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Molecular Cancer
Published in: Molecular Cancer 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Review

Neoantigen vaccine: an emerging tumor immunotherapy

Authors: Miao Peng, Yongzhen Mo, Yian Wang, Pan Wu, Yijie Zhang, Fang Xiong, Can Guo, Xu Wu, Yong Li, Xiaoling Li, Guiyuan Li, Wei Xiong, Zhaoyang Zeng

Published in: Molecular Cancer | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Genetic instability of tumor cells often leads to the occurrence of a large number of mutations, and expression of non-synonymous mutations can produce tumor-specific antigens called neoantigens. Neoantigens are highly immunogenic as they are not expressed in normal tissues. They can activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to generate immune response and have the potential to become new targets of tumor immunotherapy. The development of bioinformatics technology has accelerated the identification of neoantigens. The combination of different algorithms to identify and predict the affinity of neoantigens to major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) or the immunogenicity of neoantigens is mainly based on the whole-exome sequencing technology. Tumor vaccines targeting neoantigens mainly include nucleic acid, dendritic cell (DC)-based, tumor cell, and synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccines. The combination with immune checkpoint inhibition therapy or radiotherapy and chemotherapy might achieve better therapeutic effects. Currently, several clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of these vaccines. Further development of sequencing technologies and bioinformatics algorithms, as well as an improvement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumor development, will expand the application of neoantigen vaccines in the future.
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Metadata
Title
Neoantigen vaccine: an emerging tumor immunotherapy
Authors
Miao Peng
Yongzhen Mo
Yian Wang
Pan Wu
Yijie Zhang
Fang Xiong
Can Guo
Xu Wu
Yong Li
Xiaoling Li
Guiyuan Li
Wei Xiong
Zhaoyang Zeng
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Molecular Cancer / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1476-4598
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-019-1055-6

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