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01-12-2017 | Original Article

Prevalence and predictors of anxiety disorders amongst low-income pregnant women in urban South Africa: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Thandi van Heyningen, Simone Honikman, Landon Myer, Michael N. Onah, Sally Field, Mark Tomlinson

Published in: Archives of Women's Mental Health | Issue 6/2017

Abstract

Anxiety is highly prevalent in many populations; however, the burden of anxiety disorders amongst pregnant women in low-resource settings is not well documented. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of antenatal anxiety disorders amongst low-income women living with psychosocial adversity. Pregnant women were recruited from an urban, primary level clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview diagnostic interview assessed prevalence of anxiety disorders. Four self-report questionnaires measured psychosocial characteristics. Logistic regression models explored demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, psychosocial risk factors and psychiatric comorbidity as predictors for anxiety disorders. Amongst 376 participants, the prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 23%. Although 11% of all women had post-traumatic stress disorder, 18% of the total sample was diagnosed with other anxiety disorders. Multivariable analysis revealed several predictors for anxiety including a history of mental health problems (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.03–8.32), Major depressive episode (MDE) diagnosis (AOR 3.83; CI 1.99–7.31), multigravidity (AOR 2.87; CI 1.17–7.07), food insecurity (AOR 2.57; CI 1.48–4.46), unplanned and unwanted pregnancy (AOR 2.14; CI 1.11–4.15), pregnancy loss (AOR 2.10; CI 1.19–3.75) and experience of threatening life events (AOR 1.30; CI 1.04–1.57). Increased perceived social support appeared to reduce the risk for antenatal anxiety (AOR 0.95; CI 0.91–0.99). A range of antenatal anxiety disorders are prevalent amongst pregnant women living in low-resource settings. Women who experience psychosocial adversity may be exposed to multiple risk factors, which render them vulnerable to developing antenatal anxiety disorders.

In South Africa, the term “coloured” refers to a grouping of people of mixed race ancestry that self-identify as a particular ethnic and cultural grouping.

This was a monthly income of R501 or less, equivalent to approximately US$34 per month. According to Statistics South Africa, people earning this amount or less would probably have to sacrifice some food items to be able to afford to buy essential non-food items. Approximately 37% of the South African population live in this income bracket (Statistics South Africa 2015).

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Title: Prevalence and predictors of anxiety disorders amongst low-income pregnant women in urban South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Thandi van Heyningen
Simone Honikman
Landon Myer
Michael N. Onah
Sally Field
Mark Tomlinson
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Published in: Archives of Women's Mental Health / Issue 6/2017
Print ISSN: 1434-1816
Electronic ISSN: 1435-1102
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-017-0768-z

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Prevalence and predictors of anxiety disorders amongst low-income pregnant women in urban South Africa: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

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