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Cancer Cell International
Published in: Cancer Cell International 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Research

Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and immunotherapeutic effects based on tryptophan metabolism-related genes

Authors: Chen Xue, Xinyu Gu, Yalei Zhao, Junjun Jia, Qiuxian Zheng, Yuanshuai Su, Zhengyi Bao, Juan Lu, Lanjuan Li

Published in: Cancer Cell International | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Background

L-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism involved in mediating tumour development and immune suppression. However, comprehensive analysis of the role of the Trp metabolism pathway is still a challenge.

Methods

We downloaded Trp metabolism-related genes’ expression data from different public databases, including TCGA, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Database (HCCDB). And we identified two metabolic phenotypes using the ConsensusClusterPlus package. Univariate regression analysis and lasso Cox regression analysis were used to establish a risk model. CIBERSORT and Tracking of Indels by DEcomposition (TIDE) analyses were adopted to assess the infiltration abundance of immune cells and tumour immune escape.

Results

We identified two metabolic phenotypes, and patients in Cluster 2 (C2) had a better prognosis than those in Cluster 1 (C1). The distribution of clinical features between the metabolic phenotypes showed that patients in C1 tended to have higher T stage, stage, grade, and death probability than those of patients in C2. Additionally, we screened 739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the C1 and C2. We generated a ten-gene risk model based on the DEGs, and the area under the curve (AUC) values of the risk model for predicting overall survival. Patients in the low-risk subgroup tended to have a significantly longer overall survival than that of those in the high-risk group. Moreover, univariate analysis indicated that the risk model was significantly correlated with overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk model remained an independent risk factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

We identified two metabolic phenotypes based on genes of the Trp metabolism pathway, and we established a risk model that could be used for predicting prognosis and guiding immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and immunotherapeutic effects based on tryptophan metabolism-related genes
Authors
Chen Xue
Xinyu Gu
Yalei Zhao
Junjun Jia
Qiuxian Zheng
Yuanshuai Su
Zhengyi Bao
Juan Lu
Lanjuan Li
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Cancer Cell International / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2867
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-022-02730-8

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