies examining the relationship between low social support and antenatal depression and AOR: 1.97 (95% CI: 1.34, 2.92) for studies examining the relationship between low social support and antenatal anxiety.

Conclusion

Low social support shows significant associations with the risk of depression, anxiety, and self-harm during pregnancy. Policy-makers and those working on maternity care should consider the development of targeted social support programs with a view to helping reduce mental health problems amongst pregnant women.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Davalos DB, Yadon CA, Tregellas HC. Untreated prenatal maternal depression and the potential risks to offspring: a review. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2012;15:1–14.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Smith MV, Shao L, Howell H, Lin H, Yonkers KA. Perinatal depression and birth outcomes in a Healthy Start project. Matern Child Health J. 2011;15:401–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
3.
Diego MA, Jones NA, Field T, Hernandez-Reif M, Schanberg S, Kuhn C, Gonzalez-Garcia A. Maternal psychological distress, prenatal cortisol, and fetal weight. Psychosom Med. 2006;68:747–53.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Brown SJ, Yelland JS, Sutherland GA, Baghurst PA, Robinson JS. Stressful life events, social health issues and low birth weight in an Australian population-based birth cohort: challenges and opportunities in antenatal care. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:196.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
5.
Divney AA, Sipsma H, Gordon D, Niccolai L, Magriples U, Kershaw T. Depression during pregnancy among young couples: the effect of personal and partner experiences of stressors and the buffering effects of social relationships. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2012;25:201–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
6.
Dunkel Schetter C. Psychological science on pregnancy: stress processes, biopsychosocial models, and emerging research issues. Annu Rev Psychol. 2011;62:531–58.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Rich-Edwards JW, Kleinman K, Abrams A, Harlow BL, McLaughlin TJ, Joffe H, Gillman MW. Sociodemographic predictors of antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among women in a medical group practice. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 2006;60:221–7.CrossRef
8.
Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tunçalp Ö, Moller A-B, Daniels J, Gülmezoglu AM, Temmerman M, Alkema L. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2:e323–33.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Huizink AC, Mulder EJ, de Medina PGR, Visser GH, Buitelaar JK. Is pregnancy anxiety a distinctive syndrome? Early Hum Dev. 2004;79:81–91.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Rico MAG, Rodríguez AJM, Díez SMU, Real MCM. Análisis de la relación entre riesgo gestacional y ansiedad materna. Prog Obstet Ginecol. 2010;53:273–9.CrossRef
11.
Hernández-Martínez C, Val VA, Murphy M, Busquets PC, Sans JC. Relation between positive and negative maternal emotional states and obstetrical outcomes. Women Health. 2011;51:124–35.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Nieminen K, Stephansson O, Ryding EL. Women’s fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section—a cross-sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88:807–13.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Teixeira C, Figueiredo B, Conde A, Pacheco A, Costa R. Anxiety and depression during pregnancy in women and men. J Affect Disord. 2009;119:142–8.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Dennis C-L, Falah-Hassani K, Shiri R. Prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2017;210:315–23.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Lopez AD, Murray CJ. The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020; summary. Harvard School of Public Health; 1996.
16.
Kastrup MC, Ramos AB. Global mental health. Dan Med Bull. 2007;54:42–3.PubMed
17.
Dadi AF, Miller ER, Bisetegn TA, Mwanri L. Global burden of antenatal depression and its association with adverse birth outcomes: an umbrella review. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:173.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Gausia K, Fisher C, Ali M, Oosthuizen J. Antenatal depression and suicidal ideation among rural Bangladeshi women: a community-based study. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2009;12:351–8.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Frautschi S, Cerulli A, Maine D. Suicide during pregnancy and its neglect as a component of maternal mortality. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1994;47:275–84.CrossRef
20.
Newport DJ, Levey L, Pennell P, Ragan K, Stowe ZN. Suicidal ideation in pregnancy: assessment and clinical implications. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2007;10:181–7.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Lindahl V, Pearson JL, Colpe L. Prevalence of suicidality during pregnancy and the postpartum. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2005;8:77–87.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Orr ST, Miller CA. Maternal depressive symptoms and the risk of poor pregnancy outcome: review of the literature and preliminary findings. Epidemiol Rev. 1995;17:165–71.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Kurki T, Hiilesmaa V, Raitasalo R, Mattila H, Ylikorkala O. Depression and anxiety in early pregnancy and risk for preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:487–90.PubMed
24.
Freeman MP. Perinatal psychiatry: risk factors, treatment data, and specific challenges for clinical researchers. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69:633–4.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Steer RA, Scholl TO, Hediger ML, Fischer RL. Self-reported depression and negative pregnancy outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:1093–9.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Hollins K. Consequences of antenatal mental health problems for child health and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;19:568–72.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Stott D. Follow-up study from birth of the effects of prenatal stresses. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1973;15:770–87.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Heron J, O’Connor TG, Evans J, Golding J, Glover V, Team AS. The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample. J Affect Disord. 2004;80:65–73.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Figueiredo B, Costa R, Pacheco A, Pais A. Mother-to-infant emotional involvement at birth. Matern Child Health J. 2009;13:539–49.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Hart S, Field T, del Valle C, Pelaez-Nogueras M. Depressed mothers’ interactions with their one-year-old infants. Infant Behav Dev. 1998;21:519–25.CrossRef
31.
Straub H, Qadir S, Miller G, Borders A. Stress and stress reduction. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2014;57:579–606.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Shapiro GD, Fraser WD, Frasch MG, Séguin JR. Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and preterm birth: associations and mechanisms. J Perinat Med. 2013;41:631–45.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
33.
Orr ST, Miller CA. Unintended pregnancy and the psychosocial well-being of pregnant women. Womens Health Issues. 1997;7:38–46.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Norbeck JS, DeJoseph JF, Smith RT. A randomized trial of an empirically-derived social support intervention to prevent low birthweight among African American women. Soc Sci Med. 1996;43:947–54.PubMedCrossRef
35.
36.
Berkman LF. Social support, social networks, social cohesion and health. Soc Work Health Care. 2000;31:3–14.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull. 1985;98:310.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Edwards B, Galletly C, Semmler-Booth T, Dekker G. Antenatal psychosocial risk factors and depression among women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged suburbs in Adelaide, South Australia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008;42:45–50.PubMedCrossRef
39.
40.
Ogbo FA, Eastwood J, Hendry A, Jalaludin B, Agho KE, Barnett B, Page A. Determinants of antenatal depression and postnatal depression in Australia. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18:49.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
Biaggi A, Conroy S, Pawlby S, Pariante CM. Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2016;191:62–77.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
Nasreen HE, Kabir ZN, Forsell Y, Edhborg M. Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: a population based study in rural Bangladesh. BMC Womens Health. 2011;11:1–9.CrossRef
43.
e Couto TC, Brancaglion MYM, Cardoso MN, Faria GC, Garcia FD, Nicolato R, Aguiar RALP, Leite HV, Corrêa H. Suicidality among pregnant women in Brazil: prevalence and risk factors. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016;19:343–8.CrossRef
44.
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Moher D. Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;134:103–12.PubMedCrossRef
45.
46.
Cowan N. The magical number 4 in short-term memory: a reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behav Brain Sci. 2001;24:87–114.PubMedCrossRef
47.
APA: American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder version 5. 2012, 4.
48.
Cohen MM, Ansara D, Schei B, Stuckless N, Stewart DE. Posttraumatic stress disorder after pregnancy, labor, and delivery. J Women’s Health (15409996). 2004;13:315–24.CrossRef
49.
Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25:603–5.PubMedCrossRef
50.
51.
Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JP, Rothstein HR. A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1:97–111.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ Br Med J. 2003;327:557–60.CrossRef
53.
54.
Ioannidis JP. Interpretation of tests of heterogeneity and bias in meta-analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2008;14:951–7.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Aitkin M. A general maximum likelihood analysis of variance components in generalized linear models. Biometrics. 1999;55:117–28.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539–58.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Herbell K, Zauszniewski JA. Stress experiences and mental health of pregnant women: the mediating role of social support. Issues Mental Health Nursing. 2019;40:613–20
58.
Fall A, Goulet L, Vézina M. Comparative study of major depressive symptoms among pregnant women by employment status. Springerplus. 2013;2:1–11.CrossRef
59.
Abujilban SK, Abuidhail J, Al-Modallal H, Hamaideh S, Mosemli O. Predictors of antenatal depression among Jordanian pregnant women in their third trimester. Health Care Women Int. 2014;35:200–15.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Adewuya AO, Ola BA, Aloba OO, Dada AO, Fasoto OO. Prevalence and correlates of depression in late pregnancy among Nigerian women. Depress Anxiety. 2007;24:15–21.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Agostini F, Neri E, Salvatori P, Dellabartola S, Bozicevic L, Monti F. Antenatal depressive symptoms associated with specific life events and sources of social support among Italian women. Matern Child Health J. 2015;19:1131–41.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Akiki S, Avison WR, Speechley KN, Campbell MK. Determinants of maternal antenatal state-anxiety in mid-pregnancy: Role of maternal feelings about the pregnancy. J Affect Disord. 2016;196:260–7.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Anindyajati G, Ismail RI, Diatri H, Elvira SD. Antenatal depression and its determinant factors in urban community setting. Adv Sci Lett. 2017;23:3439–41.CrossRef
64.
Bayrampour H, McDonald S, Tough S. Risk factors of transient and persistent anxiety during pregnancy. Midwifery. 2015;31:582–9.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Belay YA, Moges NA, Hiksa FF, Arado KK, Liben ML. Prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Dubti Hospital: a case of pastoralist region in Northeast Ethiopia. Depress Res Treat. 2018;2018:1659089.PubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Bernard O, Gibson RC, McCaw-Binns A, Reece J, Coore-Desai C, Shakespeare-Pellington S, Samms-Vaughan M. Antenatal depressive symptoms in Jamaica associated with limited perceived partner and other social support: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2018;13: e0194338.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
67.
Biratu A, Haile D. Prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Health. 2015;12:99.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
68.
Bisetegn TA, Mihretie G, Muche T. Prevalence and predictors of depression among pregnant women in Debretabor, Town Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 2016;11: e0161108.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
69.
Cankorur VS, Abas M, Berksun O, Stewart R. Social support and the incidence and persistence of depression between antenatal and postnatal examinations in Turkey: a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2015;5: e006456.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
70.
Chee CY, Lee DT, Chong Y, Tan L, Ng T, Fones CS. Confinement and other psychosocial factors in perinatal depression: a transcultural study in Singapore. J Affect Disord. 2005;89:157–66.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Cheng ER, Rifas-Shiman SL, Perkins ME, Rich-Edwards JW, Gillman MW, Wright R, Taveras EM. The influence of antenatal partner support on pregnancy outcomes. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016;25:672–9.CrossRef
72.
Clements AD, Fletcher TR, Childress LD, Montgomery RA, Bailey BA. Social support, religious commitment, and depressive symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2016;34:247–59.CrossRef
73.
Dibaba Y, Fantahun M, Hindin MJ. The association of unwanted pregnancy and social support with depressive symptoms in pregnancy: evidence from rural Southwestern Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13:135.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
74.
Dong X, Qu Z, Liu F, Jiang X, Wang Y, Chui CH, Wang X, Tian D, Zhang X. Depression and its risk factors among pregnant women in 2008 Sichuan earthquake area and non-earthquake struck area in China. J Affect Disord. 2013;151:566–72.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Dudas RB, Csatordai S, Devosa I, Toreki A, Ando B, Barabas K, Pal A, Kozinszky Z. Obstetric and psychosocial risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Psychiatry Res. 2012;200:323–8.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Duko B, Ayano G, Bedaso A. Depression among pregnant women and associated factors in Hawassa city, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study. Reprod Health. 2019;16:25.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
77.
Dunkel Schetter C, Niles AN, Guardino CM, Khaled M, Kramer MS. Demographic, medical, and psychosocial predictors of pregnancy anxiety. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2016;30:421–9.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Gao L, Qu J, Wang AY. Anxiety, depression and social support in pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage: a cross-sectional study. J Reproduct Infant Psychol. 2020.38:497–508.
79.
Golbasi Z, Kelleci M, Kisacik G, Cetin A. Prevalence and correlates of depression in pregnancy among Turkish women. Matern Child Health J. 2010;14:485–91.PubMedCrossRef
80.
Gourounti K, Anagnostopoulos F, Lykeridou K. Coping strategies as psychological risk factor for antenatal anxiety, worries, and depression among Greek women. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2013;16:353–61.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Hain S, Oddo-Sommerfeld S, Bahlmann F, Louwen F, Schermelleh-Engel K. Risk and protective factors for antepartum and postpartum depression: a prospective study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;37:119–29.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Herbell K, Zauszniewski JA. Stress experiences and mental health of pregnant women: the mediating role of social support. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2019;40:613–20.CrossRef
83.
van Heyningen T, Honikman S, Myer L, Onah MN, Field S, Tomlinson M. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety disorders amongst low-income pregnant women in urban South Africa: a cross-sectional study. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017;20:765–75.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
84.
Jeong H-G, Lim J-S, Lee M-S, Kim S-H, Jung I-K, Joe S-H. The association of psychosocial factors and obstetric history with depression in pregnant women: focus on the role of emotional support. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013;35:354–8.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Lau Y. A longitudinal study of family conflicts, social support, and antenatal depressive symptoms among Chinese women. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2011;25:206–19.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Lee AM, Lam SK, Lau SMSM, Chong CSY, Chui HW, Fong DYT. Prevalence, course, and risk factors for antenatal anxiety and depression. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110:1102–12.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Li Y, Long Z, Cao D, Cao F. Social support and depression across the perinatal period: a longitudinal study. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26:2776–83.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Nath A, Venkatesh S, Balan S, Metgud CS, Krishna M, Murthy GVS. The prevalence and determinants of pregnancy-related anxiety amongst pregnant women at less than 24 weeks of pregnancy in Bangalore Southern India. Int J Womens Health. 2019;11:241–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
89.
Onah MN, Field S, Bantjes J, Honikman S. Perinatal suicidal ideation and behaviour: psychiatry and adversity. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017;20:321–31.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Pajulo M, Savonlahti E, Sourander A, Helenius H, Piha J. Antenatal depression, substance dependency and social support. J Affect Disord. 2001;65:9–17.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Rashid A, Mohd R. Poor social support as a risk factor for antenatal depressive symptoms among women attending public antennal clinics in Penang, Malaysia. Reprod Health. 2017;14:144.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
92.
Rubertsson C, Waldenström U, Wickberg B. Depressive mood in early pregnancy: prevalence and women at risk in a national Swedish sample. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2003;21:113–23.CrossRef
93.
Shafaie FS, Mirghafourvand M, Rahmati M, Nouri P, Bagherinia M. Association between psychological status with perceived social support in pregnant women referring to Tabriz health centers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31:1554–60.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Sheeba B, Nath A, Metgud CS, Krishna M, Venkatesh S, Vindhya J, Murthy GVS. Prenatal depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangalore: a hospital based prevalence study. Front Public Health. 2019;7:108.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
95.
Sidebottom AC, Hellerstedt WL, Harrison PA, Jones-Webb RJ. Prenatal care: associations with prenatal depressive symptoms and social support in low-income urban women. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017;20:633–44.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Spoozak L, Gotman N, Smith MV, Belanger K, Yonkers KA. Evaluation of a social support measure that may indicate risk of depression during pregnancy. J Affect Disord. 2009;114:216–23.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Stewart RC, Umar E, Tomenson B, Creed F. A cross-sectional study of antenatal depression and associated factors in Malawi. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2014;17:145–54.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Tang X, Lu Z, Hu D, Zhong X. Influencing factors for prenatal Stress, anxiety and depression in early pregnancy among women in Chongqing, China. J Affect Disord. 2019;253:292–302.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Verreault N, Da Costa D, Marchand A, Ireland K, Dritsa M, Khalife S. Rates and risk factors associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy and with postpartum onset. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;35:84–91.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Woldetensay YK, Belachew T, Biesalski HK, Ghosh S, Lacruz ME, Scherbaum V, Kantelhardt EJ. The role of nutrition, intimate partner violence and social support in prenatal depressive symptoms in rural Ethiopia: community based birth cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18:374.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
101.
Yanikkerem E, Ay S, Mutlu S, Goker A. Antenatal depression: prevalence and risk factors in a hospital based Turkish sample. J Pak Med Assoc. 2013;63:472–7.PubMed
102.
Zeng Y, Cui Y, Li J. Prevalence and predictors of antenatal depressive symptoms among Chinese women in their third trimester: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:66.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
103.
Sahile MA, Segni MT, Awoke T, Bekele D. Prevalence and predictors of antenatal depressive symptoms among women attending Adama Hospital Antenatal Clinic, Adama, Ethiopia. Int J Nurs Midwifery. 2017;9:58–64.CrossRef
104.
Records K, Rice M. Psychosocial correlates of depression symptoms during the third trimester of pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2007;36:231–42.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Marchesi C, Ampollini P, Paraggio C, Giaracuni G, Ossola P, De Panfilis C, Tonna M, Viviani D. Risk factors for panic disorder in pregnancy: a cohort study. J Affect Disord. 2014;156:134–8.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Waqas A, Raza N, Lodhi HW, Muhammad Z, Jamal M, Rehman A. Psychosocial factors of antenatal anxiety and depression in Pakistan: is social support a mediator? PLoS ONE. 2015;10: e0116510.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
107.
Westdahl C, Milan S, Magriples U, Kershaw TS, Rising SS, Ickovics JR. Social support and social conflict as predictors of prenatal depression. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110:134–40.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
108.
Nasreen HE, Kabir ZN, Forsell Y, Edhborg M. Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: a population based study in rural Bangladesh. BMC Womens Health. 2011;11:22.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
109.
Martini J, Petzoldt J, Einsle F, Beesdo-Baum K, Hofler M, Wittchen HU. Risk factors and course patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders during pregnancy and after delivery: a prospective-longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2015;175:385–95.PubMedCrossRef
110.
Huang MZ, Kao CH, Lin KC, Hwang JL, Puthussery S, Gau ML. Psychological health of women who have conceived using assisted reproductive technology in Taiwan: findings from a longitudinal study. BMC Womens Health. 2019;19:97.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
111.
Jesse DE, Walcott-McQuigg J, Mariella A, Swanson MS. Risks and protective factors associated with symptoms of depression in low-income African American and Caucasian women during pregnancy. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2005;50:405–10.PubMedCrossRef
112.
Blaney NT, Fernandez MI, Ethier KA, Wilson TE, Walter E, Koenig LJ. Psychosocial and behavioral correlates of depression among HIV-infected pregnant women. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2004;18:405–15.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Glazier R, Elgar F, Goel V, Holzapfel S. Stress, social support, and emotional distress in a community sample of pregnant women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;25:247–55.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Senturk V, Abas M, Berksun O, Stewart R. Social support and antenatal depression in extended and nuclear family environments in Turkey: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychiatry. 2011;11:48.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
115.
Shidhaye P, Shidhaye R, Phalke V. Association of gender disadvantage factors and gender preference with antenatal depression in women: a cross-sectional study from rural Maharashtra. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2017;52:737–48.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Hartley M, Tomlinson M, Greco E, Comulada WS, Stewart J, le Roux I, Mbewu N, Rotheram-Borus MJ. Depressed mood in pregnancy: prevalence and correlates in two Cape Town peri-urban settlements. Reprod Health. 2011;8:9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
117.
Rwakarema M, Premji SS, Nyanza EC, Riziki P, Palacios-Derflingher L. Antenatal depression is associated with pregnancy-related anxiety, partner relations, and wealth in women in Northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2015;15:68.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
118.
Heyningen TV, Myer L, Onah M, Tomlinson M, Field S, Honikman S. Antenatal depression and adversity in urban South Africa. J Affect Disord. 2016;203:121–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
119.
Pinheiro RT, da Cunha Coelho FM, da Silva RA, de Avila QL, de Mattos Souza LD, Castelli RD, de Matos MB, Pinheiro KA. Suicidal behavior in pregnant teenagers in southern Brazil: social, obstetric and psychiatric correlates. J Affect Disord. 2012;136:520–5.PubMedCrossRef
120.
Supraja T, Thennarasu K, Satyanarayana VA, Seena T, Desai G, Jangam KV, Chandra PS. Suicidality in early pregnancy among antepartum mothers in urban India. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016;19:1101–8.PubMedCrossRef
121.
Salameh T. Factors influencing postpartum depression among Jordanian women. Amman, Jordan: University of Jordan, Faculty of Nursing; 2006.
122.
Hatton D, Harrison-Hohner J, Matarazzo J, Edwards P, Lewy A, Davis L. Missed antenatal depression among high risk women: a secondary analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2007;10:121–3.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Ismail R. Analisis item, uji reliabilitas dan validitas kuesioner dukungan sosial (KDS) untuk ibu hamil dan nifas. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia; 2001.
124.
Dalgard OS, Dowrick C, Lehtinen V, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Casey P, Wilkinson G, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Page H, Dunn G, Group O. Negative life events, social support and gender difference in depression. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006;41:444–51.PubMedCrossRef
125.
Stansfeld S, Marmot M. Deriving a survey measure of social support: the reliability and validity of the Close Persons Questionnaire. Soc Sci Med. 1992;35:1027–35.PubMedCrossRef
126.
Turner RJ, Grindstaff CF, Phillips N. Social support and outcome in teenage pregnancy. J Health Soc Behav. 1990;31:43–57.PubMedCrossRef
127.
Curry MA, Campbell RA, Christian M. Validity and reliability testing of the prenatal psychosocial profile. Res Nurs Health. 1994;17:127–35.PubMedCrossRef
128.
Chou K. Assessing Chinese adolescents’ social support: The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Pers Individ Dif. 2000;28:299–307.
129.
Pascoe J, Ialongo NS, Horn W, Reinhart M, Perradatto D. The reliability and validity of the maternal social support index. Fam Med. 1988;20:271–6.PubMed
130.
Kendler KS, Myers J, Prescott CA. Sex differences in the relationship between social support and risk for major depression: a longitudinal study of opposite-sex twin pairs. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:250–6.PubMedCrossRef
131.
Xiao S. The theoretical basis and research application of social support rating scale. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994;4:98–100.
132.
Rizwan M, Syed N. Urdu translation and psychometric properties of social provision scale. Int J Educ Psychol Assess. 2010;4.
133.
Fydrich T, Sommer G, Brähler E. Fragebogen zur Sozialen Unterstützung: F-SozU; Manual. Hogrefe; 2007
134.
Kafetsios K. Social support questionnaire-short form. The psychometric instruments in Greece Ellinika Grammata, Athens. 2002;373
135.
Fydrich T, Geyer M, Hessel A, Sommer G, Brähler E. Fragebogen zur sozialen Unterstützung (F-SozU): Normierung an einer repräsentativen Stichprobe. Diagnostica. 1999;45:212–6.CrossRef
136.
Cohen S, Mermelstein R, Kamarck T, Hoberman HM. Measuring the functional components of social support. In: Social support: theory, research and applications. Dordrecht: Springer; 1985. p. 73–94.CrossRef
137.
Weinert C, Brandt PA. Measuring social support with the Personal Resource Questionnaire. West J Nurs Res. 1987;9:589–602.PubMedCrossRef
138.
Turner RJ, Marino F. Social support and social structure: a descriptive epidemiology. J Health Soc Behav. 1994;35:193–212.PubMedCrossRef
139.
140.
Alden LE, Mellings TM. Generalized social phobia and social judgments: the salience of self-and partner-information. J Anxiety Disord. 2004;18:143–57.PubMedCrossRef
141.
Paykel ES. Life events, social support and depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1994;377:50–8.PubMedCrossRef
142.
Michalak EE, Wilkinson C, Hood K, Dowrick C, Wilkinson G. Seasonality, negative life events and social support in a community sample. Br J Psychiatry. 2003;182:434–8.PubMedCrossRef
143.
Chojenta C, Loxton D, Lucke J. How do previous mental health, social support, and stressful life events contribute to postnatal depression in a representative sample of Australian women? J Midwifery Womens Health. 2012;57:145–50.PubMedCrossRef
144.
Khazaeian S, Kariman N, Ebadi A, Nasiri M. The impact of social capital and social support on the health of female-headed households: a systematic review. Electron Phys. 2017;9:6027.CrossRef
145.
146.
Ghasemipoor M, Jahanbakhsh GS. The relationship between the social support and mental health in Lorestan university students in 2009. YAFTEH. 2010;1(2):57–64.
147.
Kamran F. ErshadiKh. Discovering social capital and mental health relationship. Soc Res (Islamic Azad University Roudehen Branch). 2009;2(3):29–54.
148.
Bullock L, Wells J, Duff G, Hornblow A. Telephone support for pregnant women: outcome in late pregnancy. N Z Med J. 1995;108:476–8.PubMed
149.
Snaith VJ, Hewison J, Steen IN, Robson SC. Antenatal telephone support intervention with and without uterine artery Doppler screening for low risk nulliparous women: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:1–11.CrossRef
150.
Côté-Arsenault D, Schwartz K, Krowchuk H, McCoy TP. Evidence-based intervention with women pregnant after perinatal loss. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2014;39:177–86.PubMedCrossRef
151.
152.
Bourdieu P. The fine distinctions. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp; 1982. (in German).
153.
Jenkins R, Njenga F, Okonji M, Kigamwa P, Baraza M, Ayuyo J, Singleton N, McManus S, Kiima D. Prevalence of common mental disorders in a rural district of Kenya, and socio-demographic risk factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9:1810–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadata
Title
The relationship between social support and mental health problems during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors
Asres Bedaso
Jon Adams
Wenbo Peng
David Sibbritt
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Reproductive Health / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1742-4755
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01209-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

Reproductive Health 1/2021 Go to the issue

Research

Household income and medical help-seeking for fertility problems among a representative population in Japan

Research

Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants with preeclampsia

Commentary

Prioritizing sexual and reproductive health in the face of competing health needs: where are we going?

Research

Contraception for married adolescents (15–19 years) in India: insights from the National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4)

Review

Minimum initial service package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health for women in a displacement setting: a narrative review on the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon

Research

Optimizing the design of a contraceptive microarray patch: a discrete choice experiment on women’s preferences in India and Nigeria