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Breast Cancer Research
Published in: Breast Cancer Research 2/2013

Open Access 01-04-2013 | Research article

Embryonic mammary signature subsets are activated in Brca1 -/- and basal-like breast cancers

Authors: Marketa Zvelebil, Erik Oliemuller, Qiong Gao, Olivia Wansbury, Alan Mackay, Howard Kendrick, Matthew J Smalley, Jorge S Reis-Filho, Beatrice A Howard

Published in: Breast Cancer Research | Issue 2/2013

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Abstract

Introduction

Cancer is often suggested to result from development gone awry. Links between normal embryonic development and cancer biology have been postulated, but no defined genetic basis has been established. We recently published the first transcriptomic analysis of embryonic mammary cell populations. Embryonic mammary epithelial cells are an immature progenitor cell population, lacking differentiation markers, which is reflected in their very distinct genetic profiles when compared with those of their postnatal descendents.

Methods

We defined an embryonic mammary epithelial signature that incorporates the most highly expressed genes from embryonic mammary epithelium when compared with the postnatal mammary epithelial cells. We looked for activation of the embryonic mammary epithelial signature in mouse mammary tumors that formed in mice in which Brca1 had been conditionally deleted from the mammary epithelium and in human breast cancers to determine whether any genetic links exist between embryonic mammary cells and breast cancers.

Results

Small subsets of the embryonic mammary epithelial signature were consistently activated in mouse Brca1-/- tumors and human basal-like breast cancers, which encoded predominantly transcriptional regulators, cell-cycle, and actin cytoskeleton components. Other embryonic gene subsets were found activated in non-basal-like tumor subtypes and repressed in basal-like tumors, including regulators of neuronal differentiation, transcription, and cell biosynthesis. Several embryonic genes showed significant upregulation in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and/or grade 3 breast cancers. Among them, the transcription factor, SOX11, a progenitor cell and lineage regulator of nonmammary cell types, is found highly expressed in some Brca1 -/- mammary tumors. By using RNA interference to silence SOX11 expression in breast cancer cells, we found evidence that SOX11 regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and cell survival.

Conclusions

Specific subsets of embryonic mammary genes, rather than the entire embryonic development transcriptomic program, are activated in tumorigenesis. Genes involved in embryonic mammary development are consistently upregulated in some breast cancers and warrant further investigation, potentially in drug-discovery research endeavors.
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Metadata
Title
Embryonic mammary signature subsets are activated in Brca1 -/- and basal-like breast cancers
Authors
Marketa Zvelebil
Erik Oliemuller
Qiong Gao
Olivia Wansbury
Alan Mackay
Howard Kendrick
Matthew J Smalley
Jorge S Reis-Filho
Beatrice A Howard
Publication date
01-04-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Breast Cancer Research / Issue 2/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr3403

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Breast Cancer Research 2/2013 Go to the issue

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Oestrogen increases the activity of oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer stem cells through paracrine EGFR and Notch signalling

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Relationship of serum estrogens and estrogen metabolites to postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study

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miRNA expression profiling of 51 human breast cancer cell lines reveals subtype and driver mutation-specific miRNAs

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HOXB13:IL17BR and molecular grade index and risk of breast cancer death among patients with lymph node-negative invasive disease

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Premenopausal endogenous steroid hormones and breast cancer risk: results from the Nurses' Health Study II
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