Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Infectious Diseases
Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Cytokines | Research

Immunization with a peptide mimicking lipoteichoic acid induces memory B cells in BALB/c mice

Authors: Xia-Yu Yi, Xiao-Rui Hou, Zhao-Xia Huang, Ping Zhu, Bei-Yi Liu

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

There is an urgent clinical need for developing novel immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy strategies against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In our previous work, immunization with a tetra-branched multiple antigenic peptide, named MAP2-3 that mimics lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of S. aureus, successfully induced a humoral immune response and protected BALB/c mice against S. aureus systemic infection. In this study, we further investigated whether vaccination with MAP2-3 can elicit immunologic memory.

Methods

BALB/c mice were immunized with MAP2-3 five times. After one month of the last vaccination, mice were challenged with heat-killed S. aureus via intraperitoneal injection. After a 7-day inoculation, the percentage of plasma cells, memory B cells, effector memory T cells, and follicular helper T cells were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-6, IL-21, IL-2, and IFN-γ were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA. Flow cytometry results were compared by using one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney test, real-time PCR results were compared by using one-way ANOVA, and ELISA results were compared by using one-way ANOVA or student’s t-test.

Results

The percentage of plasma cells and memory B cells in the spleen and bone marrow from the MAP2-3 immunized mice was significantly higher than that from the control mice. The percentage of effector memory T cells in spleens and lymphoid nodes as well as follicular helper T cells in spleens from the MAP2-3 immunized mice were also higher. Moreover, the levels of IL-6 and IL-21, two critical cytokines for the development of memory B cells, were significantly higher in the isolated splenocytes from immunized mice after lipoteichoic acid stimulation.

Conclusions

Immunization with MAP2-3 can efficiently induce memory B cells and memory T cells.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
2.
Kourtis AP, Hatfield K, Baggs J, Mu Y, See I, Epson E, et al. Vital signs: Epidemiology and recent trends in Methicillin-resistant and in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections - United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(9):214–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Lee AS, de Lencastre H, Garau J, Kluytmans J, Malhotra-Kumar S, Peschel A, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. NAT REV DIS PRIMERS. 2018;4:18033.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Percy MG, Grundling A. Lipoteichoic acid synthesis and function in gram-positive bacteria. ANNU REV MICROBIOL. 2014;68:81–100.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Schneewind O, Missiakas D. Lipoteichoic acids, phosphate-containing polymers in the envelope of gram-positive bacteria. J BACTERIOL. 2014;196(6):1133–42.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Abachin E, Poyart C, Pellegrini E, Milohanic E, Fiedler F, Berche P, et al. Formation of D-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid is required for adhesion and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. MOL MICROBIOL. 2002;43(1):1–14.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Fabretti F, Theilacker C, Baldassarri L, Kaczynski Z, Kropec A, Holst O, et al. Alanine esters of enterococcal lipoteichoic acid play a role in biofilm formation and resistance to antimicrobial peptides. INFECT IMMUN. 2006;74(7):4164–71.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Sheen TR, Ebrahimi CM, Hiemstra IH, Barlow SB, Peschel A, Doran KS. Penetration of the blood-brain barrier by Staphylococcus aureus: contribution of membrane-anchored lipoteichoic acid. J Mol Med (Berl). 2010;88(6):633–9.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Yi XY, Huang ZX, Hou XR, Zhu P, Wang XY, Luo HB, et al. Immunization with a peptide mimicking lipoteichoic acid protects mice against Staphylococcus aureus infection. VACCINE. 2019;37(31):4325–35.CrossRefPubMed
10.
11.
Chen X, Li G, Wan Z, Liu C, Zeng Y, Liu W. How b cells remember? A sophisticated cytoplasmic tail of mIgG is pivotal for the enhanced transmembrane signaling of IgG-switched memory B cells. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2015;118(3):89–94.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Cancro MP, Tomayko MM. Memory B cells and plasma cells: the differentiative continuum of humoral immunity. IMMUNOL REV. 2021;303(1):72–82.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Takahashi Y, Ohta H, Takemori T. Fas is required for clonal selection in germinal centers and the subsequent establishment of the memory B cell repertoire. Immunity. 2001;14(2):181–92.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Weinstein JS, Herman EI, Lainez B, Licona-Limon P, Esplugues E, Flavell R, et al. TFH cells progressively differentiate to regulate the germinal center response. NAT IMMUNOL. 2016;17(10):1197–205.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Suan D, Sundling C, Brink R. Plasma cell and memory B cell differentiation from the germinal center. CURR OPIN IMMUNOL. 2017;45:97–102.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Good-Jacobson KL, Shlomchik MJ. Plasticity and heterogeneity in the generation of memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells: the influence of germinal center interactions and dynamics. J IMMUNOL. 2010;185(6):3117–25.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Kurosaki T, Kometani K, Ise W, Memory B. cells. NAT REV IMMUNOL 2015;15(3):149– 59.
18.
Tomayko MM, Steinel NC, Anderson SM, Shlomchik MJ. Cutting edge: Hierarchy of maturity of murine memory B cell subsets. J IMMUNOL. 2010;185(12):7146–50.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Good-Jacobson KL, Song E, Anderson S, Sharpe AH, Shlomchik MJ. CD80 expression on B cells regulates murine T follicular helper development, germinal center B cell survival, and plasma cell generation. J IMMUNOL. 2012;188(9):4217–25.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Vinuesa CG, Linterman MA, Yu D, MacLennan IC, Follicular Helper T, Cells. ANNU REV IMMUNOL. 2016;34:335–68.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Eivazi S, Bagheri S, Hashemzadeh MS, Ghalavand M, Qamsari ES, Dorostkar R, et al. Development of T follicular helper cells and their role in disease and immune system. BIOMED PHARMACOTHER. 2016;84:1668–78.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Eto D, Lao C, DiToro D, Barnett B, Escobar TC, Kageyama R, et al. IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (tfh) differentiation. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(3):e17739.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
24.
25.
Zotos D, Coquet JM, Zhang Y, Light A, D’Costa K, Kallies A, et al. IL-21 regulates germinal center B cell differentiation and proliferation through a B cell-intrinsic mechanism. J EXP MED. 2010;207(2):365–78.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Linterman MA, Beaton L, Yu D, Ramiscal RR, Srivastava M, Hogan JJ, et al. IL-21 acts directly on B cells to regulate Bcl-6 expression and germinal center responses. J EXP MED. 2010;207(2):353–63.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Kopf M, Herren S, Wiles MV, Pepys MB, Kosco-Vilbois MH. Interleukin 6 influences germinal center development and antibody production via a contribution of C3 complement component. J EXP MED. 1998;188(10):1895–906.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Zhao YX, Nilsson IM, Tarkowski A. The dual role of interferon-gamma in experimental Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia versus arthritis. Immunology. 1998;93(1):80–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Kolata JB, Kuhbandner I, Link C, Normann N, Vu CH, Steil L, et al. The fall of a dogma? Unexpected high T-cell memory response to Staphylococcus aureus in humans. J Infect Dis. 2015;212(5):830–8.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zielinski CE, Mele F, Aschenbrenner D, Jarrossay D, Ronchi F, Gattorno M, et al. Pathogen-induced human TH17 cells produce IFN-γ or IL-10 and are regulated by IL-1β. Nature. 2012;484(7395):514–8.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Cruciani M, Sandini S, Etna MP, Giacomini E, Camilli R, Severa M, et al. Differential responses of human dendritic cells to live or inactivated Staphylococcus aureus: impact on cytokine production and T helper expansion. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2622.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
33.
Perrie Y, Kirby D, Bramwell VW, Mohammed AR. Recent developments in particulate-based vaccines. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2007;1(2):117–29.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Firdaus FZ, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Developments in Vaccine adjuvants. Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2412:145–78.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Shi S, Zhu H, Xia X, Liang Z, Ma X, Sun B. Vaccine adjuvants: understanding the structure and mechanism of adjuvanticity. VACCINE. 2019;37(24):3167–78.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Reidel IG, Camussone C, Guillermo A, Suarez Archilla, Calvinho LF, Veaute C. Liposomal and CpG-ODN formulation elicits strong humoral immune responses to recomibinant Staphylococcus aureus antigens in heifer calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2019;212:1–8.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Buyuktimkin B, Wang Q, Kiptoo P, Stewart JM, Berkland C, Siahaan TJ. Vaccine-like controlled-release delivery of an immunomodulating peptide to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Pharm. 2012;9(4):979–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Metadata
Title
Immunization with a peptide mimicking lipoteichoic acid induces memory B cells in BALB/c mice
Authors
Xia-Yu Yi
Xiao-Rui Hou
Zhao-Xia Huang
Ping Zhu
Bei-Yi Liu
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Cytokines
Published in
BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09262-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2024 Go to the issue

Research

Liver injury and prolonged hospitalization as indicators of severity in patients with adenovirus infections

Research

Real-world effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir versus azvudine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the omicron wave in Beijing: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Research

Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children and young adults

Research

Simple mathematical model for predicting COVID-19 outbreaks in Japan based on epidemic waves with a cyclical trend

Research

Genome-wide analyses in Lyme borreliosis: identification of a genetic variant associated with disease susceptibility and its immunological implications

Research

Knowledge, perceptions, and exposure to bats in communities living around bat roosts in Bundibugyo district, Uganda: implications for viral haemorrhagic fever prevention and control
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits