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Open Access 01-12-2023 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Research

Promoting HIV care continuum outcomes among people who use drugs and alcohol: a systematic review of randomized trials evaluating behavioral HIV care interventions published from 2011 to 2023

Authors: Eileen V. Pitpitan, PhD, John Mark Wiginton, PhD, MPH, MSW, Raul Bejarano-Romero, MA, Dania Abu Baker, MSc

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2023

Abstract

Background

Substance use remains a robust predictor of HIV infection and a serious impediment to HIV care continuum progression for people living with HIV. The primary research question of this systematic review is focused on understanding the extent to which behavioral HIV care interventions have been efficacious in helping people who live with HIV and who use substances along the HIV care continuum.

Methods

Using PubMed and ProQuest databases, we performed a systematic review of randomized trials of behavioral HIV care continuum interventions among people who use substances published from 2011 to August 2023, since the beginning of the treatment-as-prevention era.

Results

We identified 11 studies (total participants: N = 5635), ten intentionally targeting substance-using populations. Four studies involved samples using ≥ 1 substance (e.g., alcohol, opioids, stimulants, marijuana); four involved injection drug use; one involved methamphetamine use; and one involved alcohol use. One study targeted a population with incidental substance use (i.e., alcohol, injection drug use, non-injection drug use reported in most participants). Each study defined one or more HIV care outcomes of interest. Viral suppression was an outcome targeted in 9/11 studies, followed by uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART; 7/11), ART adherence (6/11), retention in care (5/11), and linkage to care (3/11). While most (nine) of the studies found significant effects on at least one HIV care outcome, findings were mostly mixed. Mediated (2/11) and moderated (2/11) effects were minimally examined.

Conclusions

The results from this systematic review demonstrate mixed findings concerning the efficacy of previous HIV care interventions to improve HIV care continuum outcomes among people who use substances. However, heterogeneity of study components (e.g., diversity of substances used/assessed, self-report vs. objective measures, attrition) prevent broad deductions or conclusions about the amenability of specific substance-using populations to HIV care intervention. More coordinated, comprehensive, and targeted efforts are needed to promote and disentangle intervention effects on HIV care continuum outcomes among substance-using populations.

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Title: Promoting HIV care continuum outcomes among people who use drugs and alcohol: a systematic review of randomized trials evaluating behavioral HIV care interventions published from 2011 to 2023
Authors: Eileen V. Pitpitan, PhD
John Mark Wiginton, PhD, MPH, MSW
Raul Bejarano-Romero, MA
Dania Abu Baker, MSc
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Care
Published in: BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17113-5

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Promoting HIV care continuum outcomes among people who use drugs and alcohol: a systematic review of randomized trials evaluating behavioral HIV care interventions published from 2011 to 2023

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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