Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Case report

Stent encrustation or fragmentation? A case report of post stent removal encrustation in postpartum woman and literature review

Authors: Zhaohua Ye, Qiwu Mi, Renzhao Huang

Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Issue 1/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Ureteral stents are commonly used in the field of urology to relieve ureteral obstruction. However, complications relating to ureteral stent use, such as encrustation continue to occur, especially with prolonged indwell time.

Case presentation

Here we present a 37-year-old postpartum woman with a foreign body in her bladder after removing a ureteral stent 1 month before. She insisted that the foreign body was the fragment of stent and asked for medical malpractice indemnity payments while the surgeon of her insisted that the stent was intact during the procedure. Finally, the foreign body was confirmed as an encrustation by cystoscopy and the patient received 10,000 yuan ($ 1500) as indemnity payments after encrustation removal.

Conclusion

In the absence of guidelines, stent indwelling time vary with centers’ habits, stent materials and patient’s education. Early detection of stent encrustation and timely removal of the encrusted stent are still the best way to avoid stent retention. Violent stent removal is of danger and not recommended in any case.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Saha PK, Hossain MS, Ghosh KC, et al. Forgotten, encrusted ureteral stents: removal - multimodal Endourologic approach. Mymensingh Med J. 2018;27(1):149–58.PubMed Saha PK, Hossain MS, Ghosh KC, et al. Forgotten, encrusted ureteral stents: removal - multimodal Endourologic approach. Mymensingh Med J. 2018;27(1):149–58.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Gunduz N, Aslan A, Inan I. A severely encrusted forgotten double J ureteral catheter. Eurasian J Med. 2017;49(2):158.CrossRef Gunduz N, Aslan A, Inan I. A severely encrusted forgotten double J ureteral catheter. Eurasian J Med. 2017;49(2):158.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Denstedt JD, Razvi H. Management of urinary calculi during pregnancy. J Urol. 1992;148(3 Pt 2):1072–5.CrossRef Denstedt JD, Razvi H. Management of urinary calculi during pregnancy. J Urol. 1992;148(3 Pt 2):1072–5.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Yoshida T, Inoue T, Taguchi M, et al. Efficacy and safety of complete Intraureteral stent placement versus conventional stent placement in relieving ureteral stent related symptoms: A randomized, prospective, single blind, multicenter clinical trial. J Urol. 2019;202(1):164–70.CrossRef Yoshida T, Inoue T, Taguchi M, et al. Efficacy and safety of complete Intraureteral stent placement versus conventional stent placement in relieving ureteral stent related symptoms: A randomized, prospective, single blind, multicenter clinical trial. J Urol. 2019;202(1):164–70.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Tomer N, Garden E, Small A, Palese M. Ureteral stent encrustation: epidemiology, pathophysiology, Management and Current Technology. J Urol. 2021;205(1):68–77.CrossRef Tomer N, Garden E, Small A, Palese M. Ureteral stent encrustation: epidemiology, pathophysiology, Management and Current Technology. J Urol. 2021;205(1):68–77.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Watterson JD, Cadieux PA, Beiko DT, et al. Oxalate-degrading enzymes from Oxalobacter formigenes: a novel device coating to reduce urinary tract biomaterial-related encrustation. J Endourol. 2003;17(5):269–74.CrossRef Watterson JD, Cadieux PA, Beiko DT, et al. Oxalate-degrading enzymes from Oxalobacter formigenes: a novel device coating to reduce urinary tract biomaterial-related encrustation. J Endourol. 2003;17(5):269–74.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Al-Aown A, Kyriazis I, Kallidonis P, et al. Ureteral stents: new ideas, new designs. Ther Adv Urol. 2010;2(2):85–92.CrossRef Al-Aown A, Kyriazis I, Kallidonis P, et al. Ureteral stents: new ideas, new designs. Ther Adv Urol. 2010;2(2):85–92.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Lumiaho J, Heino A, Tunninen V, et al. New bioabsorbable polylactide ureteral stent in the treatment of ureteral lesions: an experimental study. J Endourol. 1999;13(2):107–12.CrossRef Lumiaho J, Heino A, Tunninen V, et al. New bioabsorbable polylactide ureteral stent in the treatment of ureteral lesions: an experimental study. J Endourol. 1999;13(2):107–12.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Schlick RW, Planz K. In vitro results with special plastics for biodegradable endoureteral stents. J Endourol. 1998;12(5):451–5.CrossRef Schlick RW, Planz K. In vitro results with special plastics for biodegradable endoureteral stents. J Endourol. 1998;12(5):451–5.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Acosta-Miranda AM, Milner J, Turk TM. The FECal Double-J: a simplified approach in the management of encrusted and retained ureteral stents. J Endourol. 2009;23(3):409–15.CrossRef Acosta-Miranda AM, Milner J, Turk TM. The FECal Double-J: a simplified approach in the management of encrusted and retained ureteral stents. J Endourol. 2009;23(3):409–15.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Arenas JL, Shen JK, Keheila M, et al. Kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB): A novel grading system for encrusted ureteral stents. Urology. 2016;97:51–5.CrossRef Arenas JL, Shen JK, Keheila M, et al. Kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB): A novel grading system for encrusted ureteral stents. Urology. 2016;97:51–5.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Zimskind PD, Fetter TR, Wilkerson JL. Clinical use of long-term indwelling silicone rubber ureteral splints inserted cystoscopically. J Urol. 1967;97(5):840–4.CrossRef Zimskind PD, Fetter TR, Wilkerson JL. Clinical use of long-term indwelling silicone rubber ureteral splints inserted cystoscopically. J Urol. 1967;97(5):840–4.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Tunney MM, Keane PF, Jones DS, Gorman SP. Comparative assessment of ureteral stent biomaterial encrustation. Biomaterials. 1996;17(15):1541–6.CrossRef Tunney MM, Keane PF, Jones DS, Gorman SP. Comparative assessment of ureteral stent biomaterial encrustation. Biomaterials. 1996;17(15):1541–6.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Singh I, Gupta NP, Hemal AK, Aron M, Seth A, Dogra PN. Severely encrusted polyurethane ureteral stents: management and analysis of potential risk factors. Urology. 2001;58(4):526–31.CrossRef Singh I, Gupta NP, Hemal AK, Aron M, Seth A, Dogra PN. Severely encrusted polyurethane ureteral stents: management and analysis of potential risk factors. Urology. 2001;58(4):526–31.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Kawahara T, Ito H, Terao H, Yoshida M, Matsuzaki J. Ureteral stent encrustation, incrustation, and coloring: morbidity related to indwelling times. J Endourol. 2012;26(2):178–82.CrossRef Kawahara T, Ito H, Terao H, Yoshida M, Matsuzaki J. Ureteral stent encrustation, incrustation, and coloring: morbidity related to indwelling times. J Endourol. 2012;26(2):178–82.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Borboroglu PG, Kane CJ. Current management of severely encrusted ureteral stents with a large associated stone burden. J Urol. 2000;164(3 Pt 1):648–50.CrossRef Borboroglu PG, Kane CJ. Current management of severely encrusted ureteral stents with a large associated stone burden. J Urol. 2000;164(3 Pt 1):648–50.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Masselli G, Derme M, Laghi F, et al. Imaging of stone disease in pregnancy. Abdom Imaging. 2013;38(6):1409–14.CrossRef Masselli G, Derme M, Laghi F, et al. Imaging of stone disease in pregnancy. Abdom Imaging. 2013;38(6):1409–14.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Ordon M, Dirk J, Slater J, Kroft J, Dixon S, Welk B. Incidence, treatment, and implications of kidney stones during pregnancy: A matched population-based cohort study. J Endourol. 2020;34(2):215–21.CrossRef Ordon M, Dirk J, Slater J, Kroft J, Dixon S, Welk B. Incidence, treatment, and implications of kidney stones during pregnancy: A matched population-based cohort study. J Endourol. 2020;34(2):215–21.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference SR e-F, Shamsuddin AB, Chakrabarti A, et al. Polyurethane internal ureteral stents in treatment of stone patients: morbidity related to indwelling times. J Urol. 1991;146(6):1487–91.CrossRef SR e-F, Shamsuddin AB, Chakrabarti A, et al. Polyurethane internal ureteral stents in treatment of stone patients: morbidity related to indwelling times. J Urol. 1991;146(6):1487–91.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Bultitude MF, Tiptaft RC, Glass JM, Dasgupta P. Management of encrusted ureteral stents impacted in upper tract. Urology. 2003;62(4):622–6.CrossRef Bultitude MF, Tiptaft RC, Glass JM, Dasgupta P. Management of encrusted ureteral stents impacted in upper tract. Urology. 2003;62(4):622–6.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Lam JS, Gupta M. Tips and tricks for the management of retained ureteral stents. J Endourol. 2002;16(10):733–41. Lam JS, Gupta M. Tips and tricks for the management of retained ureteral stents. J Endourol. 2002;16(10):733–41.
23.
go back to reference Bouzidi H, Traxer O, Doré B, et al. Caractéristiques des incrustations des endoprothèses urétérales chez les patients lithiasiques [Characteristics of encrustation of ureteric stents in patients with urinary stones]. Prog Urol. 2008;18(4):230–7.CrossRef Bouzidi H, Traxer O, Doré B, et al. Caractéristiques des incrustations des endoprothèses urétérales chez les patients lithiasiques [Characteristics of encrustation of ureteric stents in patients with urinary stones]. Prog Urol. 2008;18(4):230–7.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Sighinolfi MC, Sighinolfi GP, Galli E, et al. Chemical and mineralogical analysis of ureteral stent encrustation and associated risk factors. Urology. 2015;86(4):703–6.CrossRef Sighinolfi MC, Sighinolfi GP, Galli E, et al. Chemical and mineralogical analysis of ureteral stent encrustation and associated risk factors. Urology. 2015;86(4):703–6.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Rouprêt M, Daudon M, Hupertan V, Gattegno B, Thibault P, Traxer O. Can ureteral stent encrustation analysis predict urinary stone composition? Urology. 2005;66(2):246–51.CrossRef Rouprêt M, Daudon M, Hupertan V, Gattegno B, Thibault P, Traxer O. Can ureteral stent encrustation analysis predict urinary stone composition? Urology. 2005;66(2):246–51.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Kalinderi K, Delkos D, Kalinderis M, Athanasiadis A, Kalogiannidis I. Urinary tract infection during pregnancy: current concepts on a common multifaceted problem. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;38(4):448–53.CrossRef Kalinderi K, Delkos D, Kalinderis M, Athanasiadis A, Kalogiannidis I. Urinary tract infection during pregnancy: current concepts on a common multifaceted problem. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;38(4):448–53.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Brent RL, Mettler FA. Pregnancy policy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182(3):819–22.CrossRef Brent RL, Mettler FA. Pregnancy policy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182(3):819–22.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Anon: Committee Opinion No. 723: Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging During Pregnancy and Lactation: Correction. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132:786–6. Anon: Committee Opinion No. 723: Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging During Pregnancy and Lactation: Correction. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132:786–6.
29.
go back to reference Streffer C, Shore R, Konermann G, et al. Biological effects after prenatal irradiation (embryo and fetus). A report of the international commission on radiological protection. Ann ICRP. 2003;33(1–2):5–206.PubMed Streffer C, Shore R, Konermann G, et al. Biological effects after prenatal irradiation (embryo and fetus). A report of the international commission on radiological protection. Ann ICRP. 2003;33(1–2):5–206.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Fulgham PF, Assimos DG, Pearle MS, Preminger GM. Clinical effectiveness protocols for imaging in the management of ureteral calculous disease: AUA technology assessment. J Urol. 2013;189(4):1203–13.CrossRef Fulgham PF, Assimos DG, Pearle MS, Preminger GM. Clinical effectiveness protocols for imaging in the management of ureteral calculous disease: AUA technology assessment. J Urol. 2013;189(4):1203–13.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference White WM, Johnson EB, Zite NB, et al. Predictive value of current imaging modalities for the detection of urolithiasis during pregnancy: a multicenter, longitudinal study. J Urol. 2013;189(3):931–4. White WM, Johnson EB, Zite NB, et al. Predictive value of current imaging modalities for the detection of urolithiasis during pregnancy: a multicenter, longitudinal study. J Urol. 2013;189(3):931–4.
32.
go back to reference Blaheta RA, Oertl A, Freisleben HJ, et al. Detection of early DJ-stent encrustation by sonographic twinkling-artifacts - a pilot study. Cent European J Urol. 2017;70(1):107–11.PubMedPubMedCentral Blaheta RA, Oertl A, Freisleben HJ, et al. Detection of early DJ-stent encrustation by sonographic twinkling-artifacts - a pilot study. Cent European J Urol. 2017;70(1):107–11.PubMedPubMedCentral
33.
go back to reference Abadian PN, Buch PJ, Goluch ED, Li J, Zhang Z. Real-time monitoring of urinary encrustation using a quartz crystal microbalance. Anal Chem. 2018;90(3):1531–5.CrossRef Abadian PN, Buch PJ, Goluch ED, Li J, Zhang Z. Real-time monitoring of urinary encrustation using a quartz crystal microbalance. Anal Chem. 2018;90(3):1531–5.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Duty B, Okhunov Z, Okeke Z, Smith A. Medical malpractice in endourology: analysis of closed cases from the state of New York. J Urol. 2012;187(2):528–32.CrossRef Duty B, Okhunov Z, Okeke Z, Smith A. Medical malpractice in endourology: analysis of closed cases from the state of New York. J Urol. 2012;187(2):528–32.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference López-Huertas HL, Polcari AJ, Hugen CM, Farooq AV, Turk TM. A novel technique for the removal of minimally encrusted ureteral stents. J Endourol. 2010;24(1):9–11.CrossRef López-Huertas HL, Polcari AJ, Hugen CM, Farooq AV, Turk TM. A novel technique for the removal of minimally encrusted ureteral stents. J Endourol. 2010;24(1):9–11.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Aravantinos E, Gravas S, Karatzas AD, Tzortzis V, Melekos M. Forgotten, encrusted ureteral stents: a challenging problem with an endourologic solution. J Endourol. 2006;20(12):1045–9.CrossRef Aravantinos E, Gravas S, Karatzas AD, Tzortzis V, Melekos M. Forgotten, encrusted ureteral stents: a challenging problem with an endourologic solution. J Endourol. 2006;20(12):1045–9.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Stent encrustation or fragmentation? A case report of post stent removal encrustation in postpartum woman and literature review
Authors
Zhaohua Ye
Qiwu Mi
Renzhao Huang
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2393
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04262-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2021 Go to the issue